Free Astronomy Magazine September-October 2026 ARABIC VERSION

SEPTEMBER-OCTOBER2026         XMM-Newton & Chandra revise distance to the outer spiral arms byESA erhaps surprisingly, we don’t know much about the structure ofourgalaxy’souterregions. It’s difficult to observe our galaxy from the inside; the Solar System is wellembeddedinitsdisc,prevent- ingabird’seyeview,andmanyre- gionsareobscuredbythickcloudsof cosmic dust. But this is changing: we’ve learnt a huge amount since the launch of ESA’s star-surveying Gaiaspacetelescope.Usingdatacol- lected by Gaia, scientists are cur- rently mapping the Milky Way galaxyinmoredetailthaneverbe- forebymeasuringprecisedistances toitsstars.BeforeGaia,weweren’t evensureifourgalaxyhadtwoor إﻋﺎدةﻗ ﺎساﻷذرع اﻟـﺨﺎرﺟ ﺔ ﻟﻤﺠﺮة در اﻟﺘ ﺎﻧﺔ : ﻘﻠﻢ و ﺎﻟﺔ اﻟﻔﻀﺎء اﻷوروﺑ ﺔ ﻗـﺪ ﻳﺒﺪو اﻷﻣﺮ ﻣﻔﺎﺟﺌ ﺎً ﻟﻜﻨﻨﺎ ﻻ ﻧﻌﺮف اﻟﻜﺜـ ﻋ ﻦ ﺑﻨﻴﺔ ا ﻨـﺎﻃﻖ اﻟﺨﺎرﺟﻴـﺔ ﺠﺮﺗﻨـﺎ ﻓﻤـﻦ اﻟﺼﻌﺐ رﺻﺪ ﻣﺠﺮة درب اﻟﺘﺒﺎﻧﺔ ﻣﻦ اﻟـﺪاﺧﻞ إ ذ ﻳﻘﻊ اﻟﻨﻈﺎم اﻟﺸﻤﴘ ﰲ ﻋﻤﻖ ﻗﺮﺻﻬﺎ ﻣﻤﺎ ﻳﻤﻨﻊ اﻟﺤﺼﻮل ﻋﲆ رؤﻳﺔ ﺷـﺎﻣﻠﺔ ﻟﻬـﺎ ﻛﻤـﺎ ﺗﺤﺠﺐ اﻟﻌﺪﻳﺪ ﻣﻦ ا ﻨﺎﻃﻖ ﺳﺤﺐ ﻛﺜﻴﻔﺔ ﻣـﻦ ﻳ ﺤﺠﺐ اﻟﻌﺪﻳﺪ ﻣﻦ ا ﻨﺎﻃﻖ ﺳﺤﺐ ﻛﺜﻴﻔﺔ ﻣـﻦ اﻟﻐﺒﺎ ر اﻟﻜﻮﻧﻲ إﻻ أن ﻫﺬا اﻟﻮﺿـﻊ ﺑـﺪأ ﻳﺘﻐـ ﻓﻘﺪ ﺗﻌﻠﻤﻨ ﺎ اﻟﻜﺜ ﻣﻨﺬ إﻃﻼق ﺗﻠﺴﻜﻮب ﻏﺎﻳـﺎ اﻟﻔﻀﺎﺋﻲ اﻟﺘﺎﺑﻊ ﻟﻮﻛﺎﻟـﺔ اﻟﻔﻀـﺎء اﻷوروﺑﻴـﺔ وا ﺨﺼــﺺ ﺴــﺢ اﻟﻨﺠــﻮم وﺑﺎﺳــﺘﺨﺪام اﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎت اﻟﺘﻲ ﺟﻤﻌﻬﺎ ﻏﺎﻳـﺎ، ﻳﺮﺳـﻢ اﻟﻌﻠﻤـﺎء اﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎت اﻟﺘﻲ ﺟﻤﻌﻬﺎ ﺗﻠﺴﻜﻮب ﻏﺎﻳـﺎ ﻳﺮﺳـﻢ ا ﻟﻌﻠﻤﺎء ﺣﺎﻟﻴـ ﺎً ﺧﺮﻳﻄـﺔ ﺠـﺮة درب اﻟﺘﺒﺎﻧـﺔ ﺑﺘﻔﺎﺻﻴﻞ ﻏ ﻣﺴـﺒﻮﻗﺔ ﻣـﻦ ﺧـﻼل ﻗﻴـﺎس ا ﺴﺎﻓﺎت إﱃ ﻧﺠﻮﻣﻬﺎ ﺑﺪﻗﺔ ﻋﺎﻟﻴﺔ وﻗﺒﻞ ﻣﻬﻤﺔ ﻏﺎﻳﺎ ﻟﻢ ﻳﻜﻦ اﻟﻌﻠﻤﺎء ﻣﺘﺄﻛﺪﻳﻦ ﺣﺘـﻰ ﻣﻤـﺎ إذا ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﻣﺠﺮﺗﻨﺎ ﺗﻤﺘﻠـﻚ ذراﻋـ ﺣﻠـﺰوﻧﻴﺘ أم - ﺳﺒﺘﻤﺒﺮ ﺃﻛﺘﻮﺑﺮ 2 0 2 6