Free Astronomy Magazine September-October 2026 ARABIC VERSION

SEPTEMBER-OCTOBER2026       Webb uncovers unusual galaxy shaped by cosmic collision byNASA/ESA/CSA LauraBetz,BethanyDowner,ChristinePulliam hole actively feeding on surround- ing material. As it does, the black holelaunchespowerfuljetsandre- leasesenormousamountsofenergy, nnewimagesfromNASA’sJames WebbSpaceTelescopetocele-brate its fourth science anniver- sary,afamiliargalaxytransforms into something far richer, and far more complex, than ever seen be- fore.Webb’sunprecedentedsensi- tivityacrossnear-andmid-infrared wavelengthscutsthroughthethick lanesofdustthatobscureCentaurus A’scenterinvisiblelight,showinga denselypackedtapestryofindivid- ualstarsandanactive,everchanging galaxy. These images mark fouryearsofbetter-than- anticipatedper-formance and successful science op-erations for the most powerfulspace telescope in history. CentaurusAis11millionlight-years awayfromEarth,relativelyclosein cosmicterms.Yet,unlikemostnear-by galaxies, it is very active, making it a powerful laboratory for under- standing how galaxies and black holes grow and evolve together. Atitscoresitsasupermassiveblack shapingthegalaxyaroundit.Atthe same time, Centaurus A bears the scarsofadramaticpast:amajorcol- lision with another galaxy roughly twobillionyearsago.Theaftermath ofthatmergerisstillvisibletodayin its unusual structure and ongoing star formation. Visible light observations from NA- SA’s Hu د bble Space Telescope could notrevealthecentralregionwhere dustblockedtheview,whileNASA’s retiredSpitzerSpaceTelescopere- ﻣﺠﻠﺔ FreeAstronomy ﺎﻟﻌﺮ ﺔ 12 و ﺐ ﻜﺘﺸﻒ ﻣﺠﺮة ﻏﺮ ﺔ ﺷ ﻠﻬﺎ ﺗﺼﺎدم ﻮﻧﻲ : ﻘﻠﻢ ﺑﻮﻻم ﻟﻮرا ﺑ ، ﺑ ﺜﺎﻧﻲداوﻧﺮ، ﻛﺮﺴﺘ ﻧﺎﺳﺎ / و ﺎﻟﺔ اﻟﻔﻀﺎء اﻷوروﺑ ﺔ / و ﺎﻟﺔ اﻟﻔﻀﺎء اﻟﻜﻨﺪ ﺔ ﻤﻨﺎﺳـ ﺔ اﻟ ـﺬﻛ ﺮى اﻟﺮاﺑﻌ ـﺔ ﻟﺒ ـﺪء ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎﺗــﻪ اﻟﻌﻠﻤﻴﺔ ﻧﴩ ﺗﻠﺴﻜﻮب ﺟﻴ ﻤﺲ وﻳﺐ اﻟﻔﻀﺎﺋﻲ اﻟﺘﺎﺑﻊ ﻟﻨﺎﺳﺎ ﺻﻮر اً ﺟﺪﻳﺪة ﺠﺮة ﻗﻨﻄـﻮرس أ ﻛﺸﻔﺖ ﻋﻦ ﺗﻔﺎﺻﻴﻞ ﻏـ ﻣﺴـﺒﻮﻗﺔ ﺣﻮ ﻟـﺖ ﻫﺬه ا ﺠﺮة ا ﺄﻟﻮﻓﺔ إﱃ ﻧﻈﺎم ﻛﻮﻧﻲ أﻛﺜﺮ ﺛﺮاءً اً وﺗﻌﻘﻴﺪ ﻣﻤﺎ ﻛﺎن ﻣﻌﺮوﻓـ ﺎً ﺎً ﺳـﺎﺑﻘ وﺑﻔﻀـﻞ اﻟﺤﺴﺎﺳﻴ ﺔ اﻟﻔﺎﺋﻘـﺔ ﻟﻠﺘﻠﺴـﻜﻮب ﰲ ﻧﻄـﺎﻗﻲ اﻷﺷﻌ ﺔ ﺗﺤﺖ اﻟﺤﻤـﺮاء اﻟﻘﺮﻳﺒـﺔ وا ﺘﻮﺳـﻄﺔ ﺗﻤﻜﻦ ﺗﻠﺴﻜﻮب وﻳﺐ ﻣـﻦ اﺧـﱰاق أﴍﻃـﺔ اﻟﻐﺒﺎر اﻟﻜﺜﻴﻔﺔ اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗ ﺤﺠﺐ ﻣﺮﻛـﺰ ا ﺠـﺮة ﰲ اﻟﻀﻮء ا ﺮﺋﻲ ﻟﻴﻜﺸﻒ ﻋﻦ ﺗﺠﻤﻊ ﻫﺎﺋـﻞ ﻣـﻦ اﻟﻨﺠـﻮم ا ﻨﻔـﺮدة إﺿـﺎﻓﺔ إﱃ ﻧـﻮاة ﻣﺠﺮﻳـﺔ ﻧﺸﻄﺔ ودﻳﻨﺎﻣﻴﻜﻴﺔ ﺗﺘﻐ ﺑﺎﺳﺘﻤﺮار وﺗﺠﺴـﺪ ﻫﺬه اﻟﺼﻮر أرﺑـﻊ ﺳـﻨﻮا ت ﻣـﻦ اﻷداء اﻟـﺬي ﺗﺠﺎوز اﻟﺘﻮﻗﻌﺎت واﻟﻨﺠﺎح اﻟﻌﻠﻤـﻲ ا ﺴـﺘﻤﺮ ﻷﻗﻮى ﺗﻠﺴﻜﻮب ﻓﻀﺎﺋﻲ ﺑُﻨﻲ ﺣﺘﻰ اﻵن . ﺗﻘﻊ ﻣﺠﺮة ﻗﻨﻄـﻮرس أ ﻋـﲆ ﺑﻌـﺪ ﻧﺤـﻮ 11 ﻣ ﻠﻴﻮن ﺳﻨﺔ ﺿﻮﺋﻴﺔ ﻣـﻦ اﻷرض وﻫـﻲ ﺗُﻌـﺪ ﻗﺮﻳﺒﺔ ﻧﺴﺒﻴ ﺎً وﻓﻖ ا ﻘﺎﻳﻴﺲ اﻟﻜﻮﻧﻴﺔ . إﻻ أﻧﻬـﺎ ﺗﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﻋﻦ ﻣﻌﻈﻢ ا ﺠﺮات ا ﺠﺎورة ﺑﻜﻮﻧﻬـﺎ ﻣﺠﺮة ﺷﺪﻳﺪة اﻟﻨﺸ ﺎط ﻣﻤﺎ ﻳﺠﻌﻠﻬـﺎ ﻣﺨﺘـﱪ اً ﺎً ﻃﺒﻴﻌﻴ ﺎً ﻣﺜﺎﻟﻴ ﻟﺪراﺳﺔ ﻛﻴﻔﻴﺔ ﻧﻤـﻮ ا ﺠـﺮات واﻟﺜﻘﻮب اﻟﺴﻮداء ﻓﺎﺋﻘـﺔ اﻟﻜﺘﻠـﺔ وﺗﻄﻮرﻫـﺎ واﻟﺜﻘﻮب اﻟﺴﻮداء ﻓﺎﺋﻘﺔ اﻟﻜﺘﻠﺔ وﺗﻄﻮرﻫﺎ ﻣﻌ ﺎً وﰲ ﻗﻠﺒﻬﺎ ﻳﻮﺟﺪ ﺛﻘﺐ أﺳﻮد ﻓﺎﺋﻖ اﻟﻜﺘﻠﺔ ﻳﻠ ﺘﻬﻢ ﺑﺎﺳﺘﻤﺮار ا ﺎدة ا ﺤﻴﻄـﺔ ﺑـﻪ وﺧـﻼل ﻫـﺬه اﻟﻌﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﻳﻄﻠﻖ ﻧﻔﺎ ﺛﺎت ﻗﻮﻳﺔ وﻛﻤﻴﺎت ﻫﺎﺋﻠـﺔ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ ﺗـﺆﺛﺮ ﺑﺼـﻮرة ﻣﺒـﺎﴍة ﰲ ﺑﻨﻴـﺔ ا ﺠﺮة وﺗﻄﻮرﻫﺎ . وﰲ اﻟﻮﻗﺖ ﻧﻔﺴﻪ ﺗﺤﻤﻞ ا ﺠـﺮة آﺛـﺎر ﻣـﺎضٍ ﻋﻨﻴﻒ إذ ﺗﻌﺮﺿﺖ ﻗﺒـﻞ ﻧﺤـﻮ ﻣﻠﻴـﺎر ي ﻋـﺎم ﻻﺻﻄﺪام ﻛﺒ ﻣﻊ ﻣﺠﺮة أﺧﺮى وﻻ ﺗﺰال آﺛﺎر ذﻟﻚ اﻻﻧﺪﻣﺎج واﺿﺤﺔ ﺣﺘﻰ اﻟﻴـﻮم ﰲ ﺑﻨﻴﺘﻬـﺎ ﻏــ ا ﻨﺘﻈﻤـﺔ واﺳـﺘﻤﺮار ﺗﺸـﻜﻞ اﻟﻨﺠـﻮم . داﺧﻠﻬﺎ ﻟﻢ ﺗﺘﻤﻜﻦ ﻣﺸﺎﻫﺪات ﺗﻠﺴﻜﻮب ﻫﺎﺑﻞ اﻟﻔﻀﺎﺋﻲ ﰲ اﻟﻀﻮء ا ﺮﺋﻲ ﻣﻦ ﻛﺸﻒ ا ﻨﻄﻘﺔ ا ﺮﻛﺰﻳـﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﺠـﺮة ﺑﺴــﺒﺐ ﺣﺠﺒﻬـﺎ ﺑﺎﻟﻐﺒـﺎر اﻟﻜﺜﻴـﻒ، ﺑﻴﻨﻤـﺎ أﻇﻬـﺮ ﺗﻠﺴـﻜﻮب ﺳـﺒﻴﺘﺰر - ﺳﺒﺘﻤﺒﺮ ﺃﻛﺘﻮﺑﺮ 2 0 2 6