Free Astronomy Magazine July-August 2026 ARABIC VERSION

ASTROPUBLISHING ready seeing and the discoveries yet to come as we continue to explore the mysteries of our cosmos.” “DESI’sfive-yearsurveyhasbeen spectacularlysuccessful,” saysMi- chaelLevi,DESIdirectorandascien- tistatBerkeleyLab. “Theinstru- ment performed better than antici- pated.Theresultshavebeenincred- ibly exciting. And the size and scope of the map, and how quickly we’ve been able to execute, is phenome- nal. We’re going to celebrate com- pletion of the original survey andthengetstartedontheworkof churning through the data, because we’re all curious about what newsurprises are waiting for us.” DESI has now measured cosmologi- cal data for six times as many gal- axies and quasars as all previous measurements combined. The col- laboration will immediately begin processingthecompleteddataset, with the first dark energy results from the full five-year survey ex- pected in 2027. In the meantime, DESI collaborators continue to ana- lyze the survey’s first three years of data, refining dark energy measure- ments and producing additional re- sults on the structure and evolution of the Universe, with several papers planned later this year. DESI began collecting data in May 2021.Sincethen,theinstrumenthas far surpassed the collaboration’s original goals. The plan was to cap- ture light from 34 million galaxies and quasars (extremely distant yet bright objects with black holes at their cores) over the five-year sky survey. DESI instead observed more than 47 million galaxies and qua- sars, as well as 20 million stars. The project’s success is even more impressive in light of several chal- lenges.DESIisacomplicatedma- chine with thousandsof partstomaintain.In2020, final tests of the instru- ment were interrupted by theCOVID-19pandemic.In 2022, the Contreras Fire swept over Kitt Peak but, throughtheeffortsoffire- fighters and staff, did not damagethetelescope.Re- coveryeffortswereslowed by monsoons and mud- slides. DESIwillcontinueobserva- tions through 2028 and grow its map by about20%, from 14,000 square degrees to 17,000 square degrees. (For comparison, the Moon covers approxi- mately 0.2 square degrees, and the full sky has over 41,000 square degrees). The extended map will coverpartsoftheskythat are more challenging to observe: areas that are closertotheplaneofthe Milky Way, where bright nearbystarscanmakeithardertoseemo re distant objects, or further to the south, where the telescope must ac- count for peering through more of Earth’s atmosphere. The experiment will also revisit the existing area of the map to collect data from a new set of galaxies: more distant, fainter “luminous red galaxies.” These will provide aneven denser, more detailed map of the regions DESI has already cov- ered, giving researchers a clearer picture of the Universe’s history. Researchers will also study nearby dwarf galaxies and stellar streams, bands of stars torn from smaller galaxies by the Milky Way’s gravity. The hope is to better understand dark matter, the invisible form of matterthataccountsformostof the mass in the Universe but has neverbeendirectlydetected.     JULY-AUGUST2026 ﻣﺠﻠﺔ FreeAstronomy ﺎﻟﻌﺮ ﺔ 44 واﻟﻌﺎﻟﻢ ﰲ ﻣ ﺨﺘﱪ ﺑ ﻛﲇ اﻟﻮﻃﻨﻲ ﻟﻘﺪ »: ﻓﻘﺎل ﺣﻘﻖ ا ﺴﺢ ا ﻤﺘﺪ ﻟﺨﻤـﺲ ﺳـﻨﻮات ﻧﺠﺎﺣـﺎً . ﻣﺬﻫﻼً ﻓﻘﺪ أدى اﻟﺠﻬﺎز أداء ًأﻓﻀﻞ ﻣﻤﺎ ﻛﻨـﺎ ﻧﺘﻮﻗﻊ، وﻛﺎﻧﺖ اﻟﻨﺘﺎﺋﺞ ﻣﺜ ة ﻟﻠﻐﺎﻳﺔ . ﻛﻤﺎ أن ﺣﺠﻢ اﻟﺨﺮﻳﻄﺔ وﻧﻄﺎﻗﻬﺎ واﻟـ ـ ﴪﻋﺔ اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﻤﻜﻨﺎ ﺑﻬﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺗﻨﻔﻴـﺬ ا ـ ـ ﴩوع أﻣـﻮر اﺳﺘﺜﻨﺎﺋﻴﺔ ﺑﺤـﻖ . ﺳـﻨﺤﺘﻔﻞ ﺑﺈﻛﻤـﺎل ا ﺴـﺢ اﻷﺻﲇ ﺛﻢ ﺳﻨﺒﺪ أ اﻟﻌﻤﻞ ا ﻜﺜﻒ ﻋﲆ ﻣﻌﺎﻟﺠـﺔ اﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎت، ﻷﻧﻨـﺎ ﺟﻤﻴﻌـﺎً ﻣﺘﺸـﻮﻗﻮن ﻌﺮﻓـﺔ ا ﻔﺎﺟﺂت اﻟﺠﺪﻳﺪة اﻟﺘﻲ ﻗﺪ ﺗﻜﺸﻔﻬﺎ « . وﻗﺪ ﺗﻤﻜﻦ ﻣﻄﻴﺎف دﻳﺰي ﺣﺘﻰ اﻵن ﻣﻦ ﻗﻴﺎس ﺑﻴﺎﻧﺎت ﻛﻮﻧﻴـﺔ ﺗﺨـﺺ ﻋـﺪد اً ﻣـﻦ ا ﺠـﺮات واﻟﻜﻮازارات ﻳﺰﻳﺪ ﺑﺴﺖ ﻣﺮات ﻋﻦ إﺟﻤﺎﱄ ﻣـﺎ وﻓﺮﺗﻪ ﺟﻤﻴﻊ اﻟﻘﻴﺎﺳﺎت اﻟﺴﺎﺑﻘﺔ ﻣﺠﺘﻤﻌـﺔ . وﺳﻴﺒﺪأ ﻓﺮﻳﻖ اﻟﺘﻌﺎون ﻓﻮراً ﻣﻌﺎﻟﺠﺔ ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ اﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎت ا ﻜﺘﻤﻠﺔ وﻣـﻦ ا ﺘﻮﻗـﻊ ﺻـﺪور أوﱃ اﻟﻨﺘﺎﺋﺞ ا ﺘﻌﻠﻘﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ ا ﻈﻠﻤﺔ اﻋﺘﻤﺎداً ﻋﲆ ﺑﻴﺎﻧﺎت اﻟﺴﻨﻮات اﻟﺨﻤﺲ اﻟﻜﺎﻣﻠﺔ ﺧﻼل ﻋـﺎم 2027 . وﰲ اﻟﻮﻗﺖ ﻧﻔﺴﻪ ﻳﻮاﺻـﻞ اﻟﺒـﺎﺣﺜﻮن ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻞ ﺑﻴﺎﻧـﺎت اﻟﺴـﻨﻮات اﻟـﺜﻼث اﻷوﱃ ﻣـﻦ ا ﴩوع، ﺑﻬﺪف ﺗﺤﺴـ ﻗﻴﺎﺳـﺎت اﻟ ﻄﺎﻗـﺔ ا ﴩوع ﺑ ﻬـﺪف ﺗﺤﺴـ ﻗﻴﺎﺳـﺎت اﻟﻄﺎﻗـﺔ ا ﻈﻠﻤﺔ وإﻧﺘﺎج ﻧﺘﺎﺋﺞ إﺿﺎﻓﻴﺔ ﺗﺘﻌﻠـﻖ ﺑﺒﻨﻴـﺔ اﻟﻜﻮن وﺗﻄﻮره ﻣﻊ اﻟﺘﺨﻄـﻴﻂ ﻟﻨـ ـ ﴩ ﻋـﺪة أوراق ﻋﻠﻤﻴﺔ ﺟﺪﻳﺪة ﰲ وﻗﺖ ﻻﺣﻖ ﻣـﻦ ﻫـﺬا اﻟﻌﺎم ﺑﺪأ . ﻣﻄﻴﺎف دﻳـﺰي ﺟﻤـﻊ اﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧـﺎت ﰲ ﻣﺎﻳﻮ 2021 وﻣﻨﺬ ذﻟﻚ اﻟﺤ ﺗﺠﺎوز ا ـ ﴩوع أﻫﺪاﻓﻪ اﻷﺻﻠﻴﺔ ﺑﺼﻮرة ﻛﺒ ة . ﻓﻘﺪ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ اﻟﺨﻄـﺔ ـﺗـ ﻘﴤ ﺑﺠﻤـﻊ اﻟﻀـﻮء اﻟﺼﺎدر ﻣﻦ 34 ﻣﻠﻴﻮن ﻣﺠﺮة وﻛﻮازار ﺧـﻼل ﻓــﱰة ا ﺴــﺢ اﻟﺒﺎﻟﻐــﺔ ﺧﻤــﺲ ﺳــﻨﻮات . واﻟﻜـﻮازارات ﻫـﻲ أﺟﺴـﺎم ﺷـﺪﻳﺪة اﻟﺒﻌ ـﺪ واﻟﺴﻄﻮع ﺗﺤﺘﻮي ﰲ ﻣﺮاﻛﺰﻫـﺎ ﻋـﲆ ﺛﻘـﻮب ﺳﻮداء ﻓﺎﺋﻘﺔ اﻟﻜﺘﻠـﺔ . إﻻ أن ﻣﻄﻴـﺎف دﻳـﺰي ﺗﻤﻜﻦ ﻣﻦ رﺻﺪ أﻛﺜﺮ ﻣـﻦ 47 ﻣﻠﻴـﻮن ﻣﺠـﺮة وﻛﻮازار إﺿـﺎﻓﺔ إﱃ ﻧﺤـﻮ 20 ﻣﻠﻴـﻮن ﻧ . ﺠـﻢ وﻳﺰداد ﻫﺬا اﻹﻧﺠـﺎز أﻫﻤﻴـﺔ ﻋﻨـﺪ اﻟﻨﻈـﺮ إﱃ اﻟﺘﺤﺪﻳﺎت اﻟﺘﻲ واﺟﻬﻬﺎ ا ﴩوع . ان ﻣﻄﻴﺎف دﻳﺰي آﻟﺔ ﻣﻌﻘﺪة ﻟﻠﻐﺎﻳﺔ ﺗﻀﻢ آﻻف ا ﻜﻮﻧـﺎت اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﺘﻄﻠﺐ اﻟﺼﻴﺎﻧﺔ وا ﺘﺎﺑﻌﺔ ا ﺴﺘﻤﺮة . وﰲ ﻋﺎم 2020 ﺗﻌﻄﻠﺖ اﻻﺧﺘﺒـﺎرات اﻟﻨﻬﺎﺋﻴـﺔ ﻟﻠﺠﻬﺎز ﺑﺴﺒﺐ ﺟﺎﺋﺤﺔ ﻛﻮﻓﻴﺪ -١٩ . ﻛﻤﺎ اﺟﺘﺎح ﻟﻠﺠﻬﺎز ﺑﺴﺒﺐ ﺟﺎﺋﺤﺔ ﻛﻮﻓﻴﺪ -19 . ﻛﻤـﺎ اﺟﺘـﺎح ﺣﺮﻳـﻖ ﻛـﻮﻧﱰﻳﺮاس ﻣﻨﻄﻘﺔ ﻛﻴﺖ ﺑﻴﻚ ﻋﺎم 2022 إﻻ أن ﺟﻬﻮد رﺟﺎل اﻹﻃﻔـﺎء وﻣـﻮﻇﻔﻲ ا ﺮﺻــﺪ ﺣﺎﻟ ــﺖ دون ﺗﻌ ــﺮض اﻟﺘﻠﺴﻜﻮب ﻷي أﴐار . ﻏـ أن ﻋﻤﻠﻴـﺎت اﻟﺘﻌـﺎﰲ ﺗـﺄ ﺛﺮت ﻻﺣﻘـــﺎً ﺑﺎﻷﻣﻄـــﺎر ا ﻮﺳـــﻤﻴﺔ واﻻﻧﻬﻴﺎرات اﻟﻄﻴﻨﻴﺔ . وﺳﻴﻮاﺻـﻞ ﻣﻄﻴـﺎف دﻳـﺰي ﻋﻤﻠﻴـﺎت اﻟﺮﺻـﺪ ﺣﺘﻰ ﻋﺎم 2028 ﻣﻊ ﺗﻮﺳﻴﻊ ﻧﻄﺎق ﺧﺮﻳﻄﺘﻪ ﺑﻨﺤﻮ 20% ﻣﻦ 14 أﻟـﻒ درﺟﺔ ﻣﺮﺑﻌـﺔ إﱃ 17 أﻟـﻒ درﺟـﺔ . ﻣﺮﺑﻌﺔ وﻟﻠﻤﻘﺎرﻧﺔ ﻳﻐﻄـﻲ اﻟﻘﻤـﺮ اﻟﻜﺎﻣﻞ ﻣﺴﺎﺣﺔ ﺗﻘﺎرب 0.2 درﺟﺔ ﻣﺮﺑﻌﺔ ﻓﻘﻂ ﻣـﻦ اﻟﺴـﻤﺎء ﺑﻴﻨﻤـﺎ ﺗﺘﺠﺎوز ﻣﺴﺎﺣﺔ اﻟﺴﻤﺎء ﺑﺄﻛﻤﻠﻬـﺎ 41 أﻟﻒ درﺟﺔ ﻣﺮﺑﻌﺔ . وﺳﺘﺸــﻤﻞ اﻟﺨﺮﻳﻄــﺔ ا ﻮﺳــﻌﺔ ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ أﻛﺜﺮ ﺻﻌﻮﺑﺔ ﰲ اﻟﺮﺻﺪ ﻣﺜﻞ اﻷﺟﺰاء اﻟ ﻘﺮﻳﺒﺔ ﻣﻦ ﻣﺴﺘﻮى ﻣﺠﺮة درب اﻟﺘﺒﺎﻧﺔ ﺣﻴﺚ ﺗﻌﻴـﻖ اﻟﻨﺠـﻮم اﻟﻘﺮﻳﺒﺔ واﻟﺴﺎﻃﻌﺔ رؤﻳﺔ اﻷﺟـﺮا م اﻷﺑﻌـﺪ إﺿـﺎﻓﺔ إﱃ ﻣﻨـﺎﻃﻖ أﺑﻌـﺪ ﺟﻨﻮﺑﺎً ﻳﺘﻌ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﻋﲆ اﻟﺘﻠﺴـﻜﻮب اﻟﺮﺻﺪ ﻋـﱪ ﺳـﻤﺎﻛﺎت أﻛـﱪ ﻣـﻦ اﻟﻐﻼف اﻟﺠﻮي ﻟﻸرض . ﻛﻤﺎ ﺳﻴﻌﻴﺪ ا ﴩوع ﻣﺴﺢ ا ﻨﺎﻃﻖ اﻟﺘﻲ ﺳﺒﻖ ﺗﻐﻄﻴﺘﻬــﺎ ﻟﺠﻤــﻊ ﺑﻴﺎﻧــﺎت ﻣــﻦ ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋــﺔ ﺟﺪﻳـﺪة ﻣـﻦ ا ﺠــﺮات ﺗُﻌـﺮف ﺑﺎﺳـﻢ ا ﺠـﺮات اﻟﺤﻤــﺮاء ﺟﻨﻮﺑﺎً ﻳﺘﻌ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﻋﲆ اﻟﺘﻠﺴﻜﻮب اﻟﺮﺻﺪ ﻋﱪ ﺳﻤﺎﻛﺎت أﻛﱪ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻐـﻼف اﻟﺠـﻮي ﻟ ﻸرض . ﻛﻤﺎ ﺳﻴﻌﻴﺪ ا ﴩوع ﻣﺴﺢ ا ﻨﺎﻃﻖ اﻟﺘﻲ ﺳﺒﻖ ﺗﻐﻄﻴﺘﻬﺎ ﻟﺠﻤﻊ ﺑﻴﺎﻧﺎت ﻣﻦ ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ ﺟﺪﻳـﺪة ﻣﻦ ا ﺠﺮات ﺗُﻌﺮف ﺑ ﺳﻢ ا ﺠـﺮات اﻟﺤﻤـﺮاء ا ﻀﻴﺌﺔ، وﻫﻲ أﺑﻌﺪ وأﻛﺜﺮ ﺧﻔﻮﺗﺎً ﻣﻦ اﻟﻌﻴﻨﺎت اﻟﺴﺎﺑ . ﻘﺔ وﺳﺘﻮﻓﺮ ﻫﺬه اﻷﻫﺪاف ﺧﺮﻳﻄﺔ أﻛﺜﺮ ﻛﺜﺎﻓﺔ وﺗﻔﺼﻴﻼً ﻟﻠﻤﻨﺎﻃﻖ اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﻤﺖ دراﺳﺘﻬﺎ ﺑﺎﻟﻔﻌﻞ، ﻣﺎ ﻳﻤﻨﺢ اﻟﻌﻠﻤﺎء ﺻﻮرة أوﺿﺢ ﻋـﻦ ﺗـﺎرﻳﺦ اﻟﻜـﻮن وﺗﻄــﻮره . ﻛ ـﺬﻟﻚ ﺳــﻴﺪرس اﻟﺒﺎﺣﺜﻮن ا ﺠﺮات ا ﻟﻘﺰﻣﺔ اﻟﻘﺮﻳﺒﺔ واﻟﺘﻴـﺎرات اﻟﻨﺠﻤﻴﺔ وﻫﻲ أﴍﻃﺔ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻨﺠﻮم اﻧﺘُﺰﻋﺖ ﻣﻦ ﻣﺠﺮات أﺻﻐﺮ ﺑﻔﻌﻞ ﺗﺄﺛ ﺟﺎذﺑﻴﺔ ﻣﺠﺮة درب اﻟﺘﺒﺎﻧـﺔ ﻟﻔﻬـﻢ ﻋﻤﻠﻴـﺎت اﻟﺘﺠﻤـﻊ اﻟﺠـﺎذﺑﻲ وﺗﺎرﻳﺦ اﻧﺪﻣﺎج ا ﺠﺮات ﰲ اﻟﻜﻮن ﺑﺪﻗﺔ . وﻳﺄﻣﻞ اﻟﻌﻠﻤﺎء ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼل ﻫـﺬه اﻟﺪراﺳـﺎ ت ﰲ ﺗﺤﺴ ﻓﻬﻤﻬﻢ ﻟﻠﻤﺎدة ا ﻈﻠﻤﺔ وﻫـﻲ ﺷـﻜﻞ ﻏ ﻣﺮﺋﻲ ﻣﻦ ا ﺎدة ﻳﺸـﻜ ﻞ ﻣﻌﻈـﻢ اﻟﻜﺘﻠـﺔ ا ﻮﺟﻮدة ﰲ اﻟﻜﻮن رﻏﻢ أ ﺗ ﻟﻢ ﻧﻬﺎ ﺮﺻﺪ ﺑﺸـﻜﻞ ﻣﺒﺎﴍﺣﺘﻰ اﻟﻴﻮم . ﺗﻈﻬـﺮ ﺷـﺮ ﺤﺔ رﻗ ﻘـﺔ ﻣــﻦ اﻟـ ـ أﻧﺘﺠﻬـﺎ ﻣﺴـﺢ ﺨﺮﻄﺔ اﻟـ ـﺎف دﻳـﺰي ﻣﻄ ــﻮازارات اﺳــﺘﻤﺮ ﻤـﺲﺳـﻨﻮات اﻟﻤﺠـﺮات واﻟ اﻟـﺬ ﻓﻮق وﺗﺤﺖ ﻣﺴﺘﻮىﻣﺠﺮة در اﻟﺘ ﺎﻧﺔ و ﻤﻜﻦ رؤ ﺔ اﻟ ﻨ ﺔ واﺳ ﻌﺔ اﻟﻨﻄﺎق ﻟﻠ ﻮن ﻓﻲ اﻟ ـ ﺠﺰء اﻟﻤُﻜّ . ﺗﻘﻊ اﻷرضﻓﻲﻣﺮﻛﺰ اﻷﺟﺰاء ) ﻣﺮﻛﺰ اﻟﺪاﺋﺮة ( ـﺪة ـﮫ ﻣﺠﺮﻨـﺎ اﻷﺟﺴـﺎم اﻟ ﻌ ﺗﺤﺠـﺐ ﻓ وﺗﺸ اﻟﻔﺠﻮة اﻟﺴﻮداء إﻟﻰ اﻟﻤ ﺎن اﻟـﺬ . وﻳ ﻠـﻎ ﻋﻤـﺮاﻟﻀـﻮء اﻟﻘﺎدم ﻣﻦ أ ﻌﺪ اﻟﻤﺠﺮات 11 ﻣﻠ ﺎرﺳﻨﺔ ﻋﻨﺪ وﺻﻮﻟﮫ إﻟﻰ اﻷرض . [Claire Lamman/DESI collaboration] - ﻳﻮﻟﻴﻮ ﺃﻏﺴﻄﺲ 2 0 2 6