Free Astronomy Magazine November-December 2026 ARABIC VERSION

IC348in2022,whentheydiscovered browndwarfswithmassesaslowas three to four times the mass of Jupiter.Now,thesameresearchteam hasusedWebbtoprobeevendeeper into this region in search of even smaller brown dwarfs. The team usedWebb’sNIRCam(Near-Infrared Camera)in2024tocapturethewarm glow of young brown dwarfs and newborn stars that we see in this newimageofIC348.Afterselecting candidate brown dwarfs based on theircoloursandbrightness,theyfol- lowed up with Webb’s NIRSpec (Near-InfraredSpectrograph)in2025 to conduct spectroscopic observa- tions to study the masses of the browndwarfs.ThesedeepWebbob- servations revealed something re- markable:browndwarfswithmasses as low as just twice the mass of Jupiter — just 0.19% of the Sun’s mass. These are the least massive browndwarfsknown,andtheirexis- tenceposesachallengetomodels of how stars form. In addition to the discovery of these unexpectedly lightweight brown dwarfs, the Webb observations contained even more surprises. One of the lightest newfound brown dwarfs showed signsofadisc,suggestingthatplan-ets could be forming around it de- spite the brown dwarf being the mass of a planet itself. While inspecting the spectra of IC 348’s brown dwarfs, the research teamalsofoundafeaturethatthey attributed to hydrocarbons, which are molecules made only of hydro- genandcarbonatoms.Thisfeature hasonlybeenseenintheatmos- pheres of the lowest-mass brown dwarfs, suggesting that these ex- tremeobjectsmightexistinaspec- tral class of their own. ThestarsandbrowndwarfsofIC348 aren’t the only attractions in this photo. A brilliantly detailed collec- tion of protostars occupies the upper-rightcorneroftheimage.Sev- eraloftheseprotostarsareaccompa- nied by Herbig-Haro objects, which are luminous regions that formwhen jets from growing newborn stars crash into the gas and dust around the star. Thelong,narrowobjectthatisori- ented horizontally in this corner is HH 797, which was featured previ- ously as a Webb Picture of the Month. Upon close inspection, this source is revealed to be two proto- stars with nearly parallel outflows. JusttotherightofHH797isthepro- peller-shapedsourceHH211,which features both narrow jets and broaderoutflows.     NOVEMBER-DECEMBER2026 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cS9uYH837Cc&t=12s ﻣﺠﻠﺔ FreeAstronomy ﺎﻟﻌﺮ ﺔ 30 ﻧﻮﻓﻤﺒﺮ - ﺩﻳﺴﻤﺒﺮ 2 0 2 6 اﺳﺘﺨﺪم اﻟﺒﺎﺣﺜﻮن ﺗﻠﺴﻜﻮب وﻳﺐ ﻟﻠﻤﺮة اﻷوﱃ ﻟﺪراﺳﺔ IC 348 ﻋﺎم 2022 ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ ا ﻛﺘﺸـﻔﻮا أﻗﺰاﻣ ﺎً ﺑﻨﻴﺔ ﺗﺒﻠﻎ ﻛﺘﻠﺘﻬﺎ ﻧﺤﻮ ﺛﻼﺛﺔ إﱃ أرﺑﻌـﺔ أﺿﻌﺎف ﻛﺘﻠﺔ ا ﺸﱰي . اﻵن اﺳﺘﺨﺪم اﻟﻔﺮﻳﻖ اﻟﺒﺤﺜﻲ ﻧﻔﺴﻪ ﺗﻠﺴﻜﻮب وﻳﺐ ﻻﺳﺘﻜﺸﺎف ﻫﺬه ا ﻨﻄﻘـﺔ ﺑﻌﻤـﻖ أﻛـﱪ ﺎً ﺑﺤﺜ ﻋﻦ أﻗﺰام ﺑﻨﻴﺔ أﺻـﻐﺮ ﻛﺘﻠـﺔ . اﺳـﺘﺨﺪم اﻟﻔﺮﻳﻖ ﻛﺎﻣ ا ﻧ ﻛﺎم ) ﻛﺎﻣ ا اﻷﺷﻌﺔ ﺗﺤـﺖ اﻟﺤﻤﺮاء اﻟﻘﺮﻳﺒﺔ ( اﻟﺘﺎﺑﻌﺔ ﻟ ﺘﻠﺴﻜﻮب وﻳﺐ ﻋﺎم 2024 ﻻﻟﺘﻘﺎط اﻟﺘﻮﻫﺞ اﻟﺪاﻓﺊ ﻟﻸﻗﺰام اﻟﺒﻨﻴﺔ اﻟﻔﺘﻴﺔ واﻟﻨﺠﻮم ﺣﺪﻳﺜﺔ اﻟﻮﻻدة اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﻈﻬـﺮ ﰲ ﻫﺬه اﻟﺼﻮرة اﻟﺠﺪﻳﺪة ﻨﻄﻘﺔ IC 348 وﺑﻌـﺪ اﺧﺘﻴﺎر اﻷﻗﺰام اﻟﺒﻨﻴـﺔ ا ﺮﺷـ ﺤﺔ اﺳـﺘﻨﺎداً إﱃ أﻟﻮاﻧﻬﺎ وﺳﻄﻮﻋﻬﺎ ﺗﺎﺑﻊ اﻟﺒـﺎﺣﺜﻮن دراﺳـﺘﻬﺎ ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪام ﻣﻄﻴﺎف ﻧ ﺳﺒﻚ ) ﻣﻄﻴﺎف اﻷﺷﻌﺔ ﺗﺤﺖ اﻟﺤﻤﺮ اء اﻟﻘﺮﻳﺒﺔ ( ﻋـﺎم 2025 ﻹﺟـﺮاء أرﺻﺎد ﻃﻴﻔﻴﺔ ﺗﺴﺎﻋﺪ ﰲ ﺗﺤﺪﻳﺪ ﻛﺘﻞ اﻷﻗـﺰام اﻟﺒﻨﻴــﺔ . وﻛﺸـﻔﺖ أرﺻـﺎد ﺗﻠﺴـﻜﻮب وﻳــﺐ اﻟﻌﻤﻴﻘﺔ ﻋﻦ أﻣﺮ ﻣـﺬﻫﻞ : أﻗـﺰام ﺑﻨﻴـﺔ ﺗ ﺒﻠـﻎ ﻛﺘﻠﺘﻬﺎ ﺿﻌﻒ ﻛﺘﻠﺔ ا ﺸﱰي ﻓﻘـﻂ أي ﻧﺤـﻮ 0.19 % ﻣﻦ ﻛﺘﻠﺔ اﻟﺸـﻤﺲ وﺗ ﻌـﺪ ﻫـﺬه أﻗـﻞ اﻷﻗﺰام اﻟﺒﻨﻴﺔ ﻛﺘﻠﺔً ا ﻌﺮوﻓﺔ ﺣﺘـﻰ اﻵن ﻛﺘﻠـﺔ ﻛﻤﺎ أن وﺟ ﻮدﻫﺎ ﻳﻤﺜﻞ ﺗﺤـﺪﻳًﺎ ﻟﻠﻨﻤـﺎذج اﻟﺘـﻲ ﻛﻤﺎ أ ن وﺟﻮدﻫﺎ ﻳﻤﺜﻞ ﺗﺤﺪﻳ ﺎً ﻟﻠﻨﻤـ ﺎذج اﻟﺘـﻲ ﺗﺼـﻒ ﻛﻴﻔﻴـﺔ ﺗﺸـﻜّﻞ اﻟﻨﺠـﻮم وإﱃ ﺟ ﺎﻧـﺐ اﻛﺘﺸﺎف ﻫﺬه اﻷﻗﺰام ا ﻟﺒﻨﻴـﺔ اﻟﺨﻔﻴﻔـﺔ ﻓﻘـﺪ ﻛﺸﻔﺖ أرﺻﺎد ﺗﻠﺴﻜﻮب وﻳﺐ ﻋﻦ ﻣﻔﺎﺟـﺂت أﺧﺮى ﻓﻘﺪ أﻇﻬﺮ أﺣﺪ أ ﺧـﻒ اﻷﻗـﺰام اﻟﺒﻨﻴـﺔ ا ﻜﺘﺸﻔﺔ ﺣﺪﻳﺜ ﺎً ﻋﻼﻣﺎت ﻋﲆ وﺟـﻮد ﻗـﺮص ﻣﺎ ﻳ ﺣﻮﻟﻪ ﺸ إﱃ اﺣﺘﻤـﺎل ﺗﺸـﻜّﻞ ﻛﻮاﻛـﺐ ﺣﻮﻟﻪ رﻏﻢ أن اﻟﻘﺰم اﻟﺒﻨﻲ ﻧﻔﺴﻪ ﻻ ﺗﺘﺠـﺎوز ﻛﺘﻠﺘﻪ ﻛﺘﻠﺔ ﻛﻮﻛـﺐ وأﺛﻨـﺎء ﻓﺤـﺺ أﻃﻴـﺎف ا ﻷﻗــﺰام اﻟﺒﻨﻴــﺔ ﰲ IC 348 اﻛﺘﺸـﻒ ﻓﺮﻳـﻖ اﻟﺒﺤــﺚ أﻳﻀــ ﺎً ﺳ ـﻤﺔ ﻃﻴﻔﻴــﺔ ﻋﺰوﻫــﺎ إﱃ اﻟﻬﻴﺪروﻛﺮﺑﻮﻧﺎت وﻫﻲ ﺟﺰﻳﺌﺎت ﺗﺘﻜﻮن ﻓﻘﻂ ﻣﻦ ذرات اﻟﻬﻴﺪروﺟ واﻟﻜﺮﺑﻮن وﻟﻢ ﺗُﺮﺻـﺪ ﻫﺬه اﻟﺴﻤﺔ إﻻ ﰲ أﻏﻠﻔﺔ اﻷﻗﺰام اﻟﺒﻨﻴﺔ اﻷﻗـﻞ ـــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــ ﻛﺘﻠﺔ ﻣﺎ ﻳﺸ إﱃ أن ﻫـﺬه اﻷﺟﺴـﺎم ﺷـﺪﻳﺪة اﻟﺨﺼﻮﺻـﻴﺔ ﻗــﺪ ﺗﻨﺘﻤــﻲ إﱃ ﻓﺌ ـﺔ ﻃﻴﻔﻴــﺔ ﻣﺴﺘﻘﻠﺔ وﻻ ﺗﻘﺘﴫ ﻋﻮاﻣﻞ اﻟﺠـﺬب ﰲ ﻫـﺬه اﻟﺼـﻮرة ﻋـﲆ اﻟﻨﺠـﻮم واﻷﻗـﺰام اﻟﺒﻨﻴــﺔ ﰲ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﺔ IC 348 ﻓﻔﻲ ا ﻟﺰاوﻳﺔ اﻟﻌﻠﻮﻳﺔ اﻟﻴﻤﻨﻰ ﻣــﻦ اﻟﺼــﻮرة ﺗﻈﻬــﺮ ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋــﺔ ﺷــ ﺪﻳﺪة اﻟﺘﻔﺎﺻﻴﻞ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻨﺠﻮم اﻷوﻟﻴﺔ وﻳﺮاﻓـﻖ ﻋـﺪد اً ﻣﻨﻬﺎ أﺟﺴﺎم وﻫـﺎر - ﻫ ﺑﻴﻎ وﻫـﻲ ﻣﻨـﺎﻃﻖ ﻣﻀﻴﺌﺔ ﺗﺘﺸﻜّﻞ ﻋﻨـﺪﻣﺎ ﺗﺼـﻄﺪم اﻟﻨﻔﺎﺛـﺎت ا ﻨﻄﻠﻘﺔ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻨﺠـﻮم ﺣﺪﻳﺜـﺔ اﻟـﻮﻻدة أﺛﻨـﺎء ﻧﻤﻮﻫﺎ ﺑﺎﻟﻐﺎز واﻟﻐﺒﺎر ا ﺤﻴﻂ ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺠﻢ . أﻣﺎ اﻟﺠﺴﻢ اﻟﻄﻮﻳﻞ واﻟﻀﻴﻖ ا ﻤﺘـﺪ أﻓﻘﻴـ ﰲ ﺎً ﻫﺬه اﻟﺰاوﻳﺔ ﻓﻬـﻮ HH 797 اﻟـﺬي ﺳـﺒﻖ أن ﻇﻬﺮت ﺻﻮرﺗﻪ ﺿﻤﻦ ﺻﻮرة » اﻟﺸﻬﺮ « اﻟﺘـﻲ اﻟﺘﻘﻄﻬﺎ ﺗﻠﺴﻜﻮب وﻳﺐ وﻋﻨـﺪ ﻓ ﺤﺼـﻪ ﻋـﻦ ﻗﺮب ﻳﺘﻀﺢ أن ﻫﺬا ا ﺼﺪر ﻳﺘﻜﻮن ﻣﻦ ﻧﺠﻤ أوﻟﻴ ﻟﻬﻤﺎ ﺗﺪﻓﻘﺎت ﺧﺎرﺟﺔ ﺷـﺒﻪ ﻣﺘﻮازﻳـﺔ ﺗﻨﻄﻠﻖ ﻣﻨﻬﻤﺎ اﻟﻨﻔﺎﺛﺎت ﺑﻔﻌﻞ ا ﺎدة ا ﻘﺬوﻓﺔ اﺛﻨ ﺎء ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺗﺸﻜﻞ اﻟﻨﺠﻤ وإﱃ ﻳﻤـ ﻣـﻦ HH 797 ﻣﺒﺎﴍة ﻳﻈﻬﺮ ا ﺼﺪر HH 211 ذو اﻟﺸﻜﻞ اﻟﺬي ﻳﺸـﺒﻪ ا ﺮوﺣـﺔ واﻟـﺬي ﻳﺘﻤﻴـﺰ ﺑﻨﻔﺎﺛﺎت ﺿﻴﻘﺔ وﺗﺪﻓﻘﺎت ﺧ ﺎرﺟﺔ أوﺳﻊ . ﺗﺴــــﻠﻂ اﻟـــــ ﻫـــــﺬﻩ ﺤﻠﻘﺔ ﻣـــــﻦﺳﻠﺴــــﻠﺔ " ﺷـــــﺮارات اﻟﻔﻀـــــــﺎء " اﻟﻀـــــــﻮء ﻋﻠـــــــﻰواﺣـــــــﺪة ﻣـــــــﻦ أﻛـــــــ ﺻـــــــﻮر ﺗﻠﺴــ ﻮب ــﺐ" " و اﻵن ﺣــ واﻟــ ﺗﺴـﺘﻌﺮضاﻟﺒﺤــﺚ ﻋﻦ أﺻﻐﺮاﻷﻗ ﺰام اﻟ ﻨ ﺔ . [ESA/Webb, NASA, CSA, JPL- Caltech,DSS2, K. Luhman, C. Alves De Oliveira, N. Bartmann (ESA/Webb),A. Kamkar, L. Cieza, E. Slawik, N.Risinger, M. Zamani (ESA/Webb)]