Free Astronomy Magazine May-June 2026 ARABIC VERSION

A Compellingevidence of a star collapsing directly into a blackhole byKeckObservatory stronomersusingW.M.Keck ObservatoryonMaunakea, Hawai ‘ iIslandcontributed keyobservationstotheidentifica- tionofararestellardeathinwhich amassivestarappearstohavecol- lapsed directly into a black hole without first exploding as a super- nova. The event occurred in the Andromeda galaxy and provides strong observational support for a long-theorizedbutrarelyconfirmed route to black hole formation. The study, led by researchers at Co- lumbiaUniversity,combinesarchival space-based data with targeted ground-based follow-up observa- tions from multiple observatories. “This has probably been the most surprisingdiscoveryofmylife,” said Kishalay De, professor of astronomy at Columbia University and lead au- thor of the study. “The evidence of the disappearance of the star was lyinginpublicarchivaldata,andno- body noticed it for years until we picked it out.” The object, designated M31-2014- DS1,wasasupergiantstarlocated about 2.5 million light-years from Earth in the Andromeda galaxy. When it formed, the star was roughly 13 times the mass of the Sun.Overitslifetime,powerfulstel- lar winds stripped away much of thatmass,leavingitwithaboutfive times the mass of the Sun at the endofitslife.Archivalobservations from NASA’s NEOWISE mission re- vealed that the star gradually brightened in infrared light over severalyearsbeforefadingdramat- ically and disappearing from view. Unlike a typical supernova, the event showed no evidence of a powerful outward explosion. In- stead, it left behind a shell of dust and a faint infrared glow. “Thedramaticandsustainedfading ofthisstarisveryunusual,andsug- gests a supernova failed to occur, leadingtothecollapseofthestar’s coredirectlyintoablackhole,” De said.Tobetterconstrainthenature of the event, the team conducted follow-up observations using the Near-Infrared Echellette Spectro- graph(NIRES)ontheKeckIITele- scope, with observing time awarded via the NASA-Keck partnership. Prior to the Keck observations,there were no ground-based infra- red spectra of the source at suffi- cient sensitivity to test whether the star had truly faded at infrared wavelengths. NIRES is optimized for studying extremely faint infrared sourcesandisparticularlywell MAY-JUNE2026 ﻣﺠﻠﺔ FreeAstronomy ﺎﻟﻌﺮ ﺔ 4 : ﻘﻠﻢ ﻣﺮﺻﺪ ﻛ ﻚ ﺳـﺎﻫﻢ ﻋﻠﻤـﺎء اﻟﻔﻠـﻚ اﻟـﺬﻳﻦ ﻳﺴـﺘﺨﺪﻣﻮن ﻣﺮﺻﺪ ﻛﻴـﻚ ﻋـﲆ ﺟﺒـﻞ ﻣﻮﻧﺎﻛﻴـﺎ ﰲ ﺟﺰﻳـﺮة ﻫﺎواي ﺑﻤﻼﺣﻈﺎت أﺳﺎﺳﻴﺔ ﰲ اﻟﺘﻌـﺮف ﻋـﲆ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ ﻧﺎدرة ﻮت ﻧﺠﻢ ﺣﻴـﺚ ﻳﺒـﺪو أن ﻧﺠﻤـ ﺎً ﺿﺨﻤًﺎ اﻧﻬﺎر ﻣﺒﺎﴍة وﺗﺤﻮل إﱃ ﺛﻘﺐ أﺳـﻮد دون أن ﻳﻨﻔﺠﺮ أوﻻً ﻛﻤﺴﺘﻌﺮ أﻋﻈـﻢ . ﺣـﺪث ﻫﺬا اﻟﺤﺪث ﰲ ﻣ ﺠﺮة أﻧﺪروﻣﻴﺪا وﻳﻘﺪم دﻋﻤـﺎً ﺎً ﻗﻮﻳ ﺎً رﺻﺪﻳ ﺴـﺎر ﻃﻮﻳـﻞ ﻣـﻦ اﻟﻨﻈﺮﻳـ ﺎت ة ﻧﺎدر اﻟﺘﺤﻘﻖ ﻟﺘﺸﻜ ﻞ اﻟﺜﻘﻮب اﻟﺴﻮداء . ﻗﺎد ا ﻟﺪراﺳﺔ ﺑﺎﺣﺜﻮن ﻣﻦ ﺟﺎﻣﻌـﺔ ﻛﻮﻟﻮﻣﺒﻴـﺎ وﺟﻤﻌﺖ ﺑ ﺑﻴﺎﻧﺎت أرﺷﻴﻔﻴﺔ ﻣـﺄﺧﻮذة ﻣـﻦ اﻟﻔﻀـﺎء وﻣﺮﺻـﻮدة ﺎً ﺳـﺎﺑﻘ ﻣ ـﻊ ﻣﺘﺎﺑﻌ ـﺔ ﻣﺴﺘﻬﺪﻓﺔ ﻣﻦ اﻷرض ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼل ﻋﺪة ﻣﺮاﺻﺪ . ﻗﺎل ﻛﻴﺸﺎﻻي دي أﺳﺘﺎذ ﻋﻠﻢ اﻟﻔﻠﻚ ﰲ ﺟﺎﻣﻌﺔ ﻛﻮﻟﻮﻣﺒﻴﺎ وا ﺆﻟﻒ اﻟﺮﺋﻴﴘ ﻟﻠ ﺪراﺳـﺔ رﺑﻤـﺎ ”: ﻛــﺎن ﻫـﺬا أﻛﺜ ـﺮ اﻻﻛﺘﺸـﺎﻓﺎت ا ﻔﺎﺟﺌ ـﺔ ﰲ . ﺣﻴﺎﺗﻲ اﻷدﻟـﺔ ﻋـﲆ اﺧﺘﻔـﺎء اﻟـﻨﺠﻢ ﻛﺎﻧـﺖ ﻣﻮﺟﻮ دة ﰲ اﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎت اﻷرﺷﻴﻔﻴﺔ وﻟﻢ ﻳﻼﺣﻈﻬﺎ أﺣﺪ ﻟﺴﻨﻮات ﺣﺘﻰ اﻛﺘﺸﻔﻨﺎﻫﺎ ﻧﺤﻦ ". اﻟﻨﺠﻢ ا ﻌﺮف ﺑﺎﻟﺮﻣﺰ M31-2014-DS1 ﻛﺎن ﺎً ﻧﺠﻤ ﺎً ﻋﻤﻼﻗ ﻓﺎﺋﻖ اﻟﺤﺠﻢ ﻳﻘﻊ ﻋﲆ ﺑﻌﺪ ﻧﺤﻮ 2.5 ﻣﻠﻴﻮن ﺳﻨﺔ ﺿﻮﺋﻴﺔ ﻣﻦ اﻷر ض ﰲ ﻣﺠﺮة أﻧﺪروﻣﻴﺪا . ﻟﻘﺪ ﻛﺎن اﻟﻨﺠﻢ ﻋﻨﺪ ﺗﻜﻮﻳﻨﻪ ﻳﻘﺎرب 13 ﺿـﻌﻒ ﻛﺘﻠـﺔ اﻟﺸــﻤﺲ وﺧـﻼل ﺣﻴﺎﺗــﻪ ـــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــ أدﻟﺔ ﻗﻮ ﺔ ﻋﻠﻰاﻧﻬ ﺎرﻧ ﻢ وﺗﺤﻮﻟﮫ إﻟﻰﺛﻘﺐ أﺳﻮد ﻗﺎﻣﺖ اﻟﺮﻳﺎح اﻟﻨﺠﻤﻴﺔ اﻟﻘﻮﻳـﺔ ﺑﺠـﺮف ﺟـﺰء ﻛﺒ ﻣﻦ ﻛﺘﻠﺘﻪ ﻟﻴﺒﻘﻰ ﰲ ﻧﻬﺎﻳﺔ ﺣﻴﺎﺗﻪ ﺑﻜﺘﻠـﺔ ﺗﻘـﺎرب ﺧﻤﺴــﺔ أﺿـﻌﺎف ﻛﺘﻠ ـﺔ اﻟﺸـﻤﺲ . ﻛﺸﻔﺖ اﻷرﺻﺎد اﻷرﺷﻴﻔﻴﺔ ﻣﻦ ﻣﻬﻤﺔ ﻧﻴﻮواﻳﺰ اﻟﺘﺎﺑﻌﺔ ﻟﻮﻛﺎ ﻟﺔ ﻧﺎﺳﺎ أن اﻟﻨﺠﻢ ﻗﺪ ازداد إﴍاﻗ ﺎً ﺗﺪرﻳﺠﻴ ﺎً ﰲ ﺿﻮء اﻷﺷﻌﺔ ﺗﺤﺖ اﻟﺤﻤﺮاء ﻋـﲆ ﻣﺪى ﻋﺪة ﺳـﻨﻮات ﻗﺒـﻞ أن ﻳـﺘﻼﳽ ﺑﺸـﻜﻞ دراﻣﺎﺗﻴﻜﻲ وﻳﺨﺘﻔﻲ ﻋﻦ اﻷﻧﻈﺎر وﻋﲆ ﻋﻜﺲ ا ﺴﺘﻌﺮ اﻷﻋﻈﻢ اﻟﺘﻘﻠﻴﺪي ﻟﻢ ﻳﻈﻬﺮ اﻟﺤﺪث أي دﻟﻴﻞ ﻋﲆ اﻧﻔﺠﺎر ﻗﻮي ﻧﺤﻮ اﻟﺨﺎرج وﺑﺪﻻً ﻣﻦ ذﻟﻚ ﺗﺮك ﺧﻠﻔﻪ ﻗ ـ ﴩة ﻣـﻦ اﻟﻐﺒـﺎر وﺗﻮﻫﺠـ ﺎً ﺎً ﺿﻌﻴﻔ ﰲ اﻷﺷﻌﺔ ﺗﺤﺖ اﻟﺤﻤﺮاء . ": ﻗﺎل دي اﻟﺘﻼﳾ اﻟـﺪراﻣﻲ وا ﺴـﺘﻤﺮ ﻟﻬـﺬا اﻟﻨﺠﻢ أﻣﺮ ﻏ ﻣﺄﻟﻮف ﻟﻠﻐﺎﻳـﺔ وﻳﺸـ إﱃ أن ا ﺴﺘﻌﺮ اﻷﻋﻈﻢ ﻣﻤﺎ ﺤﺪثﻳ ﻟﻢ أدى إﱃ اﻧﻬﻴﺎر ﻧﻮاة اﻟﻨﺠﻢ وﺗﺤﻮﻟﻪ ﻣﺒﺎﴍة إﱃ ﺛﻘﺐ أﺳـ ". ﻮد ﻟﻔﻬﻢ ﻃﺒﻴﻌﺔ اﻟﺤـﺪث ﺑﺸـﻜﻞ أﻓﻀـﻞ أﺟـﺮى اﻟﻔﺮﻳﻖ أرﺻﺎد ﻣﺘﺎﺑﻌـﺔ ﺑﺎﺳـﺘﺨﺪام ﻣﻘﻴـﺎس اﻟﻄﻴﻒ اﻟﻘﺮﻳﺐ ﻣﻦ ﺗﺤﺖ اﻟﺤﻤﺮاء ﻧـ ﻳﺲ ) ( ﻋﲆ ﺗﻠﺴﻜﻮب ﻛﻴﻚ 2 ﻣﻊ اﻟﺤﺼﻮل ﻋﲆ وﻗـﺖ اﻟﺮﺻﺪ ﻋﱪﴍاﻛﺔ ﻧﺎﺳﺎ . ﻛﻴﻚ- ﻗﺒﻞ أرﺻﺎد ﻴﻚﻛ ﻣﺮﺻﺪ ﻟﻢ ﺗﻜﻦ ﻫﻨﺎك أﻃﻴﺎف ﺗﺤﺖ ﺣﻤـﺮاء أرﺿـﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﺼـﺪر ﺑﺤﺴﺎﺳـﻴﺔ ﻛﺎﻓﻴ ــﺔ ﻻﺧﺘﺒ ــﺎر ﻣ ــﺎ إذا ﻛ ــﺎن اﻟ ــﻨﺠﻢ ـــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــ ﻗﺪ ﺗﻼﳽ ﺑﺎﻟﻔﻌﻞ ﻋﻨﺪ أﻃـﻮال ﻣﻮﺟﻴـﺔ ﺗﺤـﺖ ﻌﺪﻳ. ﺣﻤﺮاء ﻣﻘﻴﺎس اﻟﻄﻴﻒ ﻧ ﻳﺲ ) ( ﺎً ﻣﺜﺎﻟﻴـ ﻟﺪراﺳﺔ ا ﺼﺎدر اﻟﻀﻌﻴ ﻔﺔ ﻟﻠﻐﺎﻳﺔ ﰲ اﻷﺷـﻌﺔ ﺗﺤ ـﺖ اﻟﺤﻤ ـﺮاء وﻣﻨﺎﺳـﺒ ﺎً ﺑﺸ ـﻜﻞ ﺧ ـﺎ ص ﻻﺳﺘﻜﺸـﺎف ﺑﻘﺎﻳـﺎ اﻟﻨﺠـﻮم اﻟﻐﺒﺎرﻳـﺔ وﻗـﺪ وﺿﻌﺖ اﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎت اً ﺣﺪود ﻣﻬﻤـﺔ ﻋـﲆ درﺟـﺔ اﻟﺤﺮارة، واﻟﱰﻛﻴﺐ وﺗﻄﻮر ا ﺎدة ا ﺘﺒﻘﻴﺔ ﺑﻌﺪ اﺧﺘﻔﺎء اﻟﻨﺠﻢ ﺑﻤﺎ ﰲ ذﻟﻚ اﻻﻧﺒﻌﺎﺛﺎت اﻟﻀﻌﻴﻔﺔ ﻣ ــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــﻦ - ﻣﺎﻳﻮ ﻳﻮﻧﻴﻮ 2 0 2 6