Free Astronomy Magazine November-December 2026 ARABIC VERSION

bitingourgalaxy’scen- tralblackhole,Sagittar- ius A*, have led to this breakthroughdiscovery ofaverypromisingstar. Becauseitorbitsso closetoSagittariusA*, S301 opens a new win- dow to the fundamen- talpropertiesofspace- timeinthisextreme black-hole environ- ment,” saysNobelPrize winnerReinhardGen- zel,DirectorattheMax PlanckInstituteforEx- traterrestrial Physics (MPE)inGarching,Ger- many,andfounding memberofthecollabo- rationthatmadethe new observations. “What is special about thisstaristhatit’sorbit- ing Sagittarius A* on a verytightorbit,taking just8.7yearstocom- pleteit,andisap- proachingtheblack holeatamere12times thedistanceofEarthto theSun.Thatisun- precedented,” saysFelix Mang,PhDstudentat MPE and author of the study published in Na- ture . During its closest pas- sage to the black hole, the star travels at a- round 25,000 kilome- tres per second— 100,000 times faster than a commercial plane,orover8%of thespeedoflight—makingitthe record holder for the fastest star in the Milky Way. S301 also comes closer to Sagittarius A* than any otherstarobservedsofar,approach-ing the black hole at around the dis- tanceofSaturntotheSun.Because S301 comes so close to Sagittarius A*, it is the first star known that could be used to directly measure the rotation of a black hole. Like most things in our Universe, as- tronomers predict that SagittariusA*spins.AccordingtoEinstei n’sgen- eraltheoryofrelativity,aspinning black hole drags spacetime along withitandtwistsit,whichimpacts theorbitsofsurroundingstars.The effect is felt more strongly for ob- jects orbiting fast-rotating black holes at close range. NOVEMBER-DECEMBER2026 ﻣﺠﻠﺔ FreeAstronomy ﺎﻟﻌﺮ ﺔ 43 ﻧﻮﺑﻞ ر اﻳﻨﻬﺎرد ﻏﻨﺰل ﻣﺪﻳﺮ ﻣﻌﻬﺪ ﻣﺎﻛﺲ ﺑﻼﻧﻚ ﻟﻠﻔﻴﺰﻳﺎء ﺧﺎرج اﻷرض ﰲ ﻏﺎرﺷـﻴﻨﻎ ﺑﺄ ﺎﻧﻴـﺎ وأﺣﺪ اﻷﻋﻀﺎء ا ﺆﺳﺴـ ﻟﻠﺘﻌـﺎون اﻟﺒﺤﺜـﻲ اﻟﺬي أﺟﺮى ﻫﺬه اﻷرﺻﺎد :» ﻟﻘﺪ ﻗﺎدت ﻋﻘـﻮد ﻣﻦ اﻟﺘﺘﺒﻊ اﻟﺪﻗﻴﻖ ﻟﻠﻨﺠﻮم اﻟﺘـﻲ ﺗـﺪور ﺣـﻮل اﻟﺜﻘﺐ اﻷﺳﻮد ا ﺮﻛﺰي ﺠﺮﺗﻨﺎ، اﻟﻘﻮس A * إﱃ ﻫﺬا اﻻﻛﺘﺸﺎف اﻟﻼﻓﺖ ﻟﻨﺠﻢ و اﻋﺪ ﺟﺪاً وﻧﻈﺮاً إﱃ ﻣﺪاره اﻟﻘﺮﻳﺐ ﺟﺪًا ﻣﻦ اﻟﻘﻮس A* ، ﻳﻔﺘﺢ S301 ﻧﺎﻓــﺬة ﺟﺪﻳــﺪة ﻋــﲆ اﻟﺨﺼــﺎﺋﺺ ﻫﺬا اﻻﻛﺘﺸﺎف اﻟﻼﻓﺖ ﻟﻨﺠﻢ واﻋﺪ ﺟﺪاً اً وﻧﻈﺮ إﱃ ﻣﺪاره اﻟﻘﺮﻳﺐ ﺟﺪاً ﻣﻦ اﻟﻘﻮس A * ﻳﻔـﺘﺢ اﻟﻨﺠﻢ S301 ﻧﺎﻓﺬة ﺟﺪﻳﺪة ﻋـﲆ اﻟﺨﺼـﺎﺋﺺ اﻷﺳﺎﺳﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﺰﻣﻜﺎن ﰲ ﻫﺬه اﻟﺒﻴﺌـﺔ ا ﻟﻘﺼـﻮى ﻟﻠﺜﻘﺐ اﻷﺳﻮد « . ﻗﺎل ﻓﻴﻠﻴﻜﺲ ﻣـﺎﻧﻎ ﻃﺎﻟـﺐ اﻟﺪﻛﺘﻮراه ﰲ ﻣﻌﻬﺪ ﻣـﺎﻛﺲ ﺑﻼﻧـﻚ ﻟﻠﻔﻴﺰﻳـﺎء ﺧﺎرج اﻷرض وا ﺆﻟـﻒ اﻟﺮﺋﻴـ ـ ﴘ ﻟﻠﺪراﺳـﺔ ا ﻨﺸﻮرة ﰲ ﻣﺠﻠﺔ ﻧﻴـﺘﴩ :» ﻣـﺎ ﻳﻤﻴـﺰ ﻫـﺬا اﻟﻨﺠﻢ أﻧﻪ ﻳﺪور ﺣـﻮل اﻟﻘـﻮس A * ﰲ ﻣـﺪار ﺧــــﺎرج اﻷرض وا ﺆﻟــــﻒ اﻟﺮﺋﻴ ـ ﴘ ﻟﻠﺪراﺳﺔ ا ﻨﺸﻮرة ﰲ ﻣﺠﻠﺔ ﻧﻴـﺘﴩ :» ﻣﺎ ﻳﻤﻴﺰ ﻫـﺬا اﻟﻨﺠﻢ أﻧﻪ ﻳﺪور ﺣﻮل اﻟﻘـﻮس A * ﰲ ﻣــﺪار ﺷــﺪﻳﺪ اﻟﻘــﺮب وﻳﺴﺘﻐﺮق إﻛﻤﺎل دورة واﺣﺪة 8.7 ﺳﻨﻮات ﻓﻘﻂ وﻳﻘﱰب ﻣﻦ اﻟﺜﻘﺐ اﻷﺳـﻮد إﱃ ﻣﺴـﺎﻓﺔ ﻻ ﺗﺘﺠـﺎوز 12 ﺿـﻌﻒ ا ﺴـﺎﻓﺔ ﺑ اﻷرضواﻟﺸﻤﺲ وﻫﺬا أﻣﺮ ﻏ ﻣﺴﺒﻮق « وﺧـﻼ ل أﻗـﺮب ﻣﺮور ﻟﻪ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺜﻘـﺐ اﻷﺳـﻮد ﻳﺘﺤﺮك اﻟﻨﺠﻢ ﺑﴪﻋﺔ ﺗﻘـﺎرب 25 أﻟﻒ ﻛﻴﻠﻮﻣﱰ ﰲ اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴﺔ أي أﴎع ﺑﻨﺤﻮ 100 أﻟﻒ ﻣﺮة ﻣﻦ ﻃــﺎﺋﺮة ﺗﺠﺎرﻳــﺔ وﺗﺘﺠــﺎوز ﴎﻋﺘﻪ 8 % ﻣﻦ ﴎﻋﺔ اﻟﻀﻮء ﻣـﺎ ﻳﺠﻌﻠ ـﻪ ﺻــﺎﺣﺐ اﻟ ـﺮﻗﻢ اﻟﻘﻴﺎﳼ ﻷﴎع ﻧﺠﻢ ﻣﻌﺮوف ﰲ ﻣﺠﺮة درب اﻟﺘﺒﺎﻧﺔ . ﻛﻤﺎ ﻳﻘﱰب اﻟﻨﺠﻢ S301 ﻣـﻦ اﻟﻘﻮس A * أﻛﺜﺮ ﻣﻦ أي ﻧﺠـﻢ رﺻـﺪ ﺣﺘـﻰ اﻵن إذ ﻳﺼـﻞ إﱃ ﻣﺴﺎﻓﺔ ﺗﻘﺎرب ا ﺴﺎﻓﺔ اﻟﺘـﻲ ﺗﻔﺼـﻞ زﺣـﻞ ﻋـﻦ اﻟﺸـﻤﺲ وﺑﺴﺒﺐ ﻫﺬا اﻻﻗﱰاب اﻟﺸـﺪﻳﺪ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻘـﻮس A * ﻳﻤﺜـﻞ S301 أول ﻧﺠــﻢ ﻣﻌــﺮوف ﻳﻤﻜــﻦ اﺳــﺘﺨﺪاﻣﻪ ﻟﻘﻴــﺎس دوران اﻟﺜﻘﺐ اﻷﺳﻮد ﻣﺒﺎﴍة وﻳﺘﻮﻗﻊ ﻋﻠﻤـﺎء اﻟﻔﻠ ـﻚ ﻣﺜـﻞ ﻣﻌﻈـﻢ اﻷﺟﺮام ﰲ اﻟﻜـﻮن أن اﻟﻘـﻮس A * ﻳﺪور ﺣﻮل ﻧﻔﺴﻪ . ﻟ ﺎً ووﻓﻘــ ﻠﻨﻈﺮﻳــﺔ اﻟﻨﺴــﺒﻴﺔ اﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ ﻷﻳﻨﺸﺘﺎﻳﻦ ﻓﺈن اﻟﺜﻘـﺐ اﻷﺳﻮ د اﻟﺪوار ﻳﺠـﺮ اﻟﺰﻣﻜـﺎن ﻣﻌــﻪ وﻳﻠﻮﻳــﻪ ﻣــﺎ ﻳــ ﺆﺛﺮ ﰲ ﻣﺪارات اﻟﻨﺠﻮم ا ﺤﻴﻄـﺔ ﺑـﻪ ــــــــــــــــــــــــ ﻮ وﻳﺼﺒﺢ ﻫﺬا اﻟﺘﺄﺛ أﻛﺜﺮ وﺿﻮﺣ ﺎً ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ إﱃ اﻷﺟﺮام اﻟﺘـﻲ ﺗـﺪور ﺑـﺎﻟﻘﺮب ﻣـﻦ اﻟﺜﻘـﻮب اﻟﺴﻮداء ﴎﻳﻌﺔ اﻟﺪوران . ﻗﺎل ﻣﺎﻧﻎ ﻧﺄﻣـﻞ »: أن ﻧﺘﻤﻜﻦ ﺧﻼل اﻟﺴﻨﻮات اﻟﻌﴩ ا ﻘﺒﻠﺔ ﻣـﻦ ﻗﻴﺎس دوران اﻟﺜﻘﺐ اﻷﺳﻮد ﺑﺎ ﺳـﺘﺨﺪام ﻫـﺬا اﻟﻨﺠﻢ « . أﺿﺎف اﻟﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﺷﺘﻴﻔﺎن ﻏﻴﻠﺴﻦ ﻣـﻦ ﻣﻌﻬﺪ ﻣﺎﻛﺲ ﺑﻼﻧﻚ ﻟﻠﻔﻴﺰﻳـﺎء ﺧـﺎرج اﻷرض واﻟﺬي أدى أﻳﻀـﺎً دوراً رﺋﻴﺴـﻴﺎً ﰲ اﻟﺪراﺳـﺔ : ﺗﻈﻬـﺮ اﻟﺘ ﻫـﺬﻩ اﻟﺴﻠﺴـﻠﺔ ﻣـﻦ اﻟﺼـﻮراﻟـ ﻘﻄـﺖ ﺎﺳـﺘﺨﺪام أداة ﻏــﺮاﻓ " " ـﺎس اﻟﺘـﺪاﺧﻞ ﻓـﻲﻣﻘ اﻟﺘـﺎﺑﻊ ﻟﻠﺘﻠﺴـ ﻮب اﻟﻜﺒـ ﺟـﺪاً ﻓــﻲ اﻟﻤﺮﺻــﺪ اﻷوروﺑــﻲ اﻟــ ـ ﺠﻨﻮﺑﻲ ﻣ ﻤﻮﻋــﺔ ﻣــﻦ اﻟﻨﺠــﻮم ﺗــﺪورﺣــﻮل اﻟﻘــﻮس " A "* وﻫــﻮ اﻟﺜﻘــﺐ اﻷﺳــﻮد ﻓــﺎﺋﻖ اﻟﻜﺘﻠــﺔ اﻟﻤﻮﺟــﻮد ﻓــﻲ ﻣﺮﻛــﺰ ﻣﺠﺮﻨﺎوﺗ ﻌﺮفﻫﺬﻩ اﻟﻨﺠﻮم ﻣﺠﺘﻤﻌﺔ ﺎﺳﻢ " ﻧﺠﻮم "S-stars وﺗﺸ اﻷﺳﻬﻢ ﻓﻲﻫﺬﻩ اﻟﺼﻮرإﻟﻰﺣ ﺮﻛﺘﻬﺎ اﻟﻤﺮﺻﻮدةﺣﻮل اﻟﺜﻘﺐ ﻣـﺆﺧﺮاً أن أﺣــﺪ ﻫـﺬﻩ اﻟﻨﺠــﻮم اﻷﺳـﻮد وﻗـﺪ ﺗﺒــ ـ " ﺪﻋﻰ و S301 " ﻤــﺮﻋﻠـﻰﻣﺴـﺎﻓﺔ أﻗــ ﺮ ﻜﺜـ ﻣــﻦ اﻟﺜﻘـﺐ اﻷﺳــﻮد ﻣﻘﺎر ـﺔ ﻨﺠــﻮم "S " اﻷﺧـﺮى و ﻈﻬـﺮ ﻣـ إﻫﻠ ﻠﺠـﻲ ﺪارﻩ ﻫﻨـﺎ ﻋﻠـﻰﺷـ ﻞ ﻣﻨﺤـ ــﻞ إﻃـﺎر ﻣـﻦ اﻟﺼـﻮر وﻓـﻲ ـ ﻤﺜـﻞ اﻟـ ﺨﻂ اﻟﻤﺘﺼـﻞ اﻟﻤﺴـﺎر اﻟـﺬ ﻗ ﻄﻌـﮫ اﻟــﻨ ﻢ ﺗﻠﻚ ﺎﻟﻔﻌﻞ ﺣ اﻟﻠﺤﻈﺔ ﺑ ﻨﻤﺎ ﻳﺤﺪد اﻟ ﺨـ ﺳ ﺴﻠﻜﮫ ﻻﺣﻘﺎً ﻂ اﻟﻤﺘﻘﻄﻊ اﻟﻤﺴﺎراﻟﺬ . [ESO/GRAVITY collaboration] ﻧﻮﻓﻤﺒﺮ - ﺩﻳﺴﻤﺒﺮ 2 0 2 6