Free Astronomy Magazine July-August 2026 ARABIC VERSION

Persistent mismatch in the expansion of the local Universe by NOIRLab Josie Fenske stronomers have sought to measure the expansion rate oftheUniverseusingtwo fundamentallydifferentapproaches. Onemethodreliesonmeasuringdis- tancestostarsandgalaxiesinthe nearby Universe. The other uses measurements of the cosmic mi- crowave background to predict what the expansion rate would be today under the standard model of cosmology. Thesetwoapproachesareexpected to yield the same result, but they don’t. Measurements based on the nearby Universe consistently indi- cate a higher expansion rate — around73kilometerspersecondper JULY-AUGUST2026 ﻣﺠﻠﺔ FreeAstronomy ﺎﻟﻌﺮ ﺔ 32 اﺳﺘﻤﺮاراﻟﺘ ﺎﻳﻦ ﻓﻲﻗ ﺎﺳﺎت ﺗﻤﺪد اﻟ ﻮن اﻟﻤﺤﻠﻲ : ﻘﻠﻢ ﺟﻮزيﻓ ﻨﺴﻜﻲ ﻣﺨﺘ ﻧﻮﻳﺮﻻب ﺴـﻌﻰ ﻋﻠﻤﺎء اﻟﻔﻠﻚ ﻣﻨـﺬ ﻋﻘـﻮد إﱃ ﻗﻴـﺎس ﻣﻌـﺪل ﺗﻤـﺪد اﻟﻜـﻮن ﺑﺎﺳـﺘﺨﺪام ﻣﻨﻬﺠـ أﺳﺎﺳﻴ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻔ . ﻳﻌﺘﻤﺪ اﻷول ﻋﲆ ﻗﻴـﺎس ا ﺴــﺎﻓﺎت إﱃ اﻟﻨﺠــﻮم وا ﺠـﺮات ﰲ اﻟﻜ ـ ﻮن اﻟﻘﺮﻳﺐ ﺑﻴﻨﻤﺎ ﻳﺴﺘﻨﺪ اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻲ إﱃ دراﺳﺔ إﺷﻌﺎع اﻟﺨﻠﻔﻴﺔ اﻟﻜﻮﻧﻴـﺔ ا ﻴﻜـﺮوي ﻟﻠﺘﻨﺒـﺆ ﺑﻘﻴﻤـﺔ ﻣﻌﺪل اﻟﺘﻤﺪد اﻟﺤﺎﻟﻴﺔ وﻓﻖ اﻟﻨﻤـﻮذج اﻟﻜـﻮﻧﻲ اﻟﺨﻠﻔﻴﺔ اﻟﻜﻮﻧﻴـﺔ ا ﻴﻜـﺮوي ﻟﻠﺘﻨﺒـﺆ ﺑﻘﻴﻤـﺔ ﻣﻌﺪل اﻟﺘﻤﺪد اﻟﺤﺎﻟﻴﺔ وﻓﻖ اﻟﻨﻤـﻮذج اﻟﻜـﻮﻧﻲ اﻟﻘﻴﺎﳼ . وﻣﻦ ا ﻔﱰض أ ن ﻳﺆدي ا ﻨﻬﺠﺎن إﱃ اﻟﻨﺘﻴﺠــﺔ ﻧﻔﺴــﻬﺎ، إﻻ أن ذﻟــﻚ ﻻ ﻳﺤــﺪث . ﻓﻘﻴﺎﺳﺎت اﻟﻜﻮن ا ﺤﲇ ﺗﺸـ ﺑﺎﺳـﺘﻤﺮار إﱃ ﻣﻌﺪل ﺗﻤﺪد أﻋﲆ ﻳﺒﻠﻎ ﻧﺤـﻮ ٧٣ ﻛﻴﻠـﻮﻣﱰاً ﰲ اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴﺔ ﻟﻜـﻞ ﻣﻴﻐﺎﺑﺎرﺳـﻴﻚ، ﰲ ﺣـ ﺗﻌﻄـﻲ ﻣﻌﺪل ﺗﻤﺪد أﻋﲆ ﻳﺒﻠﻎ ﻧﺤـﻮ 73 ﻛﻴﻠـﻮﻣﱰاً ﰲ اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴﺔ ﻟﻜـﻞ ﻣﻴﻐﺎﺑﺎرﺳـﻴﻚ، ﰲ ﺣـ ﺗﻌﻄـﻲ اﻟﺘﻨﺒﺆات ا ﺴﺘﻨﺪة إﱃ اﻟﻜﻮن ا ﺒﻜﺮ ﻗﻴﻤﺔ أﻗـﻞ ﺗﱰا وح ﺑ 67 و 68 ﻛﻴﻠﻮﻣﱰاً ﰲ اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴﺔ ﻟﻜـﻞ ﻣﻴﻐﺎﺑﺎرﺳﻴﻚ . ورﻏﻢ أن اﻟﻔﺎرق اﻟﻌﺪدي ﻳﺒـﺪو ﺻﻐ اً، ﻓﺈﻧﻪ أﻛﱪ ﺑﻜﺜ ﻣﻤﺎ ﻳﻤﻜﻦ ﺗﻔﺴـ ه ﺑﺎﻷﺧﻄﺎء اﻹﺣﺼﺎﺋﻴﺔ . وﻳُﻌﺮف ﻫـﺬا اﻟﺨـﻼف - ﻳﻮﻟﻴﻮ ﺃﻏﺴﻄﺲ 2 0 2 6