Free Astronomy Magazine September-October 2026 ARABIC VERSION

SEPTEMBER-OCTOBER2026 it is today, like trying to spot a faint light against an increasingly bright sky.Byaccountingforthiseffect,the teamderivedamoleculargasmass of roughly 100 billion solar masses, afigureindependentlysupported orCO,amoleculecommonlyusedto trace molecular gas. The VLA de- tected a low-energy CO transition thattracesrelativelycoolgas–the most distant detection of this kind everreported,andthefirstinastar- forming galaxy this early in cosmic history. “Our results show galaxies just 700 million years after the Big Bang al- ready contained large reservoirs of cold gas available for star forma- tion,” saidCescon. “Withthesedeep NSF VLA observations, we were able to overcome the observational chal- lenges posed by the cosmic mi- crowave background.” That background – the ancient glow ofradiationleftoverfromtheearly universe–makestheseobservations especiallychallenging.Athighred- shift,itiswarmerandbrighterthan أﻛﺴﻴﺪ اﻟﻜﺮﺑﻮن )CO ( وﻫﻮ ﺟﺰيء ﻳ ﺴـﺘﺨﺪم ﻋـﲆ ﻧﻄـﺎق واﺳـﻊ ﻟﺘﺘﺒـﻊ اﻟﻐـﺎز اﻟﺠﺰﻳﺌـﻲ ورﺻﺪت ﻣﺼـﻔﻮﻓ ﺔ ﻛـﺎرل ﺟـﻲ ﺟﺎﻧﺴـﻜﻲ ـــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــ اﻟﻜﺒ ة ﺟﺪاً اﻧﺘﻘـﺎﻻً ﻣـﻨﺨﻔﺾ اﻟﻄﺎﻗـﺔ ﻷول أﻛﺴﻴﺪ اﻟﻜﺮﺑﻮن ﻳﺘﺘﺒﻊ اﻟﻐﺎز اﻟﺒﺎرد ﻧﺴﺒﻴ ﺎً وﻫﻮ أﺑﻌﺪ رﺻﺪ ﻣﻦ ﻫﺬا اﻟﻨـﻮع ﻳ ﻌﻠـﻦ ﻋﻨـﻪ ﺣﺘـﻰ ــــ ـــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــ اﻵن وأول رﺻﺪ ﰲ ﻣﺠﺮة ﺗﺸﻬﺪ ﺗﻜﻮّﻧ ﺎً ﻟﻠﻨﺠﻮم ﰲ ﻫﺬه ا ﺮ ﺣﻠﺔ ا ﺒﻜﺮة ﻣﻦ اﻟﺘـﺎرﻳﺦ اﻟﻜـ . ﻮﻧﻲ ﻗﺎﻟﺖ ﻛﺎرﻳﻦ ﺳﻴﺴﻜﻮن :» ﺗُﻈﻬـﺮ ﻧﺘﺎﺋﺠﻨـﺎ أن ا ﺠﺮات ﺑﻌﺪ 700 ﻣﻠﻴـﻮن ﺳـﻨﺔ ﻓﻘـﻂ ﻣـﻦ اﻻﻧﻔﺠﺎر اﻟﻌﻈﻴﻢ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﺗﺤﺘﻮي ﺑﺎﻟﻔﻌـﻞ ﻋـﲆ ﺧﺰاﻧﺎت ﻛﺒ ة ﻣﻦ اﻟﻐﺎز اﻟﺒﺎرد ا ﺘﺎح ﻟﺘﻜﻮﻳﻦ اﻟﻨﺠﻮم . وﺑﻔﻀﻞ ﻫﺬه اﻷرﺻﺎد اﻟﻌﻤﻴﻘﺔ اﻟﺘـﻲ أﺟﺮﺗﻬﺎ ﻣﺼﻔﻮﻓ ﺔ ﻛﺎرل ﺟﻲ ﺟﺎﻧﺴﻜﻲ اﻟﻜﺒ ة ﺟﺪاً اﻟﺘﺎﺑﻌﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﺆﺳﺴﺔ اﻟﻮ ﻃﻨﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﻌﻠﻮم ﺗﻤﻜﻨﺎ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺘﻐﻠﺐ ﻋـﲆ اﻟﺘﺤـﺪﻳﺎت اﻟﺮﺻـﺪﻳﺔ اﻟﺘـﻲ ﺗﻔﺮﺿــﻬﺎ إﺷــ ﻌﺎﻋﺎت اﻟﺨﻠﻔﻴــﺔ اﻟﻜﻮﻧﻴــﺔ ا ﻴﻜﺮوﻳﺔ و .« ﺗُﻌﺪ اﻟﺨﻠﻔﻴﺔ اﻟﻜﻮﻧﻴﺔ ا ﻴﻜﺮوﻳـﺔ وﻫﻲ اﻟﺘﻮﻫﺞ اﻹﺷﻌﺎﻋﻲ اﻟﻘﺪﻳﻢ ا ﺘﺒﻘـﻲ ﻣـﻦ اﻟﻜﻮن ا ﺒﻜـﺮ ﻋـﺎﻣﻼً ﻳﺠﻌـﻞ ﻫـﺬه اﻷرﺻـﺎد ﺷﺪﻳﺪة اﻟﺼﻌﻮﺑﺔ . ﻓﻌﻨﺪ ﻗﻴﻢ اﻻﻧﺰﻳﺎح اﻷﺣﻤﺮ ا ﺮﺗﻔﻌﺔ ﺗ ﻜﻮن أﻛﺜﺮ دﻓﺌًﺎ وﺳﻄﻮﻋًﺎ ﻣﻤﺎ ﻫﻲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ اﻟﻴﻮم، وﻫﻮ ﻣـﺎ ﻳﺸﺒﻪ ﻣﺤﺎوﻟﺔ رﺻﺪ ﺿﻮء ﺧﺎﻓﺖ أﻣﺎم ﺳـﻤﺎء ﺗﺰداد ﺳﻄﻮﻋﺎً ﺑﺎﺳﺘﻤﺮار وﺑﻌﺪ أﺧﺬ ﻫﺬا اﻟﺘﺄﺛ ﻣﺼـــــــــــــــﻔﻮﻓﺔ ــــــــــــــــﺔ دون أﺗﺎ ﺎﻣــــــــــــــــﺎ اﻟﻤﻠ ﻤ اﻟﻤﻠ ﻤ ﺔ اﻟﻜﺒ ة ( أﻟﻤـﺎ ) ﻓـﻲﻣﻮﻗﻌﻬـﺎ ﻋﻠـﻰ ار ﻔـــــﺎع 16,500 ﻗــــــﺪم ﻓـــــﻲﺷــــــﻤﺎل ﺗﺸــــــ ﻠﻲ ﻻ ــﺪ اﻹﻧﺸــﺎء وﻗــﺖ اﻟﺘﻘــﺎطﻫــﺬﻩ اﻟﺼــﻮرة ﺗــﺰال ﻗ اﻣــــﺎ اﻟﻴــــﻮم ﻓﻬــــﻲ ﺗ ﻌــــﺪ أﻗــــﻮى ﺗﻠﺴــــ ﻮب ﻣـــــﻦ ﻧﻮﻋـــﮫ ﻓـــﻲ اﻟﻌـــﺎﻟﻢ اذ ﺗﻀـــﻢ 66 ـــﺎً ﻫﻮاﺋ ﻋـــﺎﻟﻲ ــــﻞ ﻣﻨﻬــــﺎ اﻟﺪﻗــــﺔ ﻳ ﻠــــﻎ ﻗﻄــــﺮ 12 ﻣــــ اً وﻣﻮزﻋــــﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺴﺎﻓﺎت ﺗﺼﻞ إﻟﻰ 16 ﻛ ﻠﻮﻣ اً . [W. Garnier,ALM (ESO/NAOJ/NRAO)] ﺻﻮرة ﻟﻠﻤﺠﺮة REBELS-25 اﻟﺘﻘﻄ ﻬﺎ ﺘ ﻣﺼﻔﻮﻓﺔ أﺗﺎ ﺎﻣﺎ اﻟﻤﻠ ﻤ ﺔ دون اﻟﻤﻠ ﻤ ﺔ اﻟﻜﺒ ة ( أﻟﻤﺎ ) [Credit: ALMA (ESO/NAOJ/NRAO)/L. Rowland et al.] - ﺳﺒﺘﻤﺒﺮ ﺃﻛﺘﻮﺑﺮ 2 0 2 6