Free Astronomy Magazine September-October 2026 ARABIC VERSION

SEPTEMBER-OCTOBER2026 SpaceX plans to send one million moresatellitesintoorbit,forspace- baseddatacentres,whichwouldsig- nificantly alter the appearance of thesky.Thenewstudyshowsthat, for a large fraction of each night, hundredsofsatelliteswouldbevisi- bleand,atcertaintimes,uptosev- eralthousand,similartothenumber of stars seen with the naked eye in good conditions. Other planned satellite constellations such as E- Space’sCinnamonandChina’sCTC-1 and 2 would add hundreds of thou- sandsmoresatellitesintoorbit,com- pounding the problem. Reflect Orbital, a US start-up, aims tolaunchaconstellationofvery largemirror-likesatellitestoprovide sunlightatnight,withreflectedbeamst hatspanatleastfivekilome-tres on Earth’s surface. They intend to start with a prototype satellite in orbit this year and plan to increase their satellite population to 50,000 by 2035. These satellites would be thebrightesteverinorbit,with damagingconsequencesfordarkskieso nEarth.Hainaut’scalculations showthatthefullconstellationwouldfil lthenightskywithhun-dreds of very brightly visible satel-lites. Seen from within a reflected beam, the satellite delivering sun- lightwouldappearfourtimesbrighterth anthefullMoon.Even ifnosatellitepointsitsbeamdirect-ly at an observer, each would be as brightastheplanetVenus,the‘morning star’.Fromalight-polluted city,likeMunich,Germany,these hundreds of satellites would be the only ‘stars’ visible in the night sky. Theseproposals,combinedwithothers consideredinthestudy, woulddramaticallybrightenthenightsk y,hinderinghumankind’s abilitytoobservefaintcosmictar- ﻣﺠﻠﺔ FreeAstronomy ﺎﻟﻌﺮ ﺔ 9 ﺗﻈﻬﺮ ﻫﺬﻩ اﻟﺼﻮرة أﻗﻤﺎراً ﺻﻨﺎﻋ ﺔ ﺗﻌ ﺳـﻤﺎء اﻟﻠﻴــﻞ ﻓــﻮق ﺻــﺤﺮاء أﺗﺎ ﺎﻣــﺎ اﻟﺸـﻤﺎﻟ ﺔ ﻓــﻲ ﺗﺸــ ﻠﻲ ﺳـﺎﻋﺔ ﻋﻠـﻰ ﻣـﺪ واﺣــﺪة ﻓﻘــﻂ ــﺎرة ﻋــﻦ وﻫــﻲﻋ ﺗـﻢ اﻟﺘﻘﺎﻃـﮫ ـﺔ اﻟﺘﺼـﻮﻳﺮاﻟـﺰﻣ ـﺪﻳﻮ ﺘﻘﻨ ﺗ ﻤﻴﻊ ﻟﻔ ﻓــــﻲ 15 أﻛﺘــــﻮﺑﺮ 2025 ﻣــــﻦ ﻌــــﺪ ﺣــــﻮاﻟﻲﺳــــﺎﻋﺘ ﻏــﺮوب اﻟﺸــﻤﺲ . ـ ﻌـﺾ اﻟــ ﺨﻄﻮط اﻟﻈـﺎﻫﺮة ﻧﺎﺗﺠــﺔ ﻋـﻦ اﻟﻄـﺎﺋﺮات و ﻤﻜـﻦ ﺗﻤﻴ ﻫــﺎ ﺴـﻬﻮﻟﺔ ﻣــﻦ ﺧــﻼل أﺿــــــــــــﻮاﺋﻬﺎ اﻟﻤﻠﻮﻧــــــــــــﺔ اﻟﻮاﻣﻀــــــــــــﺔ ﻟﻜــــــــــــﻦ ﻣﻌﻈــــــــــــﻢ اﻟﻤﺴــﺎرات ﻧﺎﺗﺠــﺔ ﻋــﻦ اﻷﻗﻤــﺎراﻟﺼــﻨﺎﻋ ﺔ ﻧــ . ﺮى ﻓــﻲ ـــــــﺔ اﻟﺘﻠﺴـــــــ ﻮب اﻟﻤﻘﺪﻣـــــــﺔ ﻗ ﻓـــــــﺎﺋﻖ اﻟﻜـــــــ اﻟﺘــــــــﺎﺑﻊ ﻟﻠﻤﺮﺻــﺪ اﻷوروﺑـــﻲ اﻟـــ ـ ﺠﻨﻮﺑﻲوﻫـــﻮ أﻛـــ ﺗﻠﺴـــ ﻮب ﺼﺮي واﻷﺷﻌﺔ ﺗﺤﺖ اﻟ ـ ﻤﺮاء ﻓﻲ اﻟﻌﺎﻟﻢ واﻟﺬ ــــــــﺪ اﻹﻧﺸــــــــﺎء ﻋﻠــــــــﻰ ﻗﻤــــــــﺔ ﺟﺒــــــــﻞ ﺳــــــــ و ﻻ ﻳــــــــﺰال ﻗ أرﻣــــــﺎزوﻧ ﺲ . ﺧﻠﻔــــــﮫ ﻧــــــﺮى أﺷــــــﻌﺔ اﻟﻠــــــ راﻟــــــ ـ ﺨﺎﺻﺔ ﺎﻟﺘﻠﺴـــ ﻮب اﻟﻜﺒــــ ﺟـــﺪاً اﻟﺘــــﺎﺑﻊ ﻟﻠﻤﺮﺻـــﺪ اﻷوروﺑــــﻲ ـاﻟ ﺠﻨﻮ ﺑﻲ ﻓﻲ ﻣﺮﺻﺪ ﺎراﻧﺎل ﻋﻠﻰ ُﻌﺪ 22 ﻛ ﻠﻮﻣ اً ﻣﻦ اﻟﺘﻠﺴ ﻮب ﻓﺎﺋﻖ اﻟﻜ . [F. Kamphues,ESO/M. Kornmesser] ﴍﻛﺎت ﻣﺜﻞ ﺳﺒﻴﺲ إﻛﺲ اﺗﺨـﺬت إﺟـﺮاءا ت ﻟﺘﻘﻠﻴﻞ ﻌﺎن أﻗﻤﺎرﻫﺎ اﻟﺼﻨﺎﻋﻴﺔ ﻳﺮى إﻳﻨﻮ أن ا ﻘﱰﺣﺎت ا ﻟﺤﺎﻟﻴـﺔ ﺗﺠـﺎوزت اﻟﺤـﺪود اﻟﺘـ ﻲ ﻳﺴﺘﻄﻴﻊ ﻋﻠﻢ اﻟﻔﻠﻚ ﺗﺤﻤﻠﻬﺎ . إﻳﻨﻮ اﻟﺬي ﻳﻌﻤﻞ ﰲ ا ﺮﺻﺪ اﻷوروﺑﻲ اﻟﺠﻨـﻮﺑﻲ ﻣﻨﺬ أﻛﺜﺮ ﻣﻦ ﺛﻼﺛ ﻋﺎﻣ ﺎً ﻫﻮ ا ﺆﻟﻒ اﻟـﺮﺋﻴﺲ ﻟﺪراﺳﺔ ﻋﻠﻤﻴـﺔ ﺧﻀـﻌﺖ ﺮاﺟﻌـﺔ اﻟﻘﺮﻧـﺎء وﻗُﺒﻠ ـﺖ ﻟﻠﻨﴩ ـ ﰲ ﻣﺠﻠ ـﺔ Astronomy & وﻗُﺒﻠﺖ ﻟﻠـ ـ ﻨﴩ ﰲ ﻣﺠﻠـﺔ اﻟﻔﻠـﻚ واﻟﻔﻴﺰﻳـﺎء اﻟﻔﻠﻜﻴﺔ ﺗﻨﺎوﻟـﺖ ﺗـﺄﺛ ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋـﺎت اﻷﻗﻤـﺎر اﻟﺼــﻨﺎﻋﻴﺔ ﻋ ـﲆ اﻟﺮﺻـ ﺪ اﻟﻔﻠﻜ ـﻲ . وﺗﺸ ـ اﻟﺪراﺳﺔ إﱃ أن ﺳﺒﻴﺲ إﻛﺲ ﺗﺨﻄﻂ ﻹﻃـﻼق ﻣﻠﻴﻮن ﻗﻤﺮ ﺻﻨﺎﻋﻲ إ ﺿـﺎﰲ ﻹﻧﺸـﺎء ﻣﺮاﻛـﺰ ﺑﻴﺎﻧﺎت ﻓﻀﺎﺋﻴﺔ وﻫﻮ ﻣﴩوع ﺳـﻴﻐ ﺷـﻜﻞ ﺳﻤﺎء اﻟﻠﻴﻞ ﺑﺼﻮرة ﺟﺬرﻳﺔ وﺗﺒ اﻟﺤﺴـﺎﺑﺎت أﻧﻪ ﺧﻼل ﺟﺰء ﻛﺒ ﻣـﻦ ﻛـﻞ ﻟﻴﻠـﺔ ﺳـﻴﻜﻮن أﻧﻪ ﺧﻼل ﺟﺰء ﻛﺒ ﻣـﻦ ﻛـﻞ ﻟﻴﻠـﺔ ﺳـﻴﻜﻮن ﻣﺌﺎت اﻷ ﻗﻤﺎر اﻟﺼـﻨﺎﻋﻴﺔ ﻣﺮﺋﻴـﺔ ﰲ اﻟﺴـﻤﺎء ﺑﻴﻨﻤﺎ ﻗﺪ ﻳﺮﺗﻔﻊ اﻟ ﻌﺪد ﰲ أوﻗﺎت ﻣﻌﻴﻨﺔ إﱃ ﻋﺪة آﻻف وﻫﻮ رﻗﻢ ﻳﻤﺎﺛﻞ ﺗﻘﺮﻳﺒ ﺎً ﻋﺪد اﻟﻨﺠﻮم ا ﻟﺘﻲ ﻳﻤﻜﻦ رؤﻳﺘﻬﺎ ﺑﺎﻟﻌ ا ﺠﺮدة ﰲ أﻓﻀﻞ ﻇﺮوف اﻟﺮﺻﺪ . ﻛﻤﺎ أن ﻣﺸﺎرﻳﻊ أﺧﺮى ﻣﺜﻞ ﻣﻨﻈﻮﻣﺔ " " ﺳــﻴﻨﺎﻣﻮن اﻟﺘﺎﺑﻌــﺔ ﻟــ ﴩﻛﺔ ـ اﻟﻔﻀــﺎء اﻷﻣﺮﻳﻜﻴﺔ اﻟﺨﺎﺻـﺔ - إي" ﻛـﺬﻟﻚ و " ﺳـﺒﻴﺲ ـ ﻣ ــ ﴩوﻋﻲ CTC-1 و CTC-2 اﻟﺼـــﻴﻨﻴ ﺳﺘﻀﻴﻒ ﻣﺌﺎت اﻵﻻف ﻣﻦ اﻷﻗﻤﺎر ا ﻟﺼﻨﺎﻋﻴﺔ اﻷﺧﺮى ﻣﻤﺎ ﻳﺰﻳﺪ ا ﺸﻜﻠﺔ ﺗﻌﻘﻴﺪ . اً وﻣﻦ أﻛ ﺜﺮ ا ﻘﱰﺣﺎت إﺛﺎرة ﻟﻠﺠﺪل ﻣـ ـ ﴩوع " ﴍﻛﺔ رﻓﻠﻜﺖ أورﺑﻴﺘﺎل " اﻷﻣﺮﻳﻜﻴﺔ اﻟﻨﺎﺷﺌﺔ اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﺴﻌﻰ إﱃ إﻃـﻼق ﻛﻮﻛﺒـﺔ ﻣـﻦ اﻷﻗﻤـﺎر اﻟﺼﻨﺎﻋﻴﺔ ا ﺰودة ﺑﻤﺮاﻳﺎ ﺿﺨﻤﺔ ﺗﻌﻜﺲﺿﻮء اﻟﺸـﻤﺲ إﱃ اﻷرض ﻟـﻴﻼً وﺗﺨﻄـﻂ اﻟﴩـﻛﺔ ﻟﻠﻘﻴﺎم ﺑ ﺈﻃﻼق ﻧﻤﻮذج أوﱄ ﻫﺬا اﻟﻌﺎ م ﺛﻢ زﻳﺎدة ﻋﺪد أﻗﻤﺎرﻫﺎ إﱃ 50 أﻟﻒ ﻗﻤﺮ ﺻﻨﺎ ﻋﻲ ﺑﺤﻠﻮل ﻋﺎم 2035 وﺳـﺘﻜﻮن ﻫـﺬه اﻷﻗﻤـﺎر اﻷﻛﺜـﺮ ﺎً ﺳﻄﻮﻋ ﰲ ﺗﺎرﻳﺦ اﻷﻗﻤﺎر اﻟﺼﻨﺎﻋﻴﺔ إذ ﺗﻐﻄﻲ اﻟﺤﺰﻣﺔ اﻟﻀﻮﺋﻴﺔ ا ﻨﻌﻜﺴﺔ ﻣﺴـﺎﺣﺔ ﻻ ﺗﻘـﻞ ﻋﻦ ﺧﻤﺴﺔ ﻛﻴﻠـﻮﻣﱰات ﻋـﲆ ﺳـﻄﺢ اﻷرض وﺗﻮﺿـﺢ ﺣﺴـﺎﺑﺎت اﻟﺪراﺳـﺔ أن ا ﻨﻈﻮﻣـﺔ اﻟﻜﺎﻣﻠﺔ ﺳﺘﻤﻸ اﻟﺴﻤﺎء ﺑﻤﺌ ﺎت اﻷﻗﻤﺎر ﻓﺎﺋﻘﺔ اﻟﺴﻄﻮع وﻟﻮ ﻛﺎن اﻟﺮاﺻﺪ د اﺧﻞ إ ﺣﺪى اﻟﺤﺰم اﻟﻀﻮﺋﻴﺔ ا ﻨﻌﻜﺴﺔ ﻓﺴﻴﺒﺪو اﻟﻘﻤﺮ اﻟﺼـﻨﺎﻋﻲ ا ﺴﺆول ﻋﻦ اﻹﺿﺎءة أﻛﺜﺮ ﻌ ﺎﻧًﺎ ﺑﺄرﺑﻊ ﻣﺮات ﻣﻦ اﻟﺒﺪر اﻟﻜﺎﻣﻞ وﺣﺘﻰ إذا ﻟﻢ ﺗُﻮﺟّﻪ اﻟﺤﺰﻣـﺔ ﻣﺒﺎﴍة ﻧﺤﻮ اﻟﺮاﺻﺪ، ﻓﺈن ﻛﻞ ﻗﻤﺮ ﺳﻴﺒﺪو ﰲ - ﺳﺒﺘﻤﺒﺮ ﺃﻛﺘﻮﺑﺮ 2 0 2 6