Free Astronomy Magazine July-August 2026 ARABIC VERSION

stronomers have observed two planets forming in the discaroundayoungstar named WISPIT 2. Having previously detected one planet, the team have now employed European Southern Observatory (ESO) telescopes to confirm the presence of another. These observations, and the unique structureofthediscaroundthestar, indicate that the WISPIT 2 system could resemble a young Solar Sys- tem. “WISPIT 2 is the best look into ourownpastthatwehavetodate,” says Chloe Lawlor, PhD student at the University of Galway, Ireland, and lead author of the study pub- lished in The Astrophysical Journal Letters . The system is only the secondknown, after PDS 70, where two planets have been directly observed in the process of forming around their host star. Unlike PDS 70, how- ever, WISPIT 2 has a very extended planet- forming disc with distinctive gaps and rings. “These structures suggest that more planets are cur- rently forming, which we will even- tually detect,” Lawlor says. “WISPIT 2 gives us a critical labora- tory not just to observe the forma- tion of a single planet but an entire planetary system,” says Christian Ginski, study co-author and re- searcherattheUniversityofGalway. With such observations, astronomers aim to better understand how baby planetary systems develop into ma- ture ones, like our own. The first newborn planet found in the system — named WISPIT 2 b — wasdetectedlastyear,withamass almostfivetimesthatofJupiterand orbiting the central star at around 60timesthedistancebetweenEarth and the Sun. “This detection of a new world in formation really showed the amazing potential of ourcurrentinstrumentation,” said Richelle van Capelleveen, PhD stu- dentatLeidenObservatory,the Netherlands,andleaderofthepre- viousstudy.Afteranadditionalob- ject was identified near the star, measurementsmadewithESO’sVery Large Telescope (VLT) and the VLT Interferometer(VLTI)confirmedits planetarynature.Thenewplanet— WISPIT2c—isfourtimescloserto thecentralstarandistwiceasmas- siveasWISPIT2b.Bothplanetsare gasgiants,liketheouterplanetsin our Solar System. ToconfirmtheexistenceofWISPIT2 c the team employed the SPHERE in- strument on ESO’s VLT, which cap- tured an image of the object. The team then used the GRAVITY+ in- strumentontheVLTItoconfirmthat the object was indeed a planet. “Criticallyourstudymadeuseofthe recent upgrade to GRAVITY+ with- out which we would not have been able to get such a clear detection of the planet so close to its star,” says Guillaume Bourdarot, study co-au- thor and researcher at the Max Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics, Garching, Germany. Both planets in WISPIT 2 appear in clear gaps within the disc of dustand gas circling the young star. Thesegapsresultfromeachplanet’s development: particles in the disc accumulate, their gravity pulling in more material until an embryoplanet forms. The remaining mate- rial, around each gap, creates dis- tinctive dust rings in the disc. Besides the gaps that the two plan- ets were found in, there is at least one smaller gap farther out in the WISPIT 2 disc. “We suspect theremay be a third planet carving out this gap − says Lawlor − potentially of Saturn mass owing to the gap’s being much narrower and shal- lower.” The team are eager to make follow- up observations, with Ginski noting that “with ESO’s upcoming Extremely Large Telescope, we may be able to directly image such a planet .”   s) ﻣﺠﻠﺔ FreeAstronomy ﺎﻟﻌﺮ ﺔ 47 رﺻـﺪ ﻋﻠﻤﺎء اﻟﻔﻠﻚ ﻛـﻮﻛﺒ ﻳﺘﺸـﻜﻼ ن داﺧـﻞ اﻟﻘﺮص ا ﺤـﻴﻂ ﺑـﻨﺠﻢ ﻓﺘـﻲ ﻳ ﻌـﺮف ﺑﺎﺳـﻢ WISPIT 2 . وﺑﻌﺪ أن ﻛﺎن اﻟﻔﺮﻳﻖ ﻗﺪ اﻛﺘﺸﻒ ﻛﻮﻛ ﺒًﺎ واﺣﺪًا ﺳﺎﺑﻘًﺎ ﰲ ﻫﺬا اﻟﻨﻈـﺎم اﺳـﺘﺨﺪم اﻵن ﺗﻠ ﺴﻜﻮﺑﺎت ا ﺮﺻـﺪ اﻷوروﺑـﻲ اﻟﺠﻨـﻮﺑﻲ ﻟﺘﺄﻛﻴﺪ وﺟﻮد ﻛﻮﻛﺐ ﺛﺎنٍ . وﺗﺸ ﻫﺬه اﻷ رﺻﺎد اﻟﻔﻠﻜﻴﺔ إﱃ ﺟﺎﻧـﺐ اﻟﺒ ﻨﻴـﺔ اﻟﻔﺮﻳـﺪة ﻟﻠﻘـﺮص ا ﺤﻴﻂ ﺑـﺎﻟﻨﺠﻢ إﱃ أن ﻧﻈـﺎم WISPIT 2 ﻗـﺪ ﻳﺸﺒﻪ اﻟﻨﻈﺎم اﻟﺸ ـ ﻤﴘ ﰲ ﻣﺮاﺣﻠﻪ ا ﺒﻜﺮة . ﻗﺎﻟﺖ ﻛﻠﻮي ﻟﻮﻟﻮر ﻃﺎﻟﺒﺔ اﻟﺪﻛﺘﻮراه ﰲ ﺟﺎﻣﻌﺔ ﻏﺎﻟﻮاي ﰲ أﻳﺮﻟﻨﺪا وا ﺆﻟﻔﺔ اﻟ ﺮﺋﻴﺴﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﺪراﺳﺔ ا ﻨﺸﻮرة ﰲ ﻣﺠﻠﺔ رﺳﺎﺋﻞ اﻟﻔﻴﺰﻳﺎء اﻟﻔﻠﻜﻴـﺔ : ﻳ» ﻌﺪ ﻧﻈﺎم WISPIT2 أﻓﻀﻞ ﻧﺎﻓﺬة أُﺗﻴﺤﺖ ﻟﻨﺎ ﺣﺘﻰ اﻵ ن ﻟﻠﻨﻈﺮ إﱃ ﻣﺎﺿﻴﻨﺎ اﻟﻜـﻮﻧﻲ ﻌـﺪ وﻳ . « ﻫﺬا اﻟﻨﻈﺎم ﺛﺎﻧﻲ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ ﻣﻌﺮوﻓـﺔ ﻓﻘـﻂ ﺑﻌـﺪ ﻧﻈﺎم PDS 70 ﻳﺘﻢ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ رﺻﺪ ﻛﻮﻛﺒ ﺑﺸﻜﻞ ﻣﺒﺎﴍ أﺛﻨﺎء ﺗﺸـﻜﻠﻬﻤﺎ ﺣـﻮل ﻧﺠﻤﻬﻤـﺎ اﻷم وﻋﲆ ﺧﻼف ﻧﻈﺎم PDS 70 ﻳﻤﺘﻠﻚ WISPIT 2 ﻗﺮﺻًﺎ واﺳﻌًﺎ ﺟﺪًا ﻟﺘﻜـﻮﻳﻦ اﻟﻜﻮ اﻛـﺐ ﻳ ﺘﻤﻴـﺰ ﺑﻔﺠﻮات وﺣﻠﻘﺎت واﺿﺤﺔ اﻟﺒﻨﻴـﺔ وأﺿـﺎﻓﺖ ﻟﻮﻟﻮر :» ﺗﺸ ﻫﺬه اﻟﺒﻨـﻰ إﱃ أن ﻣﺰﻳـﺪًا ﻣـﻦ اﻟﻜﻮ اﻛﺐ ﻗﺪ ﻳﻜﻮن ﰲ ﻃـﻮر اﻟﺘﺸـﻜّﻞ ﺣﺎﻟﻴـ ﺎً وﺳﻨﺘﻤﻜﻦ ﻣـﻦ اﻛﺘﺸـﺎﻓﻬﺎ ﻣﺴـﺘﻘﺒﻼً «. ﻣـﻦ ﺟﺎﻧﺒﻪ ﻗﺎل ﻛﺮﻳﺴﺘﻴﺎن ﻏﻴﻨﺴـﻜﻲ اﻟﺒﺎﺣـﺚ ﰲ ﺟﺎﻣﻌﺔ ﻏﺎﻟﻮاي وأﺣﺪ ا ﺸﺎرﻛ ﰲ اﻟﺪر اﺳـﺔ : » ﻳﻮﻓﺮ ﻟﻨﺎ ﻧﻈـﺎم WISPIT 2 ﻣﺨﺘـﱪًا ﻓﺮﻳـﺪًا ﻟﻴﺲ ﻓﻘﻂ ﻟﺮﺻﺪ ﺗﺸﻜّﻞ ﻛﻮﻛـﺐ واﺣـﺪ، ﺑـﻞ ﻟﺪراﺳﺔ ﺗﺸﻜّﻞ ﻧﻈﺎم ﻛـﻮﻛﺒﻲ ﻛﺎ . «ﻣـﻞ وﻣـﻦ ﺧﻼل ﻣﺜﻞ ﻫـﺬه ا ﺸـﺎﻫﺪات ﻳﺴـﻌﻰ ﻋﻠﻤـﺎء اﻟﻔﻠﻚ إﱃ ﻓﻬﻢ أﻓﻀﻞ ﻟﻜﻴﻔﻴﺔ ﺗﻄﻮر اﻷﻧﻈﻤـﺔ اﻟﻜﻮﻛﺒﻴﺔ اﻟﻔﺘﻴﺔ إﱃ أﻧﻈﻤﺔ ﻧﺎﺿـﺠﺔ ﺷـﺒﻴﻬﺔ ﺑﻨﻈﺎﻣﻨﺎ اﻟ ﺸﻤﴘـ وﻛـﺎن أول ﻛﻮﻛـﺐ وﻟﻴـ ﺪ اﻛﺘُﺸ ـﻒ ﰲ ﻫ ـﺬا اﻟﻨﻈ ـﺎم وﻳﺤﻤ ـﻞ اﻻﺳ ـﻢ WISPIT 2 b ﻗﺪ أُﻋﻠـﻦ ﻋﻨـﻪ اﻟﻌـﺎم ا ـﺎﴈ . وﺗﺒﻠﻎ ﻛﺘﻠﺘ ﻪ ﻗﺮاﺑـﺔ ﺧﻤﺴـﺔ أﺿـﻌﺎف ﻛﺘﻠـﺔ ا ﺸﱰي وﻳﺪور ﺣـﻮل ﻧﺠﻤـﻪ ﻋـﲆ ﻣﺴـﺎﻓﺔ ﺗﻌﺎدل ﻧﺤﻮ 60 ﺿـﻌﻒ ا ﺴـﺎﻓﺔ ﺑـ اﻷرض واﻟﺸـﻤﺲ . وﻗﺎﻟـﺖ رﻳﺸـﻴﻞ ﻓـﺎن ﻛـﺎﺑﻠﻴﻔ ﻃﺎﻟﺒﺔ اﻟﺪﻛﺘﻮراه ﰲ ﻣﺮﺻـﺪ ﻻﻳـﺪن ﰲ ﻫﻮﻟﻨـﺪا وﻗﺎﺋﺪة ا ﻟﺪراﺳﺔ اﻟﺴﺎﺑﻘﺔ :» أﻇﻬـﺮ اﻛﺘﺸـﺎف ﻫﺬا اﻟﻌﺎﻟﻢ اﻟﺠﺪﻳﺪ ﰲ ﻃﻮر اﻟﺘﺸﻜّﻞ اﻹﻣﻜﺎﻧﺎت ا ﺬﻫﻠﺔ اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﻮﻓﺮﻫﺎ أدوات اﻟﺮﺻﺪ اﻟﺤﺎﻟﻴـﺔ « . وﺑﻌﺪ اﻟﺘﻌﺮ ف ﻋﲆ ﺟﺴﻢ إﺿﺎﰲ ﺑـﺎﻟﻘﺮب ﻣـﻦ اﻟــﻨﺠﻢ أﻛــﺪت اﻟﻘﻴﺎﺳــﺎت اﻟﺘــﻲ أُﺟﺮﻳــﺖ ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪام اﻟﺘﻠﺴـﻜﻮب اﻟﻜﺒـ ﺟـﺪًا ) VLT ( وﻣﻘﻴﺎس اﻟﺘـﺪاﺧﻞ ﻟﻠﺘﻠﺴـﻜﻮب اﻟﻜﺒـ ﺟـﺪًا ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪام اﻟﺘﻠﺴﻜﻮب اﻟﻜﺒ ﺟـﺪ وﻣ اً ﻘﻴـﺎس اﻟﺘـﺪاﺧﻞ ﻟﻠﺘﻠﺴـﻜﻮب اﻟﻜﺒـ ﺟـﺪ اً اﻟﺘـﺎﺑﻌ ﻟﻠﻤﺮﺻﺪ اﻷوروﺑﻲ اﻟﺠﻨﻮﺑﻲ أن ﻫﺬا اﻟﺠﺴﻢ ذو ﻃﺒﻴﻌﺔ ﻛﻮﻛﺒﻴﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﻔﻌﻞ . أﻣﺎ اﻟﻜﻮﻛﺐ اﻟﺠﺪﻳـﺪ اﻟﺬي أُﻃﻠﻖ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ اﺳﻢ WISPIT 2 c ﻓﻴﻘﻊ ﻋﲆ ﻣﺴﺎﻓﺔ أﻗﺮب إﱃ اﻟﻨﺠﻢ ا ﺮﻛﺰي ﺑﺄرﺑﻊ ﻣـﺮ ات ﻣﻘﺎرﻧﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﻜﻮﻛﺐ اﻷول ﻛﻤﺎ أن ﻛﺘﻠﺘﻪ ﺗﻌـﺎدل ﺿﻌﻒ ﻛﺘﻠﺔ WISPIT 2 b . ﻳﺼﻨ ﻒ ﻛﻼ اﻟﻜﻮﻛﺒ ﺿﻤﻦ اﻟﻌﻤﺎﻟﻘﺔ اﻟﻐﺎ زﻳﺔ ﻋـﲆ ﻏـﺮار اﻟﻜﻮاﻛـﺐ اﻟﺨﺎرﺟﻴـﺔ ﰲ ﻧﻈﺎﻣﻨـﺎ اﻟﺸــ . ﻤﴘـ وﻟﺘﺄﻛﻴــﺪ وﺟــﻮد WISPIT 2 c اﺳـﺘﺨﺪم اﻟﻔﺮﻳـﻖ أداة ا ﺳـﻔ ﺜﺒﺘـﺔ ﻋـﲆ اﻟﺘﻠﺴﻜﻮب اﻟﻜﺒ ﺟﺪاً واﻟﺘﻲ اﻟﺘﻘﻄﺖ ﺻـﻮرة ﻣﺒﺎﴍة ﻟ ﻠﺠﺴﻢ . ﺑﻌـﺪ ذﻟـﻚ اﺳـﺘُﺨﺪﻣﺖ أداة اﻟﺘـﺪاﺧﻞ ﻏﺮاﻓﻴﺘـﻲ + ا ﺜﺒﺘـﺔ ﻋـﲆ ﻣﻘﻴـﺎس اﻟﺘﺪاﺧﻞ ﻟﻠﺘﻠﺴـﻜﻮب اﻟﻜﺒـ ﺟـﺪاً ﻟﺘﺄﻛﻴـﺪ أن اﻟﺠﺴﻢ ﻫـﻮ ﺑﺎﻟﻔﻌـﻞ ﻛﻮﻛـﺐ . وﻗـﺎل ﻏﻴـﻮم ﺑـﻮردارو اﻟﺒﺎﺣـﺚ ﰲ ﻣﻌﻬـﺪ ﻣـﺎﻛﺲ ﺑﻼﻧـﻚ ﻟﻠﻔﻴﺰﻳﺎء ﺧﺎرج اﻷرض ﰲ ﻣﺪﻳﻨـﺔ ﻏﺎرﺷـﻴﻨﻎ اﻷ ﺎﻧﻴــﺔ وأﺣــﺪ ا ﺸــﺎرﻛ ﰲ اﻟﺪراﺳــﺔ : » اﻋﺘﻤﺪت دراﺳﺘﻨ ﺎ ﺑﺸﻜﻞ أﺳﺎﳼ ﻋﲆ اﻟﱰﻗﻴﺔ اﻟﺤﺪﻳﺜﺔ ﻷداة ﻏﺮاﻓﻴﺘـﻲ + واﻟﺘـﻲ ﻟﻮﻻﻫـﺎ ـﺎ ﺗﻤﻜﻨﺎ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺤﺼﻮل ﻋﲆ ﻫﺬا اﻟﻜﺸﻒ اﻟﻮاﺿﺢ ﻟﻜﻮﻛﺐ ﻳﻘﻊ ﻋﲆ ﻫﺬه ا ﺴﺎﻓﺔ اﻟﻘﺮﻳﺒـﺔ ﻣـﻦ . « ﻧﺠﻤﻪ وﻳﻈﻬـﺮ اﻟﻜﻮﻛﺒـﺎن داﺧـﻞ ﻓﺠـﻮات واﺿﺤﺔ ﰲ ﻗﺮص اﻟﻐﺒﺎ ر واﻟﻐﺎز اﻟـﺬي ﻳﺤـﻴﻂ ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺠﻢ اﻟﻔﺘﻲ وﺗﻨﺸﺄ ﻫﺬه اﻟﻔﺠـﻮات ﻧﺘﻴﺠـﺔ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺗﺸـﻜّ ﻞ اﻟﻜﻮاﻛـﺐ ﻧﻔﺴـﻬ ﺎ إذ ﺗﺘﺠﻤـﻊ اﻟﺠﺴﻴﻤﺎت داﺧﻞ اﻟﻘﺮص وﺗﺠﺬب ا ﺰﻳﺪ ﻣـﻦ ا ﺎدة ﺑﻔﻌـﻞ اﻟﺠﺎذﺑﻴـﺔ إﱃ أن ﻳﺘﻜـﻮّن ﺟﻨـ . ﻛﻮﻛﺒﻲ أﻣﺎ ا ﺎدة ا ﺘﺒﻘﻴﺔ ﺣـﻮل ﻛـﻞ ﻓﺠـﻮة ﻓﺘُﺸﻜﻞ ﺣﻠﻘﺎت ﻏﺒﺎرﻳﺔ ﻣﻤﻴﺰة داﺧﻞ اﻟﻘﺮص . وإﱃ ﺟﺎﻧﺐ اﻟﻔﺠﻮﺗ اﻟﻠﺘ ﺗﻢ اﻟﻌﺜﻮر ﻓﻴﻬﻤـﺎ ﻋﲆ اﻟﻜﻮﻛﺒ ﻛﺸﻒ اﻟﻌﻠﻤﺎء ﻋﻦ وﺟﻮد ﻓﺠﻮ ة أﺻﻐﺮ ﺗﻘـﻊ ﻋـﲆ ﻣﺴـﺎﻓ ﺔ أﺑﻌـﺪ ﰲ اﻟﻘـﺮص ا ﺤـﻴﻂ ﺑـﺎﻟﻨﺠﻢ . ﺗﻘـﻮل ﻟﻮﻟـﻮر :» ﻧﺸـﺘﺒﻪ ﰲ اﺣﺘﻤﺎل وﺟﻮد ﻛﻮﻛﺐ ﺛﺎﻟﺚ ﻳﻘﻮم ﺑﻨﺤﺖ ﻫـﺬه اﻟﻔﺠﻮة وﻗﺪ ﺗﻜﻮن ﻛﺘﻠﺘﻪ ﰲ ﺣﺪود ﻛﺘﻠﺔ زﺣـﻞ اً ﻧﻈﺮ ﻷن اﻟﻔﺠﻮة أﺿﻴﻖ وأﻗﻞ ﻋﻤﻘًﺎ ﺑﻜﺜـ « . ﻳﺘﻄﻠﻊ اﻟﻔﺮﻳﻖ إﱃ إﺟﺮاء أرﺻﺎد ﻣﺘﺎﺑﻌﺔ أﻛﺜـﺮ ﺗﻔﺼﻴﻼً . وﻳﺸ ﻏﻴﻨﺴﻜﻲ إﱃ أ ﻣﻊ دﺧ »ﻧﻪ ﻮل اﻟﺘﻠﺴﻜﻮب اﻷوروﺑﻲ ﻓﺎﺋﻖ اﻟﻜـﱪ اﻟﺨﺪﻣـﺔ ﰲ ا ﺴﺘﻘﺒﻞ ﻓ ﻘﺪ ﻳﺼﺒﺢ ﺑ ﺎ ﻨﺎ ﻣﻜﺎﻧ ﺗﺼـﻮﻳﺮ ﻣﺜـﻞ ﻫﺬا اﻟﻜﻮﻛﺐ ﻣﺒﺎﴍة «. WISPIT2b 2.5 2.4