Free Astronomy Magazine September-October 2026 ARABIC VERSION

SEPTEMBER-OCTOBER2026 tively,set-ting a new record for the mostancientquasarseverfou nd. Both lie just over 13 billion light- years away, and emerged during theUniverse’sfirst670millionyears. “Thisfindingmorethandoublesthe numberofquasarsweknowofthat are so ancient,” says Antonio La Marca, an ESA Research Fellow in the Euclid team. Discovering the first10orsoquasarsataredshiftof 7 or above took astronomers more than a decade – but Euclid has al- readydiscoveredmorethanthatin a single year. “The Euclid team has taken a true ‘census’ of quasars at the dawn of theUniverseforthefirsttime,” adds Antonio. “It’sabigsteptowardsun- derstanding these fascinating objects on a more fundamental level.” The second most ancient quasar found by Daming and colleagues wasrecentlystudiedinmoredetail by Silvia Belladitta and collabora-tors. These observations showed that the quasar is embedded in a dusty,gas-filledgalaxythatisfuri- ously forming new stars, hinting at whatthehostgalaxyofanearlysu- permassiveblackholemaybelike. Thequasarsharkbacktoafascinat- ingperiodincosmichistoryknown as the ‘epoch of reionisation’: when everything shifted from being cold anddark(the‘darkages’)tohotand ‘ionised’ (split apart by energetic light). This transitional epoch was a crucial era that set the stage for everything we see today. “Ancient quasars are rare discover- ies.They’reinterestinginthem- selves, butalsotime machinesthaten- able us to explore the early Universe and understand how the first generation of galaxies came to be,” saysESAEuclidProjectScientist Valeria Pettorino. “Euclid’s capabil- ities are unrivalled. The telescope combines a large area, depth, sharp imaging, and unique space-based infrared vision in a way that lets us pick out rare, extremely distant ob- jects far more efficiently than be- fore.Andit’snotjustthetelescope: the data processing is only possible thanks to thousands of Euclid Con- sortium scientists and engineers working together to deliver scien- tific discoveries, sifting through enormous datasets to identify rare, distant quasars that we can study further using telescopes on the ground.” The 31 quasars reported here were discovered in data from the Euclid WideSurvey,whichwillcovermore thanone-thirdofthetotalskyonce complete.Euclidwillrevealthese- cretsofthedarkUniverse;thetele- scope is exploring its composition, history,evolution,andmappingout its large-scale structure, observing billions of galaxies – and revealing manyquasars–asitdoesso.  ﻣﺠﻠﺔ FreeAstronomy ﺎﻟﻌﺮ ﺔ 7 اﻣﺎ اﻟﻜﻮازار اﻻﺧﺮ EUCL J125308.55 +705432.3 ﺑﺎﻧﺰﻳﺎح أﺣﻤﺮ 7.69 . و ﻳﻘﻊ ﻛﻼﻫﻤﺎ ﻋﲆ ﻣﺴﺎﻓﺔ ﺗﺰﻳﺪ ﻋﲆ 13 ﻣﻠﻴﺎر ﺳﻨﺔ ﺿﻮﺋﻴﺔ وﻳﻌﻮد ﺿـﻮؤﻫﻤﺎ إﱃ زﻣـﻦ ﻟـﻢ ﻳﺘﺠﺎوز ﻓﻴﻪ ﻋﻤﺮ اﻟﻜﻮن 670 ﻣ ﻠﻴـﻮن ﺳـﻨﺔ . ﻗـﺎل أﻧﻄﻮﻧﻴـﻮ ﻻ ﻣﺎرﻛــﺎ اﻟﺒﺎﺣـﺚ ﰲ ﻓﺮﻳـﻖ إﻗﻠﻴـ ﺪس ﻟـﺪى وﻛﺎﻟـﺔ اﻟﻔﻀـﺎء اﻷوروﺑﻴـﺔ : " ﺿﺎﻋﻒ ﻫﺬا اﻻﻛﺘﺸﺎف أﻛﺜﺮ ﻣﻦ ﻣﺮﺗ ﻋـﺪد اﻟﻜـﻮازارات ا ﻌﺮوﻓـﺔ اﻟﺘـﻲ ﺗﻌـﻮد إﱃ ﻫـﺬه ا ﻟﺤﻘﺒﺔ ا ﺒﻜﺮة ﻟﻠﻐﺎﻳﺔ ." وأﺿﺎف أن اﻛﺘﺸﺎف أول ﻋﴩة ﻛﻮازارات ﺗﻘﺮﻳﺒ ﺎً ﻋﻨﺪ اﻧﺰﻳﺎح أﺣﻤﺮ ﻳﺒﻠﻎ 7 أو أ ﻛﺜﺮ اﺳﺘﻐﺮق أﻛﺜﺮ ﻣـﻦ ﻋﻘـﺪ ﻣـﻦ اﻟﺰﻣﻦ ﺑﻴﻨﻤﺎ ﺗﻤﻜـﻦ ﺗﻠﺴـﻜﻮب إﻗﻠﻴـﺪس ﻣـﻦ اﻛﺘﺸﺎف ﻋﺪد أﻛﱪ ﻣﻨﻬـﺎ ﺧـﻼل ﻋـﺎم واﺣـﺪ . ﻓﻘﻂ ﻣﺠﺮات ﺗﻌﺞ ﺑﺘﻜﻮﻳﻦ اﻟﻨﺠﻮم أﻇﻬـﺮت در اﺳﺎت ﻣﺘﺎﺑﻌﺔ ﻷﺣﺪ ﻫﺬه اﻟﻜﻮازارات أﺟﺮﺗﻬﺎ ا ﻟﺒﺎﺣﺜﺔ ﺳﻴﻠﻔﻴﺎ ﺑﻴﻼدﻳﺘﺎ وزﻣﻼؤﻫﺎ أﻧـﻪ ﻳﻘـﻊ داﺧﻞ ﻣﺠﺮة ﻏﻨﻴـﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﻐﺒـﺎر واﻟﻐـﺎز وﺗﺸـﻬﺪ ﻣﻌﺪﻻً اً ﺟﺪ ﺎً ﻣﺮﺗﻔﻌ ﻟﺘﻜﻮﻳﻦ اﻟﻨﺠﻮم وﻫـﻮ ﻣـﺎ ﻳﻘـﺪم ﺗﺼـﻮر اً ﻋـﻦ ﻃﺒﻴﻌـﺔ ا ﺠـﺮات اﻟﺘـﻲ اﺣﺘﻀﻨﺖ أول اﻟﺜﻘﻮب اﻟﺴﻮداء ﻓﺎﺋﻘﺔ اﻟﻜﺘﻠـﺔ ان. ﰲ اﻟﻜﻮن ﻫـﺬه اﻟﻜـﻮازارات اﻻﺳـﺘﺜﻨﺎﺋﻴﺔ ﺗﻨﺘﻤﻲ إﱃ ﻓـﱰة ﻣﻔﺼـ ﻠﻴﺔ ﰲ ﺗـﺎرﻳﺦ اﻟﻜـ ﻮن ﺗﻌﺮف ﺑﺎﺳﻢ ﺣﻘﺒﺔ إﻋﺎدة اﻟﺘﺄﻳﻦ وﻫﻲ ا ﺮ ﺣﻠﺔ اﻟﺘـﻲ اﻧﺘﻘـﻞ ﺧﻼﻟﻬـﺎ اﻟﻜـﻮن ﻣـﻦ اﻟﻌﺼـﻮر ا ﻈﻠﻤﺔ ﺣﻴﺚ ﻛﺎن ﺑﺎرد اً اً وﻣﺤﺎﻳﺪ إﱃ ﺎً ﻛﻬﺮﺑﺎﺋﻴ ﻛﻮن ﻣﻀﺎء ﺑﺎﻹﺷـﻌﺎع ا ـﺆﻳﻦ ا ﻟﺼـﺎدر ﻋـﻦ اﻟﻨﺠـﻮم وا ﺠـﺮات اﻷوﱃ وﻗـﺪ ﻣﻬـﺪت ﻫـﺬه ا ﺮﺣﻠﺔ اﻟﻄﺮﻳﻖ ﻟﺘﻜﻮّن اﻟﺒﻨﻴﺔ اﻟﻜﻮﻧﻴـﺔ اﻟﺘـﻲ ﻧﺮاﻫ ﺎ اﻟﻴﻮم . وﻗﺎﻟﺖ ﻓﺎﻟ ﻳﺎ ﺑﻴﺘﻮرﻳﻨـﻮ، ﻋﺎ ـﺔ ا ﺮﺣﻠﺔ اﻟﻄﺮﻳﻖ ﻟﺘﻜﻮّن اﻟﺒﻨﻴﺔ اﻟﻜﻮﻧﻴـﺔ اﻟﺘـﻲ ﻧﺮاﻫ ﺎ اﻟﻴﻮم . ﻗﺎﻟﺖ ﻓﺎﻟ ﻳـﺎ ﺑﻴﺘﻮرﻳﻨـﻮ ﻋﺎ ـﺔ ﻣﴩوع إﻗﻠ ﻴﺪس ﰲ وﻛﺎﻟﺔ اﻟﻔﻀﺎء اﻷوروﺑﻴﺔ : " اﻟﻜﻮازارات ا ﻟﻘﺪﻳﻤﺔ ﻟﻴﺴﺖ ﻣﺠﺮد اﻛﺘﺸﺎﻓﺎت ﻧﺎدرة ﺑﻞ ﻫﻲ أﻳﻀًﺎ آﻻت زﻣﻨﻴـﺔ ﺗﻤﻜﻨﻨـﺎ ﻣـﻦ اﺳﺘﻜﺸﺎف اﻟﻜﻮن ا ﺒﻜﺮ وﻓﻬﻢ ﻛﻴﻔﻴﺔ ﻧﺸـﻮ ء اﻟﺠﻴ ـﻞ اﻷول ﻣ ـﻦ ا ". ﺠــﺮات وأﺿ ـﺎﻓﺖ أن ﺗﻠﺴﻜﻮب إﻗﻠﻴﺪس ﻳﺠﻤﻊ ﺑـ ﻣﺠـﺎل رؤﻳـﺔ واﺳﻊ، وﻋﻤﻖ رﺻﺪي ﻛﺒـ ، وﺻـﻮر ﻋﺎﻟﻴـﺔ واﺳﻊ وﻋﻤﻖ رﺻﺪي ﻴﺔ ـﻋﺎﻟ ﻮر وﺻ ﻛﺒ اﻟﺪﻗﺔ وﻗﺪرات ﻓﺮﻳـﺪة ﰲ اﻷﺷـﻌﺔ ﺗﺤـﺖ اﻟﺤﻤﺮاء ﻣﻦ اﻟﻔﻀﺎء ﻣﻤﺎ ﻳﺴـﻤﺢ ﺑﺎﻛﺘﺸـﺎف أﺟﺴﺎم ﺑﻌﻴﺪة وﻧﺎدرة ﺑﻜﻔﺎءة ﻏ ﻣﺴـﺒﻮﻗﺔ . ﻛﻤﺎ أﻛﺪت أن ﻣﻌﺎﻟﺠﺔ اﻟﺒ ﻴﺎﻧـﺎت ﺗﻌﺘﻤـﺪ ﻋـﲆ ﺟﻬﻮد آﻻف اﻟﻌﻠ ﻤﺎء وا ﻬﻨﺪﺳ ﺿﻤﻦ اﺗﺤـﺎد ﻣﴩوع إﻗﻠﻴﺪس اﻟﺬﻳﻦ ﻳﻘﻮﻣـﻮن ﺑﺘﻤﺤـﻴﺺ ﻛﻤﻴﺎت ﻫﺎﺋﻠﺔ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎت ﻻﺳـﺘﺨﺮاج ﻫـﺬه اﻷﺟﺮام اﻟﻨﺎدرة . اﺳﺘُﺨﺮﺟﺖ ﻫـﺬه اﻻ ﻛﺘﺸـﺎﻓﺎت ﻣـﻦ ﺑﻴﺎﻧـﺎت ا ﺴﺢ اﻟﻮاﺳﻊ اﻟﺬي ﺳـﻴﻐﻄﻲ ﻋﻨـﺪ اﻛﺘﻤﺎﻟـﻪ أﻛﺜﺮ ﻣﻦ ﺛﻠﺚ ﻣﺴﺎﺣﺔ اﻟﺴﻤﺎء . ﻳ ﻌﺪ ﻫﺬا ا ﺴﺢ ﻣﻦ أﺿﺨﻢ ا ﴩوﻋﺎت اﻟﻔﻠﻜﻴ ﺔ اﻟﻔﻀﺎﺋﻴﺔ اﻟﺘﻲ ﻧﻔﺬت ﺣﺘـﻰ اﻟﻴـﻮم إذ ﻳـﻮﻓﺮ ﺑﻴﺎﻧﺎت وﺻﻮر اً ﻋﺎﻟﻴﺔ اﻟﺪﻗﺔ ﻠﻴﺎرات ا ﺠـﺮات ﻣﻮزﻋﺔ ﻋﲆ ﻣﺴﺎﺣﺔ ﺷﺎﺳـﻌﺔ ﻣـﻦ اﻟﺴـﻤﺎء وﺳﺘُﺴﻬﻢ ﻫﺬه اﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎت ﰲ دراﺳـﺔ ا ﺠـﺮا ت اﻟﺒﻌﻴﺪة واﻟ ﻌﻨﺎﻗﻴـﺪ ا ﺠﺮﻳـﺔ إﱃ ﺟﺎﻧـﺐ ﺗﺘﺒـ ﻊ ﺗﻄﻮر اﻟﻜﻮن ﻋﱪ ﻣﻠﻴـﺎرات اﻟﺴـﻨ ورﺻـﺪ اﻷﺟﺮام اﻟﻨﺎ درة ﻣﺜﻞ اﻟﻜـﻮازارات اﻷوﱃ اﻟﺘـﻲ ﺗﺸﻜﻠﺖ ﺑﻌﺪ اﻻﻧﻔﺠﺎر اﻟﻌﻈﻴﻢ ﺑﻔﱰة وﺟﻴﺰة . ﻳﻬﺪف ﺗﻠﺴﻜﻮب إﻗﻠﻴـﺪس إﱃ دراﺳـﺔ اﻟﻜـﻮن ا ﻈﻠﻢ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼل اﻟﻜﺸﻒ ﻋﻦ ﻃﺒﻴﻌـﺔ ا ـﺎدة ا ﻈﻠﻤﺔ واﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ ا ﻈﻠﻤﺔ وﺗﺘﺒﻊ ﺗﺎرﻳﺦ ﺗﻄﻮر اﻟﻜﻮن ورﺳﻢ ﺧﺮﻳﻄﺘﻪ واﺳﻌﺔ اﻟﻨﻄـﺎق ﻋـﱪ رﺻ ﺪ ﻣﻠﻴـﺎرات ا ﺠـﺮات ودراﺳـﺔ ﺗﻮزﻳﻌﻬـﺎ وﺗ ﻄﻮرﻫﺎ ﻋﱪ اﻟﺰﻣﻦ إﱃ ﺟﺎﻧﺐ اﻛﺘﺸﺎف أﻋﺪاد ﻛﺒ ة ﻣﻦ اﻟﻜﻮازارات اﻟﺒﻌﻴﺪة . - ﺳﺒﺘﻤﺒﺮ ﺃﻛﺘﻮﺑﺮ 2 0 2 6 ﻈﻬﺮ ـﺎﻧﻲﻣﻮاﻗـﻊ ﻫـﺬا اﻟﺮﺳـﻢ اﻟﺒ 31 ـﻮازاراً ﺗـــــــــــﻢ اﻛﺘﺸـــــــــــﺎﻓﻬﺎ ﺣـــــــــــﺪ ﺜﺎً ) اﻟﻨﻘـــــــــــﺎط اﻟﺼـــــــــــﻔﺮاء ( ﺑﻮاﺳــــــﻄﺔ ﻣﻬﻤــــــﺔ ﺗﻠﺴـــــــ ﻮب ــــــﺪسوﻧﻄـــــــﺎق إﻗﻠ ﻣﺴـﺢ اﻟﻤﻬﻤـﺔ ﻓـﻲ أﻏﺴـﻄﺲ 2014 ) اﻟﻤﻨﻄﻘـﺔ اﻟ ﺰرﻗـــﺎء .( ـــﻮازارات اﻟﻤﻜﺘﺸـــﻔﺔ ﻣﻮﺿـــﺤﺔ أ ﻌـــﺪ اﻟ ﻛﻨﻘـﺎط ﻤـﺮاء . ــﻮازارﻫـﻮ اﻟﻤﻮﺟــﻮد ﻋﻠــﻰ أ ﻌـﺪ اﻟ ﻤـ EUCL J172902.75+641018.1 ) اﻧﺰ ـﺎح أ ﻤﺮ 7.77 ( وﺛﺎﻧﻲ أ ﻌﺪ ﻮازار ) اﻟﻨﻘﻄﺔ اﻟ ـ ﻤﺮاء ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟ ﺴـﺎر ( EUCL J125308.55+705432.3 ) اﻧﺰ ــــــﺎح أ ﻤــــــﺮ 7.69 .( ﺗــــــﻢ دﻣــــــﺞ ﻫــــــﺬﻩ اﻟﺼــــــﻮرة اﻟﺸـــــﺎﻣﻠﺔ ﻟﻠﺴـــــﻤﺎء ﻣـــــ ﻊ ﺧﺮﻄـــــﺔ ﻼﻧـــــﻚ اﻟﺘﺎ ﻌـــــﺔ ـــــــﺔ ﻟﻌـــــــﺎم ﻟﻮ ﺎﻟـــــــﺔ اﻟﻔﻀـــــــﺎء اﻷوروﺑ 2014 ـــــــﺚ ﺣ ﺘﻮاﻓﻖ اﻟﺸﺮﻂ اﻷﻓﻘﻲ اﻟﺴﺎﻃﻊ ﻣﻊ ﻣﺴـﺘﻮى ﻣﺠﺮ ﻨﺎ در اﻟﺘ ﺎﻧﺔ ﺣ ﺚ ﺗﻘﻊ ﻣﻌﻈﻢ ﻧﺠﻮﻣﻬﺎ . [ESA/Euclid/Euclid Consortium/ NASA/Planck Collaboration/A. Mellinger; Acknowledgment: Jean- Charles Cuillandre, João Dinis)]