Free Astronomy Magazine November-December 2026 ARABIC VERSION

Dus s tandwatercansurviv einspiteofSagittariusA* byNASA/ESA/CSA BethanyDowner sing the NASA/ESA/CSA James Webb Space Telescope, an in- ternationalteamofastron- omershavediscoveredthatdustand watercanformandsurvivesurpris- inglyclosetothesupermassiveblack holeatthecentreofourMilkyWay galaxy. The observations reveal that the evolved star IRS 3 continues to enrich its surroundings with newly formed material despite the intense radiationenvironmentaroundSag- ittariusA*. The new observations provide the most detailed mid-infrared view yet of the highly evolved star IRS 3, whichislocatedjust0.55light-years from Sagittarius A*, the Milky Way galaxy’s central supermassive black hole. IRS 3 has reached a stage near the end of its life called the asymp- toticgiantbranchphase.Starsinthis phase of life are huge, cool, and lu- minous, and they shed gas intospace with their powerful stellar winds.Thiscast-offstellarmaterialis one of the most important sourcesof cosmic dust, but it was not clearif it could be produced by a star so close to a supermassive black hole. By analysing the star’s infrared light with Webb’s Mid-Infrared Instru- ment(MIRI),theresearchteamiden- tifiedclearsignaturesofoxygen-rich dustand,forthefirsttime,detected waterinthestar’ssurroundingenve- lope. The results show that even under the harsh conditions near a supermassive black hole, evolved stars likeIRS3canstillproduce dust and other materials important for the creation of future generations of stars and planets. “Galactic centres are among the most extreme environments, so un- derstanding whether stars can con- tinue enriching their surroundings thereisanimportantquestion,” said lead author Florian Peißker of the University of Cologne in Germany. “With Webb, we can directly ob- serve how stars behave under these conditionsandseethatdustproduc- tion remains remarkably resilient.” IRS 3 is one of the brightest mid-in- frared sources in the galactic centre andhaslongstoodoutbecauseofits enormous dusty envelope. Previous studies suggested the star could be carbon-rich, but the new observa- tions paint a different picture. The Webb data revealed two strong in- fraredsignaturesassociatedwithsil- icate dust, which is composed of silicon and oxygen. These features identifyIRS3asanoxygen-riche- NOVEMBER-DECEMBER2026 hisimagefeaturesdatafrom اﻟﻐ ﺎرواﻟﻤﺎء ﺼﻤﺪان رﻏﻢ وﺟﻮد اﻟﻘﻮس *A ﻣﺠﻠﺔ FreeAstronomy ﺎﻟﻌﺮ ﺔ 24 : ﻘﻠﻢ ﺑ ﺜﺎﻧﻲداوﻧﺮ و ﺎﻟﺔ ﻧﺎﺳﺎ وو ﺎﻟﺔ اﻟﻔﻀﺎء اﻷوروﺑ ﺔ وو ﺎﻟﺔ اﻟﻔﻀﺎء اﻟﻜﻨﺪ ﺔ ﺎﺳـﺘﺨﺪام ﺗﻠﺴﻜﻮب ﺟﻴﻤﺲ وﻳﺐ اﻟﻔﻀـﺎﺋﻲ اﻟﺘـﺎﺑﻊ ﻟﻨﺎﺳـﺎ ووﻛﺎﻟـﺔ اﻟﻔﻀـﺎء اﻷوروﺑﻴـﺔ ووﻛﺎﻟﺔ اﻟﻔﻀﺎء اﻟﻜﻨﺪﻳﺔ اﻛﺘﺸﻒ ﻓﺮﻳـﻖ دوﱄ ﻣﻦ ﻋﻠﻤﺎء اﻟﻔﻠﻚ أن اﻟﻐﺒـﺎر وا ـﺎء ﻳﻤﻜـﻦ أن ﻳﺘﺸﻜﻼ وﻳﺼﻤﺪا ﻋﲆ ﻧﺤﻮ ﻣﻔـﺎﺟﺊ ﺑـﺎﻟﻘﺮب ﻣﻦ اﻟﺜﻘﺐ اﻷﺳﻮد ﻓﺎﺋﻖ اﻟﻜﺘﻠﺔ اﻟﻘـﻮس A * ﰲ ﻣﺮﻛﺰ ﻣﺠﺮﺗﻨﺎ درب اﻟﺘﺒﺎﻧﺔ . ﺗﻜﺸـﻒ اﻷرﺻـﺎد أن اﻟـﻨﺠﻢ ا ﺘﻄـﻮر IRS3 ﻳﻮاﺻﻞ إﺛﺮاء ﻣﺤﻴﻄﻪ ﺑﻤﻮاد ﺣﺪﻳﺜـﺔ اﻟﺘﻜـﻮّن رﻏﻢ ﺑﻴﺌﺔ اﻹﺷﻌﺎع اﻟﻘﺎﺳﻴﺔ ا ﺤﻴﻄﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﺜﻘـﺐ اﻷﺳﻮد ﺑﺎﻟﻘﻮس A * وﺗﻘﺪم اﻷرﺻﺎد اﻟﺠﺪﻳـﺪة أدق رؤﻳﺔ ﺣﺘﻰ اﻵن ﰲ ﻧﻄـﺎق اﻷﺷـﻌﺔ ﺗﺤـﺖ اﻟﺤﻤﺮاء ا ﺘﻮﺳﻄﺔ ﻟﻠﻨﺠﻢ ا ﺘﻄﻮر IRS 3 اﻟﺬي ﻳﻘﻊ ﻋﲆ ﺑﻌﺪ 0.55 ﺳﻨﺔ ﺿﻮ ﺋﻴﺔ ﻓﻘـﻂ ﻣـﻦ اﻟﻘﻮس A * اﻟﺜﻘﺐ اﻷﺳﻮد ﻓﺎﺋﻖ اﻟﻜﺘﻠﺔ ا ﻮﺟﻮد ﰲ ﻣﺮﻛﺰ ﻣﺠﺮة درب اﻟﺘﺒﺎﻧﺔ وﻗﺪ وﺻﻞ اﻟـﻨﺠﻢ IRS 3 إﱃ ﻣﺮﺣﻠﺔ ﻣﺘﻘﺪﻣﺔ ﻣﻦ ﻋﻤـﺮه ﺗ ﻌـﺮف ﺑ ﺎﺳﻢ ﻣﺮﺣﻠﺔ اﻟﻔﺮع اﻟﻌﻤﻼق ا ﻘﺎرب وﺗﻜﻮن اﻟﻨﺠــﻮم ﰲ ﻫـﺬه ا ﺮﺣﻠ ـﺔ ﺿـﺨﻤﺔ وﺑــﺎردة وﺷﺪﻳﺪة اﻟﻠﻤﻌﺎن وﺗﻘﺬف اﻟﻐـﺎز إﱃ اﻟ ﻔﻀـﺎء ﺑﻔﻌﻞ رﻳﺎﺣﻬﺎ اﻟﻨﺠﻤ ﻴـﺔ اﻟﻘﻮﻳـﺔ وﺗ ﻌـﺪ ﻫـﺬه ا ﺎدة اﻟﻨﺠﻤﻴﺔ ا ﻘﺬوﻓـﺔ أﺣـﺪ أﻫـﻢ ﻣﺼـﺎدر اﻟﻐﺒﺎر اﻟﻜﻮﻧﻲ، ﻟﻜﻦ ﻟﻢ ﻳﻜـﻦ واﺿـﺤًﺎ ﻣـﺎ إذا اﻟﻐﺒﺎر اﻟﻜﻮﻧﻲ ﻟﻜﻦ ﻟﻢ ﻳﻜﻦ واﺿﺤ ﺎً ﻣﺎ إذا ﻛﺎن ﺑﺈﻣﻜﺎن ﻧﺠﻢ ﻗﺮﻳﺐ إﱃ ﻫﺬا اﻟﺤـﺪ ﻣـﻦ ﺛﻘـﺐ أﺳﻮد ﻓﺎﺋﻖ اﻟﻜﺘﻠﺔ أن ﻳﻨﺘﺞ اﻟﻐﺒﺎر وﻣﻦ ﺧﻼل ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻞ ﺿﻮء اﻟﻨﺠﻢ ﰲ ﻧﻄـﺎق اﻷﺷـﻌﺔ ﺗﺤـﺖ اﻟﺤﻤﺮاء ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪام أداة اﻷﺷﻌﺔ ﺗﺤﺖ اﻟﺤﻤﺮاء ا ﺘﻮﺳﻄﺔ ( ﻣ ي ) ﻋﲆ ﻣﺘﻦ ﺗﻠﺴـﻜﻮب وﻳـﺐ ﺣﺪد ﻓﺮﻳﻖ اﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﺑﺼـﻤﺎت واﺿـﺤﺔ ﻟﻐﺒـﺎر ﻏﻨﻲ ﺑﺎﻷﻛﺴﺠ ﻛﻤﺎ رﺻﺪ ا ﺎء ﻷ ول ﻣـﺮة ﰲ اﻟﻐﻼف ا ﺤﻴﻂ ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺠﻢ وﺗﻈﻬـﺮ اﻟﻨﺘـﺎﺋﺞ أﻧـﻪ ﺣﺘﻰ ﰲ اﻟﻈﺮوف اﻟﻘﺎﺳﻴﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﻘﺮب ﻣـﻦ ﺛﻘـﺐ أﺳﻮد ﻓﺎﺋﻖ اﻟﻜﺘﻠﺔ ﻻ ﺗﺰال اﻟﻨﺠـﻮم ا ﺘﻄـﻮرة ﻣﺜﻞ IRS 3 ﻗﺎدرة ﻋﲆ إﻧﺘـﺎج اﻟﻐﺒـﺎر وﻣـﻮاد أﺧﺮى ﻣﻬﻤﺔ ﻟﺘﻜﻮﻳﻦ أﺟﻴﺎل ﻣﺴـﺘﻘﺒﻠﻴﺔ ﻣـﻦ اﻟﻨﺠﻮم واﻟﻜﻮاﻛـﺐ . وﻗـﺎل ا ﺆﻟـﻒ اﻟﺮﺋﻴﴘـ أﺧﺮى ﻣﻬﻤﺔ ﻟﺘﻜﻮﻳﻦ أﺟﻴﺎل ﻣﺴـﺘﻘﺒﻠﻴﺔ ﻣـﻦ اﻟﻨﺠﻮم واﻟﻜﻮاﻛﺐ . وﻗـﺎل ا ﺆﻟـﻒ اﻟﺮﺋـ ﻴﴘ ـ ﻟﻠﺪراﺳــﺔ، ﻓﻠﻮرﻳ ـﺎن ﺑﻴﺴـﻜﺮ ﻣـﻦ ﺟﺎﻣﻌ ـﺔ ﻛﻮﻟﻮﻧﻴﺎ ﰲ أ ﺎﻧﻴﺎ ﺗ»: ﻌﺪ ﻣﺮا ﻛـﺰ ا ﺠـﺮات ﻣـﻦ أﻛﺜﺮ اﻟﺒﻴﺌﺎت ﺗﻄﺮﻓﺎً وﻟﺬﻟﻚ ﻓـﺈن ﻓﻬـﻢ ﻣـﺎ إذا ﻛﺎﻧﺖ اﻟﻨﺠـﻮم ﻗـﺎدرة ﻋـﲆ ﻣﻮاﺻـﻠﺔ إﺛـﺮاء ﻣﺤﻴﻄﻬﺎ ﻫﻨﺎك ﻳﻤﺜﻞ ﺳﺆاﻻً ﻣﻬﻤًﺎ . ﺑﻔﻀﻞ ﺗﻠﺴﻜﻮب وﻳﺐ ﻳﻤﻜﻨﻨـﺎ رﺻـﺪ ﻛﻴﻔﻴـﺔ ﺗﴫف اﻟﻨﺠـﻮم ﻣ ﺒـﺎﴍة ﰲ ﻫـﺬه اﻟﻈـﺮوف ورؤﻳـﺔ أن إﻧﺘـﺎج اﻟﻐﺒـﺎر ﻳﻈـﻞ ﻗـﺎدر اً ﻋـﲆ اﻟﺼﻤﻮد ﺑﺼﻮرة ﻻﻓﺘﺔ ﻌـﺪ وﻳ« اﻟـﻨﺠﻢ IRS 3 أﺣﺪ أ ـﻊ ﻣﺼـﺎدر اﻷﺷـﻌﺔ ﺗﺤـﺖ اﻟﺤﻤـﺮاء ا ﺘﻮﺳﻄﺔ ﰲ ﻣﺮﻛﺰ ا ﺠﺮة وﻗﺪ ﻟﻔـﺖ اﻻﻧﺘﺒـﺎه ﻣﻨﺬ ﻓﱰة ﻃﻮﻳﻠﺔ ﺑﺴﺒﺐ ﻏﻼﻓﻪ اﻟﻬﺎﺋﻞ اﻟﻐﻨـﻲ ﺑﺎﻟﻐﺒﺎر وأﺷﺎرت دراﺳﺎت ﺳﺎﺑﻘﺔ إﱃ اﺣﺘﻤـﺎل أن ﻳﻜﻮن اﻟ ﻨﺠﻢ ﻏﻨ ﺎً ﻴ ﺑﺎﻟﻜﺮﺑﻮن ﻟﻜﻦ اﻷرﺻـﺎد اﻟﺠﺪﻳﺪة ﺗﻘﺪ م ﺻﻮرة ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ ﻓﻘـﺪ ﻛﺸـﻔﺖ ﺑﻴﺎﻧﺎت ﺗﻠﺴﻜﻮب وﻳﺐ ﻋﻦ ﺑﺼﻤﺘ ﻗﻮﻳﺘ ﰲ اﻷﺷـﻌﺔ ﺗﺤـﺖ ا ﻟﺤﻤـﺮاء ﻣـﺮﺗﺒﻄﺘ ﺑﻐﺒـﺎر اﻟﺴـﻴﻠﻴﻜﺎت اﻟـ ﺬي ﻳﺘﻜـﻮن ﻣـﻦ اﻟﺴـﻴﻠﻴﻜﻮن واﻷﻛﺴﺠ وﺗﺤﺪد ﻫﺬه اﻟﺴﻤﺎت ﻫﻮﻳﺔ اﻟﻨﺠﻢ IRS 3 ﺑﻮﺻــﻔﻪ ﻧﺠﻤ ــ ﺎً ﻣﺘﻄ ــﻮر اً ﺎً ﻏﻨﻴـــ ﺑﺎﻷﻛﺴﺠ ، ﻳﻘﱰب ﻣﻦ ﻧ ﻬﺎﻳﺔ ﺣﻴﺎﺗﻪ وﻳﻘﺬف ﺗﻈﻬﺮ ﻫﺬﻩ اﻟﺼﻮرة ﺑ ﺎﻧﺎت ﻣﺴﺘﻤﺪة ﻣﻦ ﺎﻣ ا اﻷﺷــــــﻌﺔ ﺗﺤــــــﺖ اﻟــــــ ـ ــــــﺔ ﻤﺮاء اﻟﻘﺮ ) ــــــﺎم ﻧ ( وأداة اﻷﺷـــــــــﻌﺔ ﺗﺤـــــــــﺖ اﻟـــــــــ ـ ﻤﺮاء اﻟﻤﺘﻮﺳـــــــــﻄﺔ ( ﻣـــــــــ ي ) اﻟﺘـــــﺎ ﻌﺘ ﻟﺘﻠﺴـــــ ﻮب ـــــﺐوذﻟـــــﻚ ﻻﻟﺘﻘـــــﺎط أﻛــــــ و ﺗﻀــــــﻢ اﻟــــــﻨ ﻢ اﻟﻤﺸــــــﺎﻫﺪ ﺗﻔﺼــــــ ﻼً ﻟﻠﻤﻨﻄﻘــــــﺔ اﻟــــــ اﻟﻤﺘ ـﺔ ﻄـﻮرﻟﻠﻐﺎ " IRS 3 " واﻟـﺬ ﻳ ﻌـﺪ 0.55 ﺳـﻨﺔ ﺿﻮﺋ ﺔ ﻓﻘﻂ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻘﻮس " A* وﻫﻮ اﻟﺜﻘﺐ اﻷﺳﻮد اﻟﻬﺎﺋﻞ اﻟﻤﻮﺟﻮد ﻓﻲ ﻣﺮﻛﺰﻣﺠﺮة در اﻟﺘ ﺎﻧﺔ . [ESA/Webb,NASA & CSA, F. Peißker, J. Lu, F.Yusef-Zadeh, N. B. Sabha, C. Chan ] ﻧﻮﻓﻤﺒﺮ - ﺩﻳﺴﻤﺒﺮ 2 0 2 6