Free Astronomy Magazine July-August 2026 ARABIC VERSION

This is how protoplanetary disks form byALMAObservatory Bárbara Ferreira very planet — including every- one in the Solar System — was borninsidearotatingdiskof gas and dust swirling around a youngstar.Astronomershavelong understood that these disks exist and that planets take shape within them. What they couldn’t explain washowtherawmaterialgetsthere inthefirstplace.Now,anewstudy led by Indrani Das of the Academia Sinica Institute of Astronomy and Astrophysics (ASIAA) has found the missingpiece:adistincttransition zone where chaotic, infalling gas graduallysettlesintotheorderlyro- tation of a planet-forming disk. The team named it ENDTRANZ — theEnvelopeDiskTransitionZone— anddetecteditforthefirsttimein anactualyoungstellarsystemusing the Atacama Large Millimeter/sub- millimeter Array (ALMA). JULY-AUGUST2026 ﻣﺠﻠﺔ FreeAstronomy ﺎﻟﻌﺮ ﺔ 40 ﻫﻜﺬا ﺗﺘﺸ ﻞ اﻷﻗﺮاص اﻟ ﻮﻛﺒ ﺔ اﻷوﻟ ﺔ : ﻘﻠﻢ ﺎر ﺮا ﻓ ﺮا ﻣﺮﺻﺪ أﻟﻤﺎ ﻟﻘـﺪ و ﻟﺪ ﻛﻞ ﻛﻮﻛﺐ ﻣﻌﺮوف ﺑﻤﺎ ﰲ ذﻟﻚ ﺟﻤﻴﻊ ﻛﻮاﻛﺐ ا ﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ اﻟﺸﻤﺴﻴﺔ داﺧﻞ ﻗﺮص دوّار ﻣﻦ اﻟﻐﺎز واﻟﻐﺒﺎر ﻳﺤﻴﻂ ﺑﻨﺠﻢ ﻓﺘﻲ وﻗﺪ أدرك اﻟﻔﻠﻜﻴـﻮن ﻣﻨـﺬ زﻣـﻦ ﻃﻮﻳـﻞ وﺟـﻮد ﻫـﺬه اﻷ ﻗﺮاص وأن اﻟﻜﻮاﻛﺐ ﺗﺘﺸﻜﻞ داﺧﻠﻬﺎ، ﻟﻜـﻦ ﺳﺆاﻻً أﺳﺎﺳﻴًﺎ ﻇﻞ ﺑـﻼ إﺟﺎﺑـﺔ ا ﻷﻗﺮاص وأن اﻟﻜﻮاﻛﺐ ﺗﺘﺸﻜﻞ داﺧﻠﻬـﺎ ﻟﻜـﻦ ﺳﺆاﻻً أﺳﺎﺳﻴًﺎ ﻇﻞ ﺑـﻼ إﺟﺎﺑـﺔ : ﻛﻴـﻒ ﺗﺼـﻞ ا ﻮاد اﻟﺨـﺎم اﻟﺘـﻲ ﺗﺒﻨـﻲ ﻫـﺬه اﻷﻗـﺮاص إﱃ أﻣﺎﻛﻨﻬﺎ أﺻﻼً؟ اﻵن ﻛﺸﻔﺖ دراﺳـﺔ ﺟﺪﻳـﺪة ﺑﻘﻴﺎدة إﻧﺪراﻧﻲ داس ﻣﻦ ﻣﻌﻬـﺪ ﻋﻠـﻢ اﻟﻔﻠـﻚ واﻟﻔﻴﺰﻳﺎء اﻟﻔﻠﻜﻴﺔ اﻟﺘﺎﺑﻊ ﻟﻸﻛﺎدﻳﻤﻴﺔ اﻟﺼﻴﻨﻴﺔ ﻋﻦ اﻟﺤﻠﻘﺔ ا ﻔﻘﻮدة ﰲ ﻫـﺬه اﻟﻌﻤﻠﻴـﺔ . ﻓﻘـﺪ ﺣﺪد اﻟﺒﺎﺣﺜﻮن ﻣﻨﻄﻘﺔ اﻧﺘﻘﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﻣﻤﻴﺰة ﺗﻨﺘﻘﻞ ﻓﻴﻬـﺎ اﻟﻐـﺎزات اﻟﺴـﺎﻗﻄﺔ ﺑﺸـﻜﻞ ﻓﻮﺿـﻮي ﻓﻴﻬـﺎ اﻟﻐـﺎزات اﻟﺴـﺎﻗﻄﺔ ﺑﺸـﻜﻞ ﻓﻮﺿـﻮي ﺗﺪرﻳﺠﻴًﺎ إﱃ ﺣﺮﻛﺔ دوراﻧﻴـﺔ ﻣﻨﺘﻈﻤـﺔ داﺧـﻞ ﻗﺮص ﻗﺎدر ﻋـﲆ ﺗﻜـﻮﻳﻦ اﻟﻜ . ﻮاﻛـﺐ وأﻃﻠـﻖ اﻟﻔﺮﻳﻖ ﻋﲆ ﻫﺬه ا ﻨﻄﻘﺔ اﺳﻢ إﻧﺪﻧﺮاﻧﺰ واﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﺸ ـ إﱃ ﻣﻨﻄﻘــﺔ اﻻﻧﺘﻘ ـﺎل ﺑــ اﻟﻐ ـﻼف واﻟﻘﺮص . وﻗﺪ ﺗﻢ رﺻﺪﻫﺎ ﻷول ﻣﺮة ﰲ ﻧﻈـﺎم ﻧﺠﻤﻲ ﻓﺘﻲ ﺣﻘﻴﻘـﻲ ﺑﺎﺳـﺘﺨﺪام ﻣﺼـﻔﻮﻓﺔ أﺗﺎﻛﺎﻣﺎ اﻟﻜﺒ ة ﻮﺟﺎت ا ﻠﻴﻤﱰ وﺗﺤﺖ ا ﻠﻴﻤﱰ ﺗﺤﺎط اﻟﻨﺠﻮم اﻟﻔﺘﻴﺔ ﺑﻐﻼف واﺳﻊ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻐﺎز - ﻳﻮﻟﻴﻮ ﺃﻏﺴﻄﺲ 2 0 2 6