Free Astronomy Magazine July-August 2026 ARABIC VERSION

43 he 5,000 fiber-optic eyes ofthe Dark Energy Spectroscopic Instrument(DESI)swiveled onto a patch of sky near the Little Dipper. Roughly every 20 minutes, theylockedontodistantpinpricks oflight,gatheringphotonsthat had traveled toward Earth for bil- lions of years. When the Sun rose, DESI collaborators marked the com- pletion of a major milestone: suc- cessfully surveying all of the area in DESI’s planned map of the Universe. The five-year survey, finished ahead of schedule and with vastly more data than expected, has produced the largest high-resolution 3D mapof the Universe ever made. Re- searchers use that map to explore dark energy, the fundamental in- gredientthatmakesupabout70% of our Universe and is driving its ac- celerating expansion. DESI’squesttounderstanddarken- ergyisaglobalendeavor.Theinter- national experiment brings to- gether the expertise of more than 900 researchers (including 300 PhD students)fromover70institutions. TheprojectismanagedbytheU.S. Department of Energy’s Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (BerkeleyLab),andtheinstrument was constructed and is operated with funding from the DOE Office ofScience.DESIismountedonthe U.S. National Science Foundation Nicholas U. Mayall 4-meter Tele- scope at NSF Kitt Peak National Ob- servatory (KPNO) in Arizona, a Program of NSF NOIRLab. By comparing how galaxies clus- tered in the past with their distribu- tion today, researchers can trace dark energy’s influence over 11 bil- lion years of cosmic history. Surpris- ing results using DESI’s first three years of data hinted that dark en- ergy, once thought to be a “cosmo- logical constant,” might be evolving over time. With the full set of five yearsofdata,researcherswillhave significantlymoreinformationto testwhetherthathintdisappearsor grows. If confirmed, it would mark amajorshiftinhowwethinkabout ourUniverseanditspotentialfate, whichhingesonthebalancebe- tween matter and dark energy. “It’simpossibletocaptureevery- thing that went into making DESI suchasuccessfulexperiment.From instrumentbuildersandsoftware engineers to technicians, observa- torystaff,andscientists—including manyearly-careerresearchers—it truly took a village,” says Stephanie Juneau, associate astronomer and NSFNOIRLabrepresentativefor DESI. “Ultimately, we are doing this for all humanity, to better under- standourUniverseanditseventual fate. After finding hints that dark energy might deviate from a con- stant,potentiallyalteringthatfate, thismomentfeelslikesittingonthe edge of my seat as we analyze the newmaptoseewhetherthose hintswillbeconfirmed.I’malso very intrigued by the many other discoveries that await in this new dataset.” “The Dark Energy Spectroscopic In- strument has truly exceeded all ex- pectations, delivering an unprece- dented 3D map of the Universe that will revolutionize our understand- ing of dark energy,” says Kathy Turner, Program Manager for the CosmicFrontierintheOfficeof High JULY-AUGUST2026 ﻣﺠﻠﺔ FreeAstronomy ﺎﻟﻌﺮ ﺔ وﺟﻬﺖ اﻟﻌﻴﻮن اﻟﺨﻤﺴﺔ آﻻف ا ﺼﻨﻮﻋﺔ ﻣـﻦ اﻷﻟﻴﺎف اﻟﺒﴫﻳﺔ ﰲ ﻣﻄﻴﺎف اﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ ا ﻈﻠﻤـﺔ ( دﻳﺰي ) أﻧﻈﺎرﻫﺎ ﻧﺤـﻮ رﻗﻌـﺔ ﻣـﻦ اﻟﺴـﻤﺎء ﺑﺎﻟﻘﺮب ﻣﻦ ﻛﻮﻛﺒﺔ اﻟﺪب اﻷﺻﻐﺮ . ﻓﻜﻞ ﻧﺤـﻮ 20 دﻗﻴﻘﺔ ﺗﻘﺮﻳﺒﺎً ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﻫﺬه اﻷﻟﻴـﺎف ﺗﺜﺒـﺖ ﺗﻮﺟﻴ ﻬﻬﺎ ﻧﺤﻮ ﻧﻘﺎط ﺿـﻮﺋﻴﺔ ﺑﻌﻴـﺪة ﻟﻠﻐﺎﻳـﺔ ﻟﺘﺠﻤﻊ ﻓﻮﺗﻮﻧﺎت ﻗﻄﻌﺖ رﺣﻠﺘﻬﺎ ﻧﺤﻮ اﻷرض ﻋﲆ ﻣﺪى ﻣﻠﻴﺎرات اﻟﺴﻨ . وﻣــﻊ ﴍوق اﻟﺸــﻤﺲ أﻋﻠــﻦ اﻟﺒــﺎﺣﺜﻮن ا ﺸﺎر ﻛ ﻮن ﰲ ﻣﴩوع دﻳﺰي ﺗﺤﻘﻴـﻖ إﻧﺠـﺎز رﺋﻴﴘ ﺗﻤﺜﻞ ﰲ اﺳﺘﻜﻤﺎل ﻣﺴﺢ ﻛﺎﻣﻞ ا ﻨﻄﻘﺔ ا ﺴﺘﻬﺪﻓﺔ ﺿـﻤﻦ اﻟﺨﺮﻳﻄـﺔ ا ﺨﻄـﻂ ﻟﻬـﺎ ﻟﻠﻜﻮن . وﻗﺪ أُﻧﺠﺰ ﻫﺬا ا ﺴﺢ ا ﻤ ﺘـﺪ ﻟﺨﻤـﺲ ﺳﻨﻮات ﻗﺒﻞ ا ﻮﻋﺪ ا ﺤـﺪد وﺑﻜﻤﻴـﺔ ﺑﻴﺎﻧـﺎت ﻓﺎﻗﺖ اﻟﺘﻮﻗ ﻌﺎت ﺑﺸﻜﻞ ﻛﺒ ﻣـﺎ أﺳـﻔﺮ ﻋـﻦ إﻧﺘ ﺎج أﻛﱪ ﺧﺮﻳﻄﺔ ﺛﻼﺛﻴﺔ اﻷﺑﻌﺎد ﻋﺎﻟﻴﺔ اﻟﺪﻗﺔ ﻟﻠﻜﻮن ﺗﻢ إﻧﺸﺎؤﻫﺎ ﺣﺘﻰ اﻵن . وﻳﺴﺘﺨﺪم اﻟﺒﺎﺣﺜﻮن ﻫﺬ ه اﻟﺨﺮﻳﻄﺔ ﻟﺪراﺳـﺔ اﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ ا ﻈﻠﻤﺔ وﻫﻲ ا ﻜﻮّن اﻷﺳـﺎﳼ اﻟـﺬي ﻳﺸﻜﻞ ﻧﺤﻮ 70 % ﻣﻦ ﻣﺤﺘﻮى اﻟﻜﻮن وﻳُﻌﺘﻘﺪ أﻧﻪ ا ﺴﺆول ﻋﻦ ﺗﺴﺎرع ﺗﻤﺪده . وﻳﻤﺜﻞ اﻟﺴﻌﻲ ﻟﻔﻬﻢ اﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ ا ﻈﻠﻤـﺔ ﺟﻬـﺪاً ﻋﺎ ﻴﺎً واﺳﻊ اﻟﻨﻄﺎق إذ ﻳﺠﻤﻊ ﻣﴩوع دﻳـﺰي ﺧﱪات أﻛﺜﺮ ﻣﻦ 900 ﺑﺎﺣﺚ ﻣﻦ ﺑﻴـﻨﻬﻢ 300 ﻃﺎﻟــﺐ دﻛﺘـﻮراه ﻳﻨﺘﻤـﻮن إﱃ أﻛﺜــﺮ ﻣـﻦ 70 ﻣﺆﺳﺴﺔ ﻋﻠﻤﻴﺔ ﺣﻮل اﻟﻌﺎﻟﻢ . وﻳﺘﻮﱃ ﻣﺨﺘﱪ ﻟﻮرﻧﺲ ﺑ ﻛﲇ اﻟﻮﻃﻨﻲ اﻟﺘـﺎﺑﻊ ﻟﻮزارة اﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ اﻷﻣﺮﻳﻜﻴﺔ إدارة ا ﴩوع ﺑﻴﻨﻤﺎ ﺗﻢ ﺑﻨﺎء اﻟﺠﻬﺎز وﺗﺸﻐﻴﻠﻪ ﺑﺘﻤﻮﻳﻞ ﻣﻦ ﻣﻜﺘـﺐ اﻟﻌﻠﻮم ﰲ وزارة اﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ اﻷﻣﺮﻳﻜﻴﺔ . ﺗُﺜﺒﺖ اﻷداة ﻋﲆ ﺗﻠﺴﻜﻮب ﻧﻴﻜﻮﻻس ﻳﻮ . ﻣﺎﻳﺎل ﺑﻘﻄﺮ أرﺑﻌﺔ أﻣﺘﺎر اﻟﺘﺎﺑﻊ ﻟﻠﻤﺆﺳﺴﺔ اﻟﻮﻃﻨﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﻌﻠﻮم اﻷﻣﺮﻳﻜﻴﺔ ﰲ ﻣﺮﺻ ﺪ ﻛﻴﺖ ﺑﻴﻚ اﻟﻮﻃﻨﻲ ﺑﻮﻻﻳـﺔ أرﻳﺰوﻧـﺎ وﻫـﻮ أﺣـﺪ ﺑـﺮاﻣﺞ ﻣﺨﺘــﱪ ﻧﻮﻳﺮﻻب اﻟﺘﺎﺑﻊ ﻟﻠﻤﺆﺳﺴﺔ اﻟﻮﻃﻨﻴـﺔ ﻟﻠﻌﻠـﻮم . وﻣﻦ ﺧﻼل ﻣﻘﺎرﻧﺔ ﻛﻴﻔﻴﺔ ﺗﺠﻤﻊ ا ات ﰲ ﺠـﺮ ا ﺎﴈ ﺑﺘﻮزﻳﻌﻬﺎ اﻟﺤـﺎﱄ ﻳﺴـﺘﻄﻴﻊ اﻟﻌﻠﻤـﺎء ﺗﺘﺒﻊ ﺗﺄﺛ اﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ ا ﻈﻠﻤﺔ ﻋﱪ أﻛﺜﺮ ﻣـﻦ 11 ﻣﻠﻴﺎر ﺳﻨﺔ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺘﺎرﻳﺦ اﻟﻜﻮﻧﻲ . وﻗـﺪ أﺷـﺎرت ﻧﺘـﺎﺋﺞ ﻣﻔﺎﺟﺌـﺔ اﺳـﺘﻨﺪت إﱃ اﻟﺴﻨﻮات اﻟﺜﻼث اﻷوﱃ ﻣﻦ ﺑﻴﺎﻧﺎت دﻳﺰي إﱃ أن اﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ ا ﻈﻠﻤﺔ اﻟﺘﻲ ﻛﺎن ﻳ ﻌﺘﻘﺪ ﺳﺎﺑﻘﺎً أﻧﻬـﺎ » ﺗﻤﺜﻞ ﺛﺎﺑﺘـﺎً ﻛﻮﻧﻴـﺎً «، ﻗـﺪ ﺗﻜـﻮن ﰲ اﻟﻮاﻗـﻊ ﻣﺘﻐ ة ﻣـﻊ اﻟـﺰﻣﻦ . وﻣـﻊ ﺗـﻮﻓﺮ ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋـﺔ اﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎت اﻟﻜﺎﻣﻠـﺔ ا ﻤﺘـﺪة ﻟﺨﻤـﺲ ﺳـﻨﻮات ، اﻟﺒﻴ ﺎﻧﺎت اﻟﻜﺎﻣﻠـﺔ ا ﻤﺘـﺪة ﻟﺨﻤـﺲ ﺳـﻨﻮات ﺳﻴﺤﺼﻞ اﻟﺒﺎﺣﺜﻮن ﻋﲆ ﻣﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎت أﻛﺜﺮ ﺑﻜﺜ ﻻﺧﺘﺒﺎر ﻣﺎ إذا ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﻫﺬه اﻹﺷﺎرة ﺳﺘﺘﻼﳽ أم . ﻗﻮة ﺘﺰداد ﺳ وﰲ ﺣﺎل ﺗﺄﻛـﺪت ﻫـﺬه اﻟﻨﺘـﺎﺋﺞ ﻓﺈن ذﻟﻚ ﺳﻴﻤﺜﻞ ﺗﺤـﻮﻻً ﺟﻮﻫﺮﻳـﺎً ﰲ ﻓﻬﻤﻨـﺎ ﻟﻠﻜﻮن و ﺼ ه ا ﺤﺘﻤﻞ واﻟـﺬي ﻳﻌﺘﻤـﺪ ﻋـﲆ اﻟﺘﻮازن ﺑ ا ﺎدة واﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ ا ﻈﻠﻤﺔ . وﺗﻘﻮل ﺳـﺘﻴﻔﺎﻧﻲ ﺟﻮﻧـﻮ اﻟﺒﺎﺣﺜـﺔ اﻟﻔﻠﻜﻴـﺔ ا ﺴﺎﻋﺪة وﻣﻤﺜﻠﺔ ﻣﺨﺘﱪ ﻧﻮﻳﺮﻻب ﰲ ﻣﴩـوع »: دﻳﺰي ﻣﻦ ا ﺴﺘﺤﻴﻞ ﺗﻠﺨﻴﺺ ﻛﻞ ﻣﺎ أ ﺳـﻬﻢ ﰲ ﺟﻌﻞ دﻳﺰي ﺗﺠﺮﺑﺔ ﺑﻬﺬا اﻟﻘﺪر ﻣﻦ اﻟﻨﺠﺎح . ﻓﻤﻦ ﺑﻨﺎة اﻷﺟﻬﺰة وﻣﻬﻨـﺪﳼ اﻟﱪﻣﺠﻴـﺎت إﱃ اﻟﻔﻨﻴ وﻣﻮﻇﻔﻲ ا ﺮﺻﺪ واﻟﻌﻠﻤﺎء ﺑﻤﻦ ﻓﻴﻬﻢ اﻟﻌﺪﻳﺪ ﻣـﻦ اﻟﺒـ ﺎﺣﺜ ﰲ ﺑـﺪاﻳﺎت ﻣﺴـ ﺗﻬﻢ اﻟﻌﻠﻤﻴﺔ ﻛﺎن اﻷﻣﺮ ﺣﻘﺎً ﺟ ﻬﺪاً ﺟﻤﺎﻋﻴﺎً ﺿﺨﻤﺎً . وﰲ اﻟﻨﻬﺎﻳﺔ ﻧﺤﻦ ﻧﻘﻮم ﺑﻬﺬا اﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﻣـﻦ أﺟـﻞ اﻟﺒﴩﻳﺔ ﺟﻤﻌﺎء ﻟﻔﻬﻢ ﻛﻮﻧﻨﺎ وﻣﺼ ه اﻟﻨﻬﺎﺋﻲ ﺑﺼﻮرة أﻓﻀﻞ . وﺑﻌﺪ اﻟﻌﺜـﻮر ﻋـﲆ ﻣـﺆﴍات ﺗﻔﻴﺪ ﺑﺄن اﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ ا ﻈﻠﻤﺔ ﻗﺪ ﻻ ﺗﻜـﻮن ﺛﺎﺑﺘـﺔ ﻛﻤﺎ ﻛﻨﺎ ﻧﻌﺘﻘﺪ ورﺑﻤﺎ ﺗﺆﺛﺮ ﰲ ﻣﺼـ اﻟﻜـﻮن ﻧﻔﺴﻪ، أﺷﻌﺮ اﻟﻴﻮم وﻛﺄﻧﻨﻲ أﺟﻠﺲ ﻋﲆ ﺣﺎﻓﺔ ﻣﻘﻌـﺪي ﺑﺎﻧﺘﻈـﺎر ﻧﺘـﺎﺋﺞ ﺗﺤﻠﻴـﻞ اﻟﺨﺮﻳﻄـﺔ اﻟﺠﺪﻳﺪة ﻌﺮﻓﺔ ﻣﺎ إذا ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﻫـﺬه ا ـﺆﴍات ﺘﺄﻛﺪ أم ﻻ ﺳـﺘ ﻛﻤـﺎ أﻧﻨـﻲ ﻣﺘﺤﻤﺴـﺔ ﻟﻠﻐﺎﻳـﺔ ﻟﻼﻛﺘﺸﺎﻓﺎت اﻟﻌﺪﻳﺪة اﻷﺧﺮى اﻟﺘﻲ ﻗﺪ ﺗﺤﻤﻠﻬﺎ ﻫﺬه اﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎت اﻟﺠﺪﻳﺪة « . ﻣﻦ ﺟﺎﻧﺒﻬﺎ ﻗﺎﻟﺖ ﻛﺎﺛﻲ ﺗ ﻧﺮ ﻣﺪﻳﺮة ﺑﺮﻧـﺎﻣﺞ » اﻟﺤﺪود اﻟﻜﻮﻧﻴﺔ « ﰲ ﻣﻜﺘﺐ ﻓﻴﺰﻳـﺎء اﻟﻄﺎﻗـﺔ اﻟﻌﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﺑﻮزارة اﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ اﻷﻣﺮﻳﻜﻴﺔ :» ﻟﻘﺪ ﺗﺠﺎوز ﻣﻄﻴ ﺎف اﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ ا ﻈﻠﻤـﺔ ﺟﻤﻴـﻊ اﻟﺘﻮﻗﻌـﺎت ﻣﻘﺪﻣﺎً ﺧﺮﻳﻄﺔ ﺛﻼﺛﻴﺔ اﻷﺑﻌﺎد ﻏـ ﻣﺴـﺒﻮﻗﺔ ﻟﻠ ﻜـﻮن ﺳـﺘ ﺤﺪث ﺛـﻮرة ﰲ ﻓﻬﻤﻨـﺎ ﻟﻠﻄﺎ ﻗـﺔ ا ﻈﻠﻤﺔ وﻣﻨـﺬ اﻧﻄـﻼق ا ـ ﴩوع ـ ﺗﺼـﻮرﻧﺎ ﻣﺒﺎدرة ﻋﻠﻤﻴﺔ ﺗﺪﻓﻊ ﺣ ﺪود ﻋﻠﻢ اﻟﻜﻮﻧﻴـﺎت إﱃ آﻓﺎق ﺟﺪﻳﺪة ورؤﻳﺔ ﻫﺬا ا ﴩوع ﻳﺤﻘﻖ ﻫـﺬا اﻟﻨﺠﺎح اﻻﺳﺘﺜﻨﺎﺋﻲ ﰲ ﻣﺴﺤﻪ اﻷول ﻗﺒﻞ ا ﻮﻋﺪ ا ﺤ ﺪد وﺑﻤﺜﻞ ﻫﺬه اﻟﺜﺮوة ﻣـﻦ اﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧـﺎت أﻣـﺮ ﺑﺎﻟﻎ اﻷﻫﻤﻴﺔ واﻹرﺿﺎء . إن ﺗﻔﺎﻧﻲ وإﺑﺪاع ﺟﻤﻴﻊ أﻋﻀﺎء ﺗﻌﺎون دﻳـﺰي ﺟﻌﻼ ﻫﺬا اﻹﻧﺠﺎز اﻟﻌﻠﻤﻲ اﻟﺮاﺋﺪ ﻋﺎ ﻴﺎً ﺣﻘﻴﻘﺔ واﻗﻌﺔ، وأﻧﺎ ﻓﺨﻮرة ﻟﻠﻐﺎﻳﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺘـﺎﺋﺞ اﻟﺜﻮرﻳـﺔ اﻟﺘﻲ ﻧﺸﻬﺪﻫﺎ ﺑﺎﻟﻔﻌﻞ وﺑﺎﻻﻛﺘﺸﺎﻓﺎت ا ﻨﺘﻈﺮة ﰲ ا ﺴﺘﻘﺒﻞ ﺑﻴﻨﻤﺎ ﻧﻮاﺻﻞ اﺳﺘﻜﺸـ ﺎف أﴎار اﻟﻜﻮن « . أﻣﺎ ﻣﺎﻳ ﻜﻞ ﻟﻴﻔﻲ ﻣﺪﻳﺮ ﻣﴩوع دﻳﺰي واﻟﻌﺎﻟﻢ ﰲ ﻣﺨﺘﱪ ﺑ ﻛﲇ اﻟﻮﻃﻨﻲ، ﻓﻘﺎل ﻟﻘﺪ »: - ﻳﻮﻟﻴﻮ ﺃﻏﺴﻄﺲ 2 0 2 6 43 ﺷــــﺮﻂ در اﻟﺘ ﺎﻧــــﺔ ﻤﺘـــــﺪ ﻋــــ اﻟﺴـــــﻤﺎء ﻓــــــﻮق ــــــﻚ اﻟــــــﻮﻃ ــــــﺖ ﺑ ﻣﺮﺻــــــﺪ ﻛ اﻟﺘـــــــﺎﺑﻊ ﻟ ـــــــ ﻤﺆﺳﺴــــــﺔ اﻟﻌﻠـــــــﻮم اﻟﻮﻃﻨ ـــــــﺔ ﺔ اﻷﻣﺮ ﻜ وﻫــــــﻮ أﺣــــــﺪ ﺑـــــــﺮاﻣﺞ ﻣﺨﺘــــــ ﻧــــــﻮﻳﺮﻻب . أﻛـــــــ ﺗﻠﺴــ ﻮب ﻓــﻲﻫــﺬا اﻟﺼــﻮرة ﻫــ ﻮ ﺗﻠﺴــ ﻮب ــﻮﻻس ﻧﻴ ــﺎل ﻣﺎ ﻘﻄــﺮ 4 أﻣﺘــﺎر ﺟﻬــﺎز ﻀـﻢ اﻟﺘﺤﻠﻴـــــــــــﻞ اﻟﻄ ﻔـــــــــــﻲ ﻟ ﻠﻄﺎﻗـــــــــــﺔ اﻟﻤﻈﻠﻤـــــــــــﺔ (. دﻳــﺰي) وﺗﻈﻬــﺮاﺿــﻮاء ﻣﺪ ﻨــﺔ ﺗﻮﻛﺴــﻮن ﻓﻲوﻻ ﺔ أر ﺰوﻧﺎ . ﻣﻦ ﻌ ﺪ [KPNO/NOIRLab/NSF/AURA/P. Horálek (Institute of Physics in Opava)]