Free Astronomy Magazine September-October 2026 ARABIC VERSION

hasbeenmagnifiedanddis- torted by the gravity of a massive foreground galaxy, splitting it into four sepa- rate images. By combining ALMA’shigh-resolutiondata withgravitational-lensmod- eling,theresearchteamre- constructedthegalaxy’strue structure and probed the dense gas fueling its star- burst. Neutrinos are electrically neutralelementaryparticles that interact only weakly withmatter.Theycantravel through gas, dust, and mag- netic fields almost unal- tered, carrying information directly from some of the most energetic environ- ments in the universe. OnSeptember22,2021,Ice- Cube — embedded deep in theAntarcticice—detected a high-energy neutrino e- ventdesignatedIC210922A, with an estimated energyofroughly750teraelec tron- volts,farbeyondwhatmost known astronomical proc- esses can produce. Telescopesaroundtheworld searched the neutrino’s lo- calization region across the spectrum but found no con- vincinggamma-ray,X-ray,or opticaltransienttoexplain it.Follow-upobservationswiththe James Clerk Max-well Telescope turned up an exceptionally bright submillimetersourcewithinthere- gion. The Submillimeter Array re- fined its position, and ALMA then providedtheresolutionandspectral detail needed to determine its phys- icalnature.Theteamestimatesthe chanceoffindingsuchanunusually bright submillimeter galaxy at ran- domwithintheIceCubelocalization regionatroughly1%orlower.That doesn’testablishadefinitivephysi- cal link, but the positional coinci- dence — combined with the ab- sence of any equally plausible alternative — makes Shadow Blastertheleadingcandidatecoun- terpart in the field. ALMA observed Shadow Blaster in Bands 3, 4, and 5. Its highest-resolu- tion continuum data resolved the source into four distinct images arranged around a foreground el- liptical galaxy — the signature of strong gravitational lensing, in which the foregroundgalaxy’s grav- ity bends and magnifies light from the much more distant background source, acting as a natural cosmic telescope. Using the four lensed im- ages together with optical and in- frareddataontheforeground gal-axy, the team modeled the lens- ingeffectandreconstructed Shadow Blaster’s intrinsic appear-ance. The reconstruction revealedan extended star-forming region roughly 1,700 light-years across, alongside an even more compact, unresolvedcomponent.Themagni- SEPTEMBER-OCTOBER2026 ﺿﺨﻤﺔ ﺗﻘﻊ ﰲ ا ﻘﺪﻣﺔ ﻣﻤﺎ أدى إﱃ اﻧ ﻘﺴﺎم ﺻـﻮرﺗﻬﺎ إﱃ أرﺑـﻊ ﺻـﻮر ﻣﻨﻔﺼﻠﺔ وﻣﻦ ﺧـﻼل اﻟﺠﻤـﻊ ﺑـ ﺑﻴﺎﻧﺎت ﻣﺼﻔﻮﻓﺔ أ ﺎ ﻋﺎﻟﻴـﺔ اﻟﺪﻗـﺔ وﻧﻤـﺎذج اﻟﻌﺪﺳـﺔ اﻟﺠﺎذﺑﻴـﺔ أﻋـﺎد ﻓﺮﻳﻖ اﻟ ﺒﺤﺚ ﺑﻨﺎء اﻟﺒﻨﻴﺔ اﻟﺤﻘﻴﻘﻴـﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﺠﺮة ودرس اﻟﻐﺎز اﻟﻜﺜﻴﻒ اﻟـﺬي ﻳﻐﺬي اﻻﻧﻔﺠﺎر اﻟﻨﺠﻤﻲ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ . وﺗ ﻌﺪ اﻟﻨﻴﻮﺗﺮﻳﻨﻮات ﺟﺴﻴﻤﺎت أوﻟﻴـﺔ ﻣﺘﻌﺎدﻟﺔ ﻛﻬﺮﺑﺎﺋﻴﺎً وﻻ ﺗﺘﻔﺎ ﻋـﻞ ﻣـﻊ ا ﺎدة إﻻ ﺑﺼﻮرة ﺿﻌﻴﻔﺔ ﺟﺪ اً وﻟﻬﺬا ﺗﺴ ـﺘﻄﻴﻊ ﻋﺒ ـﻮر اﻟﻐ ـﺎز واﻟﻐﺒ ـﺎر واﻟﺤﻘــﻮل ا ﻐﻨﺎﻃﻴﺴــﻴﺔ دون أ ن ﺗﺘﻐ ـ ﻛﺜ ـ اً ﺣﺎﻣﻠ ـﺔً ﻣﻌﻠﻮﻣ ـﺎ ت ﻣﺒﺎﴍة ﻣﻦ ﺑﻌـﺾ أﻛﺜـ ﺮ اﻟﺒﻴﺌـﺎت ﻧﺸـﺎﻃﺎً وﻃﺎﻗـﺔ ﰲ اﻟﻜـﻮن وﰲ 22 ﺳﺒﺘﻤﱪ 2021 رﺻﺪ ﻣﺮﺻـﺪ آﻳـﺲ ﻛﻴﻮب ا ﺪﻓﻮن ﻋﻤﻴﻘ دا ﺎً ﺧـﻞ ﺟﻠﻴـﺪ اﻟﻘﺎرة اﻟﻘﻄﺒﻴـﺔ اﻟﺠﻨﻮﺑﻴـﺔ ﺣـﺪث ﻧﻴﻮﺗﺮﻳﻨــﻮ ﻋــﺎﱄ اﻟﻄﺎﻗــﺔ ﺣﻤــﻞ اﻟﺘﺴــﻤﻴﺔ IC 210922A ﺑﻄﺎﻗــﺔ ﻗُـﺪرت ﺑﻨﺤـﻮ 750 ﺗـ ا إﻟﻜـﱰون ﻓﻮﻟﺖ، وﻫﻲ ﻃﺎﻗﺔ ﺗﺘﺠﺎوز ﺑﻜﺜ ﻣﺎ ﺗﺴﺘﻄﻴﻊ ﻣﻌﻈﻢ اﻟﻈﻮاﻫﺮ اﻟﻔﻠﻜﻴـﺔ ا ﻌﺮوﻓـــﺔ إﻧﺘﺎﺟـــﻪ وﺑﺤﺜ ـــﺖ اﻟﺘﻠﺴﻜﻮﺑﺎت ﺣﻮل اﻟﻌﺎﻟﻢ ﰲ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﺔ ﺗﺤﺪﻳــﺪ ﻣﻮﻗــﻊ اﻟﻨﻴﻮﺗﺮﻳﻨــﻮ ﻋــﱪ ﻣ ﺨﺘﻠــــﻒ أﻃــــﻮال اﻟﻄﻴــــﻒ اﻟﻜﻬﺮوﻣﻐﻨﺎﻃﻴﴘ ﻟﻜﻨﻬﺎ ﻟﻢ ﺗﺠﺪ أي ﻣﺼﺪر ﻋﺎﺑﺮ ﻣﻘﻨﻊ ﻷﺷﻌﺔ ﻏﺎﻣـﺎ أو اﻷﺷﻌﺔ اﻟﺴﻴﻨﻴﺔ أو اﻟﻀـﻮء ا ﺮﺋـﻲ ﻳﻤﻜ ـﻦ أن ﻳــ ـ ﻔﴪ ﻫ ـﺬا اﻟﺤــﺪث . وأﻇﻬﺮت أرﺻﺎد ا ﺘﺎﺑﻌﺔ ﺑﺎﺳﺘ ﺨﺪام ﻣﺠﻠﺔ FreeAstronomy ﺎﻟﻌﺮ ﺔ 29 ﻔـ ﻦ أن ﻳ ﴪ ﻫﺬا اﻟﺤﺪث وأﻇﻬﺮت أرﺻﺎد ا ﺘﺎﺑﻌﺔ ﺑﺎﺳﺘ ﺨﺪام ﺗﻠﺴﻜﻮب ﺟـﻴﻤﺲ ﻛﻠـ ك ﻣﺎﻛﺴﻮﻳﻞ وﺟﻮد ﻣﺼﺪر ﺑﺎﻟﻎ اﻟﺴـﻄﻮع ﻋﻨـﺪ اﻷﻃﻮال ا ﻮﺟﻴﺔ دون ا ﻠﻴﻤﱰﻳـﺔ داﺧـﻞ ﺗﻠـﻚ ا ﻨﻄﻘــﺔ وﻗﺎﻣ ـﺖ ﻣﺼـﻔﻮﻓﺔ دون ا ﻠﻴﻤ ـﱰ ﺑﺘﺤﺪﻳﺪ ﻣﻮﻗﻌﻪ ﺑﺪﻗﺔ أﻛﱪ ﺛﻢ وﻓﺮت ﻣﺼﻔﻮﻓﺔ أ ﺎ اﻟﺪﻗﺔ ا ﻜﺎﻧﻴﺔ واﻟﺘﻔﺎﺻﻴﻞ اﻟﻄﻴ ﻔﻴﺔ ا ﻟﻼزﻣﺔ ﻟﺘﺤﺪﻳﺪ ﻃﺒﻴﻌﺘﻪ اﻟﻔﻴﺰﻳﺎﺋﻴﺔ وﻳﻘﺪر اﻟﻔﺮﻳﻖ أن اﺣﺘﻤﺎل اﻟﻌﺜﻮر ﺑﺎ ﺼـﺎدﻓﺔ ﻋـﲆ ﻣﺠـﺮة دون ﻣﻠﻴﻤﱰﻳﺔ ﺑﻬﺬا اﻟﺴﻄﻮع داﺧﻞ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﺔ ﺗﺤﺪﻳﺪ ﻣﻮﻗﻊ ﻣﺮﺻـﺪ آﻳـﺲ ﻛﻴـﻮب ﻻ ﻳﺘﺠـﺎوز 1 % ﺎً ﺗﻘﺮﻳﺒ وﻻ ﻳﺜ ﺒﺖ ذﻟﻚ وﺟﻮد ارﺗﺒﺎط ﻓﻴﺰﻳـﺎﺋﻲ ﻗﺎﻃﻊ إﻻ أن اﻟﺘﻮاﻓﻖ ا ﻜﺎﻧﻲ إﱃ ﺟﺎﻧﺐ ﻏﻴـﺎب أي ﺑـﺪﻳﻞ آﺧـﺮ ﻳ ﺘﻤﺘـﻊ ﺑﺎﻟﻘـﺪر ﻧﻔﺴـﻪ ﻣـﻦ أي ﺑـﺪﻳﻞ آﺧـ ﺮ ﻳﺘﻤﺘـﻊ ﺑﺎﻟﻘـﺪر ﻧﻔﺴـﻪ ﻣـﻦ اﻻﺣﺘﻤﺎل ﻳﺠﻌـﻞ » ﺷـﺎدو ﺑﻼﺳـﱰ « ا ﺮﺷـﺢ اﻷﻗﻮى ﻟﻴﻜﻮن اﻟﻨﻈ ا ﺮﺗﺒﻂ ﺑﻬﺬا اﻟﺤـﺪث ﰲ ﺗﻠﻚ ا ﻨﻄﻘﺔ . ورﺻﺪت ﻣﺼﻔﻮﻓﺔ أ ﺎ ا ﺠﺮة ﰲ اﻟﻨﻄﺎﻗـــﺎت 3 و 4 و 5 وﻛﺸـــﻔﺖ ﺑﻴﺎﻧـــﺎت اﻻﺳﺘﻤﺮارﻳﺔ ذات أﻋﲆ دﻗﺔ أن ا ﺼﺪر ﻳﻨﻘﺴﻢ إﱃ أر ﺑﻊ ﺻﻮر ﻣﺘﻤﻴـﺰة ﻣﺮﺗﺒـﺔ ﺣـﻮل ﻣﺠـﺮة إﻫﻠﻴﻠﺠﻴﺔ ﺗﻘﻊ ﰲ ا ﻘﺪﻣﺔ وﻫﻲ اﻟﺴﻤﺔ ا ﻤﻴﺰ ة ﻟﻈﺎﻫﺮة ﻋﺪﺳﺔ اﻟ ﺠﺎذﺑﻴﺔ اﻟﻘﻮﻳﺔ ﺣﻴﺚ ﺗﻌﻤـﻞ ﺟﺎذﺑﻴﺔ ا ﺠﺮة اﻷﻣﺎﻣﻴﺔ ﻋ ﲆ ﺛﻨﻲ وﺗﻜﺒ ﺿﻮء ا ﺠﺮة اﻷﺑﻌـﺪ ﻣﺆدﻳـﺔ دور ﺗﻠﺴـﻜﻮب ﻛـﻮﻧﻲ ﻃﺒﻴﻌﻲ وﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪام اﻟﺼﻮر اﻷرﺑـﻊ اﻟﻨﺎﺗﺠـﺔ ﻋـﻦ ﻋﺪﺳـﺔ اﻟﺠـﺎذﺑﻴﻮ إﱃ ﺟﺎﻧـﺐ اﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧـﺎ ت ﺒﴫﻳﺔ ـاﻟ وﺗﺤﺖ اﻟﺤﻤﺮاء اﻟﺨﺎﺻـﺔ ﺑـﺎ ﺠﺮة ـاﻟ ﺒﴫﻳﺔ وﺗﺤﺖ اﻟﺤﻤﺮاء اﻟﺨﺎﺻـﺔ ﺑـﺎ ﺠﺮة اﻷﻣﺎﻣﻴﺔ ﺑﻨﻰ اﻟﻔﺮﻳﻖ ﻧﻤﻮذﺟﺎً ﻟﺘـﺄﺛ ﻋﺪ ﺳـﺔ اﻟﺠﺎذﺑﻴﺔ وأﻋﺎد ﺑﻨﺎء اﻟﺸﻜﻞ اﻟﺤﻘﻴﻘﻲ ﺠـﺮة » ﺷﺎدو ﺑﻼﺳـﱰ « وﻛﺸـﻒ ﻫـﺬا اﻟﺒﻨـﺎء ﻋـﻦ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﺔ ﻣﻤﺘﺪة ﻟﺘﻜﻮّن اﻟﻨﺠﻮم ﻳﺒﻠﻎ ﻋﺮﺿـﻬﺎ 1700 ﺳﻨﺔ ﺿﻮﺋﻴﺔ إﱃ ﺟﺎﻧـﺐ ﻣﻜـﻮّن أﻛﺜـﺮ ﺎً ﺗﺮاﺻ ﻟﻢ ﻳﻤﻜﻦ ﺣﻠﻪ ﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴـ ﺎً وأﺗـﺎح اﻟﺘﻜﺒـ اﻟﻨﺎﺗﺞ ﻋﻦ ﻋﺪﺳﺔ اﻟﺠ ﺎذﺑﻴﺔ أ ـﺎ ) ﺼـﻔﻮﻓﺔ ( دراﺳ ﺔ ﻣﻘﺎﻳﻴﺲ ﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﺔ ﻛﺎن ﻣﻦ اﻟﺼﻌﺐ ﺟﺪ اً رﺻﺪﻫﺎ ﻋﻨﺪ ﻫﺬه ا ﺴﺎﻓﺔ . ورﺻﺪت ﻣﺼﻔﻮﻓﺔ أ ﺎ ﻋﺪة ﺧﻄﻮط اﻧﺒﻌﺎث ﻷول أﻛﺴﻴﺪ اﻟﻜﺮﺑﻮن واﻟﻜﺮﺑﻮن اﻟﺬري ا ﺘﻌﺎدل ﻣﻤـﺎ أﺗـﺎح ﺗﺤﺪﻳـﺪ اﻻﻧﺰﻳﺎح اﻷﺣﻤﺮ ﺑﺪﻗﺔ ﻋﻨـﺪ z = 2.988 أي أن اﻟﻀﻮء ﺑﺪأ رﺣﻠﺘﻪ ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ ﻛﺎن ﻋﻤـﺮ اﻟﻜـﻮن ﻻ ﺗﻈﻬﺮ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺗ ﻤﻞ اﻻﺳﻢ اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻌﺎر اﻟﺼﻮرة ﻟﻘﻄﺔ ﻣﻘﺮﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﺠﺮة اﻟﻮاﻗﻌﺔ ﺧﻠﻒﻋﺪﺳﺔﺟﺎذﺑ ﺔ واﻟ » ﺷﺎدو ﻼﺳ « ﺣـﺪدﻫﺎ واﻟـ ﻋﻠﻤــﺎء اﻟﻔﻠـﻚ ﺑﻮﺻـﻔﻬﺎ اﻟﻤﺼـﺪر اﻟﻤـﺮﺟﺢ ﻟـ ـ ﺤﺪث اﻟﻨﻴﻮﺗﺮ ﻨـﻮ ﻋــﺎﻟﻲ اﻟﻄﺎﻗـﺔ IC 210922A رﺻـﺪﻩ ﻣﺮﺻــﺪ اﻟـﺬ آ ﺲ ﻛﻴﻮب ﻟﻠﻨﻴﻮﺗﺮ ﻨـﻮات ﻋـﺎم 2021 . وﻓـﻲﻫـﺬﻩ اﻟـ ـ ﺤﺎﻟﺔ ﺗﻘـﻮم ﻣﺠـﺮة ﺗﻘـﻊ ﻓـﻲ ا ﻟﻤﻘﺪﻣـﺔ ﻻ ﺗﻈﻬـﺮﻓـﻲﻫـﺬﻩ اﻟﺼـﻮرة ﺜـ » ﺿﻮء ﻣﺠﺮة ﺷﺎدو ﻼﺳ « إﻟﻰ ﺗ ﻮﻳﻦ ﻋﺪة ﺻﻮرﻣﺸﻮﻫﺔ ﻟﻬﺎ ﺗﻈﻬﺮﻫﻨﺎ ﻋﻠﻰﻫﻴﺌﺔ أﻗﻮاسﺻﻔﺮاء اﻷ ﻌﺪ ﻣﻤﺎ ﻳﺆد . [NOIRLab/NSF/AURA/ALMA (ESO/NAOJ/NRAO)] - ﺳﺒﺘﻤﺒﺮ ﺃﻛﺘﻮﺑﺮ 2 0 2 6