Free Astronomy Magazine May-June 2026 ARABIC VERSION

suited to probing dusty stellar rem- nants. The data placed important limits on the temperature, composi- tion, and evolution of the material left behind after the star disap- peared, including faint emissionfrom material expelled by the star, helping rule out alternative expla- nations such as an unusual super- novaorintrinsicstellarvariability. “ItwasonlywithKeck’ssensitivityin thenearinfraredthatwecouldcon- firm the star had truly faded at all wavelengths,” De said. “Even with NIRES, the source was barely de- tected,whichallowedustoruleout normal hints of stellar variability or dust obscuration and strengthened the case that the star had genuine- ly disappeared.” The Keck observations were ana- lyzed alongside data from space- basedtelescopesandotherground- based facilities as part of a coordi- nated, multi-wavelength campaign. Astronomers have long known that black holes originate from massive stars, but direct observational evi- dence of that transformation has been scarce. While gravitational- wave detections have revealed black hole mergers across the uni- verse, they do not show how those black holes initially formed. Only one other candidate direct-col- lapse event has been reported pre- viously,butitwassignificantlymore distant and fainter, leaving its inter- pretation uncertain. The relative proximity of Andromeda and the quality of the available data make M31-2014-DS1 a particularly com- pelling case. “We’ve known that black holes must come from stars,” said Morgan MacLeod, lecturer in astronomy at Harvard Universityand co-author of the study. “With events like this, we’re getting to watch it happen, and are learning a huge amount about how thatprocess works along the way.” The findings suggest that direct col- lapse may be a more common out- come for massive stars than pre- viously assumed. Future infrared surveys, combined with sensitive ground-based facilities like Keck Observatory, are expected to un- cover additional examples and fur- ther clarify the physical conditions that determine how massive stars endtheirlives.     MAY-JUNE2026 5 ﻣﺠﻠﺔ FreeAstronomy ﺎﻟﻌﺮ ﺔ ﻣﻦ ا ﺎدة اﻟﺘﻲ ﻃُﺮدت ﺑﻮاﺳـﻄﺔ اﻟـﻨﺠﻢ ﻣﻤـﺎ ﺳﺎﻋﺪ ﻋﲆ اﺳـﺘﺒﻌﺎد ﺗﻔﺴـ ات ﺑﺪﻳﻠـﺔ ﻣﺜـﻞ ﻣﺴ ﺘﻌﺮ أﻋﻈﻢ ﻏ ﻋﺎدي أو ﺗﻐ ات ﻧﺠﻮﻣﻴـﺔ داﺧﻠﻴﺔ . ": ﻗﺎل دي ﻟﻢ ﻧـﺘﻤﻜﻦ ﻣـﻦ ﺗﺄﻛﻴـﺪ أن اﻟﻨﺠﻢ ﻗﺪ ﺗﻼﳽ ﰲ ﺟﻤﻴﻊ اﻷﻃﻮال ا ﻮﺟﻴﺔ إﻻ ﺑﻔﻀـﻞ ﺣﺴ ﺎﺳـﻴﺔ ﻛ ﻴ ـﻚ ﰲ اﻷﺷـﻌﺔ ﺗﺤـﺖ اﻟﺤﻤﺮاء وﺣﺘﻰ ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪام ﻣﻘﻴـﺎس اﻟﻄﻴـﻒ ﻧ ﻳﺲ ) ( ﻛﺎن ا ﺼﺪر ﺑﺎﻟﻜﺎد ﻳ ﻜﺘﺸـﻒ ﻣﻤـﺎ ــــــــــــــــ ــــ ﺳﻤﺢ ﻟﻨﺎ ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺒﻌﺎد ﻋﻼﻣﺎت اﻟﺘﻐ ا ﻟﻄﺒﻴﻌـﻲ ﻟﻠﻨﺠﻢ أو اﻟﺘﻌﺘﻴﻢ ﺑﺎﻟﻐﺒﺎر وﻋ ﺰز اﻟﻘﻀﻴﺔ ﺑـﺄن اﻟﻨﺠﻢ ﻗﺪ اﺧﺘﻔﻰ ﺑﺎﻟﻔﻌﻞ ." ﺗﻢ ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻞ أرﺻـﺎد ﻴـﻚ ﻛ ﻣﺮﺻﺪ ﻣـﻊ ﺑﻴﺎﻧـﺎت ﻣـﻦ ﺗﻠﺴـﻜﻮﺑ ﺎت ﻓﻀﺎﺋﻴﺔ وﻣﺮاﻓﻖ أرﺿﻴﺔ أﺧـﺮى ﻛﺠـﺰء ﻣـﻦ ﺣﻤﻠـﺔ ﻣﻨﺴـﻘﺔ ﻣﺘﻌـﺪدة اﻷﻃـﻮال ا ﻮﺟﻴـﺔ . ﻳﻌـﺮف ﻋﻠﻤـﺎء اﻟﻔﻠـﻚ ﻣﻨـﺬ زﻣـﻦ ﻃﻮﻳـﻞ أن اﻟﺜﻘﻮب اﻟﺴﻮداء ﺗﻨﺸﺄ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻨﺠﻮم اﻟﻀـﺨﻤﺔ ـــ ــــــــــــــــــــــــــ ﻟﻜﻦ اﻷدﻟﺔ اﻟﺮﺻﺪﻳﺔ ا ﺒﺎﴍة ﻋﲆ ﻫ ﺬا اﻟﺘﺤﻮل ﻛﺎﻧـﺖ ﻧـﺎدرة . وﺑﻴﻨﻤـﺎ ﻛﺸـﻔﺖ اﻛﺘﺸـﺎﻓﺎت ﻣﻮﺟﺎت اﻟﺠﺎذﺑﻴـﺔ ﻋـﻦ اﻧـﺪﻣﺎﺟﺎت ﻟﻠﺜ ﻘـﻮب اﻟﺴﻮداء ﰲ ﺟﻤﻴـﻊ أﻧﺤـﺎء اﻟﻜـﻮن إﻻ أﻧﻬـﺎ ﻻ ﺗ ﻈﻬﺮ ﻛﻴﻒ ﺗﺸﻜ ﻠﺖ ﺗﻠﻚ اﻟﺜﻘﻮب اﻟﺴـﻮ داء ﰲ اﻟﺒﺪاﻳﺔ . ﺗﻢ اﻹﺑﻼغ ﺳﺎﺑﻘ ﻋﻦ ﺎً ﺣـﺪث ﻣﺮﺷـﺢ واﺣﺪ ﻟﻼﻧﻬﻴﺎر ا ﺒﺎﴍ ﻟﻜﻨﻪ ﻛﺎن أﺑﻌـﺪ ﺑﻜﺜـ وأﺿﻌﻒ ﻣﻤﺎ ﺟﻌﻞ ﺗﻔﺴ ه ﻏ ﻣﺆﻛﺪ . إن اﻟﻘﺮب اﻟﻨﺴﺒﻲ ﺠـﺮة أﻧﺪروﻣﻴـﺪا وﺟـﻮدة اﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎت ﺗﺠﻌﻞ ﻣﻦ M31-2014-DS1 ﺣﺎﻟـﺔ ﻣﻘﻨﻌﺔ ﺑﺸﻜﻞ ﺧﺎص . ﻗﺎل ﻣﻮرﻏﺎن ﻣﺎﻛﻠﻴﻮد ا ﺤﺎﴐﰲ ﻋﻠﻢ اﻟﻔﻠـﻚ ﺑﺠﺎ ﻣﻌﺔ ﻫﺎرﻓﺎرد وﻣﺸﺎرك ﰲ اﻟﺪراﺳﺔ ﻟﻘﺪ ": ﻋﺮﻓﻨﺎ أن اﻟﺜﻘﻮ ب اﻟﺴﻮداء ﻳﺠﺐ أن ﺗﺄﺗﻲ ﻣـﻦ اﻟﻨﺠﻮم و ﻣﻊ أﺣـﺪاث ﻣﺜـﻞ ﻫـﺬا ﺣﻴـﺚ ﻧـﺮى اﻟﻌﻤ ﻠﻴﺔ ﺗﺤﺪث أﻣﺎم أﻋﻴﻨﻨﺎ وﻧﺘﻌﻠﻢ ﻗﺪر اً ﻛﺒ اً ﻋﻦ ﻛﻴﻔﻴﺔ ﺳ ﻫﺬه اﻟﻌﻤﻠﻴﺔ ." ﺗﺸ اﻟﻨﺘﺎﺋﺞ إﱃ أن اﻻﻧﻬﻴﺎر ا ﺒﺎﴍ ﻗﺪ ﻳﻜﻮن ﻧﺘﻴﺠﺔ أﻛﺜﺮ ﺷﻴﻮﻋ ﻟﻠ ﺎً ﻨﺠﻮم اﻟﻀﺨﻤﺔ ﻣﻤﺎ ﻛﺎن ﻳﻔـﱰضﺳـﺎﺑﻘ . ﺎً ﻣـﻦ ا ﺘﻮﻗـﻊ أن ﺗﻜﺸـﻒ ا ﺴﻮﺣﺎت ا ﺴﺘﻘﺒﻠﻴﺔ ﺑﺎﻷﺷﻌﺔ ﺗﺤﺖ اﻟﺤﻤﺮاء ﺎً ﺟﻨﺒ إﱃ ﺟﻨﺐ ﻣﻊ ﻣﺮاﻓـﻖ أرﺿـﻴﺔ ﺣﺴﺎﺳـﺔ ﻣﺜﻞ ﻣﺮﺻﺪ ﻛﻴ ﻚ ﻋﻦ أﻣﺜﻠﺔ إﺿﺎﻓﻴﺔ وﺗﻮﺿـﺢ أﻛﺜﺮ اﻟﻈﺮوف اﻟﻔﻴﺰﻳﺎﺋﻴﺔ اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﺤـﺪد ﻛﻴﻔﻴـﺔ ﻧﻬﺎﻳﺔ ﺣﻴﺎة اﻟﻨﺠﻮم اﻟﻀﺨﻤﺔ . - ﻣﺎﻳﻮ ﻳﻮﻧﻴﻮ 2 0 2 6 ﻗﺸـــــﺮة ـــــﻒ ـــــﺎراﻟﻜﺜ ﻣـــــﻦ اﻟﻐـــــﺎز واﻟﻐ ) ـــــﺎﻟﻠﻮن اﻷ ﻤــــــﺮ ( ﺗــــــﻢﻃﺮدﻫــــــﺎ ﻣــــــﻦ اﻟﻄ ﻘــــــﺎت اﻟــــــ ـ ﺨﺎرﺟ ﺔ ﻟﻠﻨ ﻢ أﺛﻨ ﺎء اﻧﻬ ﺎرﻧﻮاﺗﮫ إﻟـﻰ ﺛﻘـﺐ أﺳـﻮد ﺗ. ﻈﻬـﺮ ــﺔ ﻛـﺮة ﻏﺎز ــﺔ ﺳــﺎﺧﻨﺔ ﻣﺴــﺘﻤﺮة اﻟﻤﻨــﺎﻃﻖ اﻟﺪاﺧﻠ ﻓـــﻲ اﻟﺴـــﻘﻮط داﺧــــﻞ اﻟﺜﻘـــﺐ اﻷﺳـــﻮد اﻟﻤﺨﻔــــﻲ داﺧﻞ اﻟﻐﺎز اﻟﺴﺎﺧﻦ . [Keith Miller, Caltech/ IPAC –ELab]