Free Astronomy Magazine November-December 2026 ARABIC VERSION

volvedstar,whichisnearingtheend of its life and shedding material into space. “This discovery was possible becauseofWebb’shighlycapablein- frared instruments,” said Macarena Garcia Marin of ESA, a co-author of the study and PI of the MICONIC pro- gramme. “Thisisthefirsttimeacon- tinuous mid-infrared spectrum has beencollectedforthisstar,allowing ustodetectthefeaturesfromthesil- icatedustanduncoverthestar’strue chemical identity.” By combining Webb’s observationsof the star’s spectrum with simula- tionsofhowitsradiatedlight would move through differentmodelsofthesurroundingenv e-lope, the team were able to recon-struct the structure of the star’s envelope. Their results indicate a layered, shell-like distribution of dust extending roughly 10,000 as-tronomical units from the star, with temperatures falling from approxi-mately 1,200 kelvin close to the star to around 100 kelvin in the outer re-gions. The observations also re-vealed evidence for water withinthe envelope of IRS 3: the first clear detection of its kind for this object. “Thedetectionofwaterisespecially exciting because it shows that mo- lecularmaterialcansurviveinanen- vironment dominated by intense radiation,” said Garcia Marin. “This tells us that even close to a super- massive black hole, stars can con- tinue contributing material backinto their surroundings.” VFromtheobservationsandstellar modelling, the researchers estimate that IRS 3 has a mass of approxi- mately six times that of the Sun and is around 72 million years old. The star appears to be undergoing in- tense mass loss, ejecting material intospaceandcreatingtheex- tended envelope seen by Webb. These results suggest that evolved stars may continue playing an im- portantroleinsupplyingdustto galacticcentres—regionsthatwere previously thought to be especially hostiletotheseprocesses.     NOVEMBER-DECEMBER2026 ﺑﺎﻷﻛﺴﺠ ﻳﻘﱰب ﻣﻦ ﻧﻬﺎﻳﺔ ﺣﻴﺎﺗﻪ وﻳﻘـﺬف ﻣﺎدﺗﻪ إﱃ اﻟﻔﻀﺎء . ﻗﺎﻟـﺖ ﻣﺎﻛﺎرﻳﻨـﺎ ﻏﺎرﺳـﻴﺎ ﻣﺎرﻳﻦ ﻣﻦ وﻛﺎﻟﺔ اﻟﻔﻀـﺎء اﻷوروﺑﻴـﺔ وﻫـﻲ ﻣﺆﻟﻔــﺔ ﻣﺸــﺎرﻛﺔ ﰲ اﻟﺪراﺳــﺔ واﻟﺒﺎﺣﺜــﺔ اﻟﺮﺋﻴﺴﻴﺔ ﰲ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﺞ MICONIC :» أﺻﺒﺢ ﻫﺬا اﻻﻛﺘﺸﺎف ﻣﻤﻜ ﺎُ ﻨ ﺑﻔﻀﻞ اﻟﻘـﺪرات ا ﺘﻘﺪﻣـﺔ ﻷدوات وﻳﺐ اﻟﻌﺎﻣﻠﺔ ﰲ اﻷﺷﻌﺔ ﺗﺤﺖ اﻟﺤﻤﺮاء . اتﻷدو ﺗﻠﺴﻜﻮب وﻳ ﺐ اﻟﻌﺎﻣﻠﺔ ﰲ اﻷﺷﻌﺔ ﺗﺤﺖ اﻟﺤﻤﺮاء وﻫﺬه ﻫﻲ ا ـﺮة اﻷوﱃ اﻟﺘـﻲ ﻳُﺠﻤـﻊ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﻃﻴﻒ ﻣﺘﻮاﺻﻞ ﰲ اﻷﺷﻌﺔ ﺗﺤﺖ اﻟﺤﻤﺮاء ا ﺘﻮﺳﻄﺔ ﻟﻬﺬا اﻟﻨﺠﻢ ﻣﺎ أﺗﺎح ﻟﻨﺎ رﺻﺪ ﺳﻤﺎت ﻏﺒـﺎر اﻟﺴــﻴﻠﻴﻜﺎت واﻟﻜ ﺸـﻒ ﻋـﻦ ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺒ ـﻪ اﻟﻜﻴﻤﻴﺎﺋﻲ اﻟﺤﻘﻴﻘﻲ « وﻣﻦ ﺧﻼل اﻟﺠﻤﻊ ﺑـ أرﺻﺎد « وﻳﺐ» ﻟﻄﻴﻒ اﻟﻨﺠﻢ وﻣﺤﺎﻛﺎة ﻟﻜﻴﻔﻴﺔ اﻧﺘﻘﺎل ﺿﻮﺋﻪ ﻋﱪ ﻧﻤـﺎذج ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻔـﺔ ﻟﻠﻐـﻼف أرﺻﺎد ﺗﻠﺴﻜﻮب وﻳﺐ ﻟﻄﻴﻒ اﻟﻨﺠﻢ وﻣﺤﺎ ﻛﺎة ﻟﻜﻴﻔﻴﺔ اﻧﺘﻘﺎل ﺿﻮﺋﻪ ﻋـﱪ ﻧﻤـﺎذج ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻔـﺔ ﻟﻠﻐﻼف ا ﺤﻴﻂ ﺑﻪ ﺗﻤﻜﻦ اﻟﻔﺮﻳﻖ ﻣـﻦ إﻋـﺎدة ﺑﻨﺎء ﺑﻨﻴﺔ اﻟﻐﻼ ف اﻟﻨﺠﻤﻲ وأﻇﻬـﺮت اﻟﻨﺘـﺎﺋﺞ ﺎً ﺗﻮزﻳﻌ ﺎً ﻃﺒﻘﻴ ﻟﻠﻐﺒﺎر ﻳﺸﺒﻪ اﻷﻏﻠﻔﺔ ا ﺘﻌﺎﻗﺒـﺔ وﻳﻤﺘﺪ ﻟ ﻨﺤﻮ 10 آﻻف وﺣﺪة ﻓﻠﻜﻴﺔ ﻣﻦ اﻟـﻨﺠﻢ ﻣﻊ اﻧﺨﻔﺎض درﺟﺎت اﻟﺤﺮارة ﻣﻦ ﻧﺤﻮ 1200 ﻛﻠﻔﻦ ﺑﺎﻟﻘﺮب ﻣﻦ اﻟﻨﺠ ﻢ إﱃ ﻗﺮا ﺑﺔ 100 ﻛﻠﻔﻦ ﰲ ا ﻨﺎﻃﻖ اﻟﺨﺎرﺟﻴﺔ وﻛﺸﻔﺖ اﻷرﺻﺎ د أﻳﻀـ ﺎ ﻋﻦ وﺟﻮد أدﻟﺔ ﻋﲆ ا ﺎء داﺧﻞ ﻏﻼف IRS 3 ﰲ أول اﻛﺘﺸﺎف واﺿـﺢ ﻣـﻦ ﻫـﺬا اﻟﻨـﻮع ﻟﻬـﺬا اﻟﺠﺮم . ﻗﺎﻟﺖ ﻏﺎرﺳﻴﺎ ﻣـﺎرﻳﻦ :» إن اﻛﺘﺸـﺎف ا ﺎء ﻣﺜ ﻟﻼﻫﺘﻤﺎم ﺑﺼﻮرة ﺧﺎﺻﺔ ﻷﻧﻪ ﻳﻈﻬﺮ أن ا ﺎدة اﻟﺠﺰﻳﺌﻴﺔ ﻳﻤﻜـﻦ أن ﺗﺼـﻤﺪ ﰲ ﺑﻴﺌـﺔ ﻴﻤﻦ ﺗﻬ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﻣﺴﺘﻮﻳﺎت ﺷﺪﻳﺪة ﻣﻦ اﻹﺷـﻌﺎع وﻫﺬا ﻳﺨﱪﻧﺎ ﺑ ﺄن اﻟﻨﺠﻮم ﺣﺘﻰ ﺑـﺎﻟﻘﺮب ﻣـﻦ ﺛﻘﺐ أﺳﻮد ﻓـﺎﺋﻖ اﻟﻜﺘﻠـﺔ ﻳﻤﻜـﻦ أن ﺗﻮ اﺻـﻞ إﻋﺎدة إﻣﺪاد ﻣﺤﻴﻄﻬـﺎ ﺑـﺎ ﻮاد « وﺑﻨـﺎ ءً ﻋـﲆ اﻷرﺻﺎد واﻟﻨﻤﺬﺟﺔ اﻟﻨﺠﻤﻴﺔ ﻳﻘـﺪر اﻟﺒـﺎﺣﺜﻮن أن ﻛﺘﻠﺔ IRS 3 ﺗﺒﻠﻎ ﻧﺤﻮ ﺳﺘﺔ أﺿﻌﺎف ﻛﺘﻠـﺔ اﻟﺸ ﻤﺲ وأن ﻋﻤﺮه ﻳﻘﺎرب 72 ﻣﻠﻴـﻮن ﺳـﻨﺔ وﻳﺒﺪو أن اﻟﻨﺠﻢ ﻳﻤﺮ ﺣﺎﻟﻴـ ﺎً ﺑﻤﺮﺣﻠـﺔ ﻓﻘـﺪان ﺷﺪﻳﺪ ﻟﻠ ﻜﺘﻠﺔ إذ ﻳﻘﺬف ا ﻮاد إﱃ اﻟﻔﻀﺎء ﻣﻜﻮﻧﺎً اﻟﻐﻼف ا ﻤﺘﺪ اﻟـﺬي رﺻـﺪه ﺗﺴـﻠﻜﻮب وﻳـﺐ وﺗﻮﺿﺢ ﻫﺬه اﻟﻌﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﻛﻴﻒ ﺗﺴﺘﻄﻴﻊ اﻟﻨﺠـﻮم ﰲ ﻣﺮاﺣﻠﻬﺎ ا ﺘﺄﺧﺮة إﻋـﺎد ة ﺗـﺪوﻳﺮ ا ـﻮاد إﱃ اﻟﻮﺳﻂ ا ﺤﻴﻂ ﺣﺘﻰ ﰲ ا ﻨﺎﻃﻖ اﻟﻘﺮﻳﺒﺔ ﻣـﻦ أﻗﻮى ﻣﺼﺎ در اﻟﺠﺎذﺑﻴ ﺔ واﻹﺷﻌﺎع ﰲ ا ﺠﺮات . ﺗﺸ ﻫﺬه اﻟﻨﺘﺎﺋﺞ إﱃ أن اﻟﻨﺠﻮم ا ﺘﻄﻮرة ﻗﺪ ﺗﻮاﺻﻞ أداء دور ﻣﻬﻢ ﰲ إﻣﺪاد ﻣﺮاﻛﺰ ا ﺠﺮات ﺑﺎﻟﻐﺒﺎر وﻫﻲ ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ ﻛﺎن ﻳﻌﺘﻘﺪ ﺳﺎﺑﻘ ﺎً أﻧﻬـﺎ ﺷﺪﻳﺪة اﻟﻘﺴـﻮة ﻟﺪرﺟـﺔ ﺗﺠﻌـﻞ ﻣﺜـﻞ ﻫـﺬه اﻟﻌﻤﻠﻴﺎت ﺻﻌﺒﺔ وﺗﻜﺸﻒ ﻛﺬﻟﻚ ﻗﺪرة اﻟﻨﺠﻮم ﻋﲆ اﺛﺮاء ﺑﻴﺌﺎﺗﻬﺎ ﺑﻤﻮاد ﺟﺪﻳﺪة . ﻣﺠﻠﺔ FreeAstronomy ﺎﻟﻌﺮ ﺔ ﻧﻮﻓﻤﺒﺮ - ﺩﻳﺴﻤﺒﺮ 2 0 2 6 ﺗـ ز ﻫــﺬﻩ اﻟﻤ ﻤﻮﻋـﺔ ﻣــﻦ اﻟﺼـﻮرﻣﻮﻗــﻊ اﻟــﻨ ﻢ ـﺔ اﻟﻤﺘﻄﻮرﻟﻠﻐﺎ " IRS 3 " اﻟـﺬ ﻳ ﻌـﺪ 0.55 ﺳـﻨﺔ ﺿـــــﻮﺋ ﺔ ﻓﻘـــــﻂ ﻣـــــﻦ " اﻟﻘـــــﻮس A "* وﻫـــــﻮ اﻟﺜﻘـــــﺐ اﻷﺳﻮد ﻓﺎﺋﻖ اﻟﻜﺘﻠﺔ اﻟﻤﻮﺟـﻮد ﻓـﻲﻣﺮﻛـﺰﻣﺠـﺮة در اﻟﺘ ﺎﻧــﺔ وﺗﻈﻬــﺮ اﻟﺼــﻮرﺗــﺪرﺟﺎً ﻓــﻲ اﻻﻗــ اب ــــﺔ ﺎ ﻣــــﻦ اﻟﻤﻨﻄﻘـــــﺔ اﻟﻤﻌﻨ ﻻﺳـــــﺘﻨﺎد إﻟــــﻰ ﺑ ﺎﻧـــــﺎت ﻤﻌﺖ ﺑﻮاﺳﻄﺔ ﻣﺮاﺻﺪ أرﺿ ﺔ وﻓﻀﺎﺋ ﺔ . [ESA/Webb, NASA & CSA, NOIRLab/NSF/AURA/E. Slawik/M. Zamani,ESO/S. Guisard, NASA/JPL- Caltech/S. Stolovy (Spitzer Science Center/Caltech), F. Peißker, J. Lu ]