Free Astronomy Magazine July-August 2026 ARABIC VERSION

lution of the small- scale structure of star-formingregions even in nearby gal- axies, opening a new window for studyingtheearliest stages of star for- mation beyond the Milky Way. To achieve this re- sult, the research team pushed ALMA to the limits of its capabilities for this typeofstudy,reach- inganangularreso- lution of 0.05 arc- seconds—equivalent to distinguishing a one-euro coin from 100kilometersaway. This precision al- lowed them to re- solve structures as smallas2,000astro- nomicalunits, iden- tifying 70 dense cores embedded within four protoclusters at a dis- tance of 160,000 light-years. Toconfirmthenatureofthesestruc- tures and exclude contamination fromionizedgas—aparticularchal- lenge in such active regions—the team combined ALMA observations with data from the Hubble Space Telescope and the James Webb Space Telescope, which also con- firmed that the detected cores are stillinanearlyphaseoftheirevolu- tion. “We are truly excited about theresultsachievedwiththisstudy. Thanks to ALMA, studying core massesinourGalaxyisbecomingal- most ‘routine,’ suggesting in partic- ularthatthemassofourcoresseems toevolve,especiallyinhigh-massre- gions,” saysAlessioTraficante,lead authorofthestudy. “Untilnow,no onehadattemptedtopushthistype of research into extra-galactic re- gions,whichrequiresignificantly higher resolution and sensitivity than studies conducted within the Milky Way. The identification of more than 70 cores in 30 Dor-10 was by no means guaranteed, consider- ing we were observing an environ- ment with an interstellar medium whosecharacteristicsareprofoundly different from those found in the main massive star-forming regionsof our Galaxy. We had no idea what to expect before seeing the highly detailedimagesobtainedby ALMA.” Bycomparingthemassdistribution of these cores with those observed in the Milky Way, the researchers found that both follow a similar trend consistent with Salpeter’s Law—a notable result given the markedlydifferentconditionsinthe Large Magellanic Cloud, including lower metallicity, different turbu- lenceregimes,andamorestrongly ionized interstellar medium. Crucially,whiletheinitialmassfunc- tionofstarsinsuchextremeenviron- mentscanshowanexcessofmassive stars,theearliestphaseofcorefor- mation appears to follow the same patternsseeninourGalaxy,suggest- ingthattheseyoungcorescontinue toaccretemassovertimeregardless of their surroundings. Thefindingssuggestthattheinitial fragmentationofmolecularclouds —the process that leads to the for- mation of dense cores— may be largely independent of the sur- roundinggalacticenvironment.This work, connected to ALMA Large ProgramssuchasALMA-IMFandAL- MAGAL,opensthedoortoasystem- aticstudyofstarformationinother galaxiesusingtechniquespreviously applied only within the Milky Way, and allows astronomers to begin testing whether the physical laws governing the birth of stars hold constantacrosstheuniverse.     JULY-AUGUST2026 ﻣﺠﻠﺔ FreeAstronomy ﺎﻟﻌﺮ ﺔ 29 ﻣﺠﺮﺗﻨـــ ﺎ درب اﻟﺘﺒﺎﻧـــﺔ وﻟﺘﺤﻘﻴـﻖ ﻫـﺬه اﻟﻨﺘـﺎﺋﺞ دﻓــﻊ اﻟﻔﺮﻳــﻖ اﻟﻌﻠﻤــﻲ ﻗــﺪرات ﻣﺮﺻــﺪ أ ــﺎ إﱃ ﺣﺪودﻫﺎ اﻟﻘﺼﻮى ﰲ ﻫـﺬا اﻟﻨﻮع ﻣﻦ اﻷﺑﺤﺎث ﺣﻴـﺚ وﺻﻠﺖ اﻟﺪ ﻗﺔ اﻟﺰاوﻳـﺔ إﱃ 0.05 ﺛﺎﻧﻴﺔ ﻗﻮﺳﻴﺔ وﻫـﻮ ﻣـﺎ ﻳﻌـﺎدل اﻟﺘﻤﻴﻴـﺰ ﺑـ ﻋﻤﻠﺔ ﻣﻌﺪﻧﻴـﺔ ﻣـﻦ ﻓﺌـﺔ ﻳﻮرو واﺣﺪة ﻋﲆ ﺑﻌﺪ 100 ﻛﻴﻠـﻮﻣﱰ . وﺑﻬـﺬه اﻟﺪﻗـﺔ ﺗﻤﻜﻦ اﻟﻌﻠﻤﺎء ﻣـﻦ رﺻـﺪ ﻫﻴﺎﻛﻞ ﺻﻐ ة ﻻ ﻳﺘﺠﺎوز ﺣﺠﻤﻬ ـﺎ 2 أﻟــﻒ وﺣ ـﺪة ﻓﻠﻜﻴﺔ، وﺗﺤﺪﻳـ ﺪ 70 ﻧـﻮاة ﻛﺜﻴﻔــﺔ داﺧــﻞ أرﺑﻌــﺔ ﺗﺠﻤﻌـﺎت أوﻟﻴـﺔ ﻧﺠﻤﻴـﺔ ﺗﻘﻊ ﻋﲆ ﺑﻌـﺪ 160 أﻟـﻒ . ﺳﻨﺔ ﺿﻮﺋﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﺘﺤﻘﻖ ﻣﻦ ﻃﺒﻴﻌ ــﺔ ﻫــﺬه اﻟﺒﻨ ــﻰ واﺳﺘﺒﻌﺎد اﻟﺘﺪاﺧﻞ اﻟﻨـﺎﺗﺞ ﻋﻦ اﻟﻐﺎز ا ﺘﺄﻳﻦ وﻫﻮ ﺗﺤﺪٍ ﺗﻘﻊ ﻋﲆ ﺑﻌـﺪ 160 أﻟـﻒ ﺷﺎﺋﻊ ﰲ اﻟﺒﻴﺌﺎت اﻟﻨﺸﻄﺔ دﻣﺞ اﻟﻔﺮﻳﻖ ﺑﻴﺎﻧﺎت ﻣﺮﺻﺪ أ ﺎ ﻣﻊ أرﺻـﺎد ﻣـﻦ ﺗﻠﺴـﻜﻮب ﻫﺎﺑـﻞ وﺟﻴﻤﺲ وﻳﺐ واﻟﺘﻲ أﻛﺪت ﺑـﺪورﻫﺎ أن ﻫـﺬه اﻟﻨﻮى ﻣﺎ ﺗﺰال ﰲ ﻣﺮاﺣﻠﻬﺎ ا ﺒﻜﺮة ﻣﻦ اﻟﺘﻄﻮر . و ﻗﺎل أﻟﻴﻜﺴﻴﻮ ﺗﺮاﻓﻜﺎﻧﺘﻲ اﻟﺒﺎﺣﺚ اﻟﺮﺋﻴﴘ ﰲ اﻟﺪراﺳﺔ :» ﻧﺤﻦ ﻣﺘﺤﻤﺴﻮن ﻟﻠﻐﺎﻳـﺔ ﻟﻠﻨﺘـﺎﺋﺞ اﻟﺘﻲ ﺣﻘﻘﻨﺎﻫﺎ . ﺑﻔﻀﻞ ﻣﺮﺻﺪ أ ﺎ أﺻﺒﺢ ﻣـﻦ ﺷﺒﻪ اﻟﺮوﺗﻴﻨـﻲ دراﺳـﺔ ﻛﺘـﻞ اﻟﻨـﻮى داﺧـﻞ ﻣﺠﺮﺗﻨﺎ، ﻣﻤﺎ ﻳﺸ إﱃ أن ﻛ ﺘﻠـﺔ ﻫـﺬه اﻟﻨـﻮى ﺗﺘﻄﻮر ﺑﻤﺮور اﻟﻮﻗـﺖ ﺧﺼﻮﺻـﺎً ﰲ ا ﻨـﺎﻃﻖ ﻋﺎﻟﻴﺔ اﻟﻜﺘﻠﺔ . « وأﺿﺎف أن ﻧﻘﻞ ﻫﺬا ا ﻟﻨﻮع ﻣﻦ اﻟﺪراﺳﺎت إﱃ ﺧﺎرج ﻣﺠـﺮة درب اﻟﺘﺒﺎﻧـﺔ ﻟـﻢ ﻳﻜـﻦ ﻣﻄﺮوﺣـﺎً ﺳــﺎﺑﻘﺎً، ﺑﺴـﺒﺐ ا ﺘﻄﻠﺒـﺎت اﻟﻌﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﺟﺪاً ﻣﻦ ﺣﻴـﺚ اﻟﺪﻗـﺔ واﻟﺤﺴﺎﺳـﻴﺔ . أﻇﻬﺮت اﻟﻨﺘـﺎﺋﺞ أن ﺗﻮزﻳـﻊ اﻟﻜﺘﻠـﺔ ﰲ ﻫـﺬه اﻟﻨﻮى ﻳﺘﺒﻊ ﻧﻤﻄﺎً ﻣﺸﺎﺑﻬﺎً ﺎ ﻳُﻼﺣـﻆ داﺧـﻞ ﻣﺠـﺮة درب اﻟﺘﺒ ﺎﻧـﺔ وﻣﺘﻮاﻓﻘـﺎً ﻣـﻊ ﻗـﺎﻧﻮن ﺳﺎﻟﺒﻴﱰ رﻏﻢ اﺧﺘﻼف اﻟﻈﺮو ف اﻟﺒﻴﺌﻴﺔ ﺑﺸﻜﻞ ﻛﺒ داﺧﻞ ﺳﺤﺎﺑﺔ ﻣﺎﺟﻼن اﻟﻜـﱪى، ﺑﻤـ ﺎ ﰲ ذﻟـﻚ اﻧﺨﻔـﺎض ا ﺤﺘـﻮى ا ﻌـﺪﻧﻲ وﺗﺒ ـﺎﻳﻦ اﻻﺿﻄﺮاﺑﺎت اﻟﻐﺎزﻳﺔ وارﺗﻔﺎع ﻣﺴﺘﻮى اﻟﺘﺄﻳﻦ ﰲ اﻟﻮﺳﻂ ﺑ اﻟﻨﺠﻤﻲ . ﰲ اﻟﻮﺳـﻂ ﺑـ اﻟﻨﺠﻤـﻲ . وﻣـﻦ اﻟﻼﻓـﺖ أن ا ﺮاﺣﻞ ا ﺒﻜﺮة ﻟﺘﺸﻜﻞ اﻟﻨﻮى ﺗﺒﺪو ﻣﺴـﺘﻘﻠﺔ ﻧﺴ ﺒﻴﺎً ﻋﻦ اﻟﺒﻴﺌﺔ ا ﺠﺮﻳﺔ ا ﺤﻴﻄﺔ ﻣﺎ ﻳﺸ إﱃ أن ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺗﺠﺰؤ اﻟﺴﺤﺐ اﻟﺠﺰﻳﺌﻴﺔ ﻗﺪ ﺗﻜـﻮن ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﻋﺎ ﻴﺔ إﱃ ﺣﺪ ﻛﺒ . ﺗﺸ اﻟﺪراﺳـﺔ إﱃ أن اﻟﻨﻮى اﻟﻨﺠﻤﻴـﺔ ﺗﺴـﺘﻤﺮ ﰲ ﺗـﺮاﻛﻢ ا ـﺎدة ﺑﻤﺮور اﻟﻮﻗﺖ ﺑﻐﺾ اﻟﻨﻈﺮ ﻋﻦ ﺑﻴﺌﺘﻬﺎ وﻫﻮ ﻣﺎ ﻗﺪ ﻳﻔﴪ اﻟﺘﺸﺎﺑﻪ ﺑ أﻧﻤﺎط ﺗﺸﻜﻞ اﻟﻨﺠﻮم ﰲ ﻣﺠﺮات ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ وﻳﻤﺜﻞ ﻫﺬا اﻟﻌﻤـﻞ ا ـﺮﺗﺒﻂ ﺑﱪاﻣﺞ ﺮﺻﺪ أ ﺎ ﻣ اﻟﻜـﱪى ﻣﺜـﻞ أ ـﺎ ) آي إم - إف أ ـﺎ ) و( أ ﺎﻏـﺎل - ( ﺧﻄـﻮة ﻣﻬﻤـﺔ ﻧﺤـﻮ اﺧﺘﺒﺎر ﻣﺎ إذا ﻛﺎﻧﺖ اﻟﻘﻮاﻧ اﻟﻔﻴﺰﻳﺎﺋﻴﺔ اﻟﺘـﻲ ﺗﺤﻜﻢ وﻻدة اﻟﻨﺠﻮم ﺛﺎﺑﺘﺔ ﻋﱪ اﻟﻜﻮن . ﻛﻤﺎ أن ﻫـﺬه اﻟﻨﺘـﺎﺋﺞ ﺗﺴـﻬﻢ ﰲ ﺑﻨـﺎء إﻃـﺎر ﻧﻈﺮي أﻛﺜﺮ ﺷـﻤﻮﻻً ﻳـﺮﺑﻂ ﺑـ ا ﻼﺣﻈـﺎت اﻟﺮﺻــﺪﻳﺔ واﻟﻨﻤــﺎذج اﻟﺤﺎﺳــﻮﺑﻴﺔ ﻟﺘﻜــﻮّن اﻟﻨ . ﺠﻮم ﻓﻔﻬﻢ ﺗﻮزﻳﻊ اﻟﻜﺘﻞ ﰲ اﻟﻨﻮى اﻟﻜﺜﻴﻔﺔ ﻳﺴﺎﻋﺪ ﻋﲆ ﺗﻔﺴ ﻛﻴﻔﻴﺔ ﺗﺤﻮل اﻟﺴـﺤﺐ إﱃ ﻧﺠﻮم ﻓﺮدﻳﺔ أو ﺗﺠﻤﻌﺎت ﻧﺠﻤﻴﺔ ﺿﺨﻤﺔ . ﻛﻤﺎ ﻳﺘﻴﺢ ﻣﻘﺎرﻧ ﺔ ﻣﺒـﺎﴍة ﺑـ ﺑﻴﺌـﺎت ﻣﺠﺮﻳـﺔ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ ﻣﻤﺎ ﻳﻮﺿـﺢ ﻣـﺪى ﺗـﺄﺛ اﻟﻌﻮاﻣـﻞ ا ﺤﻠﻴﺔ ﻣﺜـﻞ اﻟﻜﺜﺎﻓـﺔ واﻟﺤـﺮارة واﻟﱰﻛﻴـﺐ ا ﺤﻠﻴﺔ ﻣﺜـﻞ اﻟﻜﺜﺎﻓـﺔ واﻟﺤـﺮارة واﻟﱰﻛﻴـﺐ اﻟﻜﻴﻤﻴﺎﺋﻲ ﻋﲆ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ اﻟﺘﺸﻜﻞ . وﺗـﻮﻓﺮ ﻫـﺬه اﻟﺪراﺳﺎت أﻳﻀﺎً أﺳﺎﺳﺎً ﻟﺘﻄﻮﻳﺮ أدوات رﺻـﺪ أﻛﺜﺮ دﻗﺔ ﰲ ا ﺴﺘﻘﺒﻞ . ﻛﻤﺎ أن ﺗﻮﺳﻴﻊ ﻧﻄـﺎق ﻫـﺬه اﻷﺑﺤـﺎث ﻧﺤـﻮ ﻣﺠـﺮات أﺑﻌـﺪ ﻳ ﺘــﻴﺢ اﺧﺘﺒـﺎر ﻣـﺎ إذا ﻛﺎﻧـﺖ اﻟﻘﻮاﻧ اﻟﻔﻴﺰﻳﺎﺋﻴﺔ ﻧﻔﺴﻬﺎ ﺗﻨﻄﺒﻖ ﰲ ﺟ ﻤﻴـﻊ اﻟﺒﻴﺌﺎت اﻟﻜﻮﻧﻴـﺔ دون اﺳـﺘﺜﻨﺎء أم أن ﻫﻨـﺎك اﺧﺘﻼﻓﺎت دﻗﻴﻘﺔ ﻣﺮﺗﺒﻄﺔ ﺑﺘﺎرﻳﺦ ﻛﻞ ﻣﺠـﺮة وﻇﺮوﻓﻬـﺎ ا ﺤﻠﻴـﺔ وﻳﺴـﺎﻋﺪ ذﻟـﻚ أﻳﻀـﺎً ﰲ ﺗﺤﺴ ﻧﻤﺎذج ا ﺤﺎﻛﺎة اﻟﻌﺪدﻳﺔ اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﻌﺘﻤـﺪ ﻋﲆ اﻓﱰاﺿﺎت ﺣﻮل ﺗﻄﻮر اﻟﺴﺤﺐ اﻟﻐﺎزﻳـﺔ واﻧﻬﻴ ﺎرﻫﺎ اﻟﺠﺎذﺑﻲ ﻣﻤﺎ ﻳﺴﺎﻫﻢ ﰲ ﻓﻬﻢ أﻋﻤﻖ ﻟﺪورة ا ﺎدة ﰲ اﻟﻜﻮن وﺗﺤﺪﻳﺪ اﻟﻌﻮاﻣﻞ ا ﺆﺛﺮة ﰲ ﻣﻌﺪﻻت اﻟﻮﻻدة اﻟﻨﺠﻤﻴﺔ وﺗﻄـﻮر ا ﺠـﺮات ﻋﲆ ﻣﺪى ﻣﻠﻴﺎرات اﻟﺴﻨ . ﻛﻤﺎ ﻳﻔﺘﺢ اﻟﺒﺎب أﻣﺎم دراﺳﺔ ﻣﻨﻬﺠﻴﺔ ﻟﺘﻜﻮّن اﻟﻨﺠﻮم ﰲ ﻣﺠﺮات أﺧﺮى ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪام ﺗﻘﻨﻴـﺎت ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﺗُﻄﺒﻖ ﺳﺎﺑﻘﺎً داﺧﻞ ﻣﺠﺮة درب اﻟﺘ ﺒﺎﻧـﺔ ﻓﻘﻂ، ﻣﻤﺎ ﻳﻌﺰز ﻓﻬﻤﻨﺎ ﻟﻜﻴﻔﻴﺔ ﺗﺸﻜﻞ اﻟﻨﺠﻮم ﰲ ﺑﻴﺌﺎت ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ ﻋﱪ اﻟﻜﻮن . - ﻳﻮﻟﻴﻮ ﺃﻏﺴﻄﺲ 2 0 2 6 ﺗـــﻢ ــــﻮّن اﻟﻨﺠـــﻮم ﺗﺼـــﻮﻳﺮﻣﻨﻄﻘــــﺔ ﺗ 30 دورادوس اﻟﻤﻌﺮوﻓــــﺔ ﺎﺳــــﻢﺳـــﺪ ﻢ اﻟﻌﻨﻜﺒــــﻮت ــــﺎﻣ ا ﻫﻨــــﺎ ﺘﻔﺎﺻـــﻴﻞ دﻗ ﻘــــﺔ ﺑﻮاﺳــــﻄﺔ اﻷﺷﻌﺔ ﺗﺤﺖ اﻟ ـ ﻤﺮاء اﻟﻘﺮ ﺔ اﻟﺘ ﺎ ﻌﺔ ﻟﺘﻠﺴ ﻮبﺟ ﻤﺲو ﺐ اﻟﻔﻀﺎﺋﻲ ـاﻟ ﻤﺘﺪ ﺗ. ﺤﺎﻓﺔ اﻷﻓﻘ ﺔ ﻟﻬﺬﻩ اﻟﺼﻮرة ﻟﻤﺴﺎﻓﺔ 340 ﺳـﻨﺔ .ﺎً ﺿﻮﺋ ﺔ ﺗﻘﺮ [NASA, ESA, CSA, STScI, Webb ERO Production Team]