Free Astronomy Magazine May-June 2026 ARABIC VERSION

MAY-JUNE2026 ASTROPUBLISHING ofPhysicsatAuburnUniversityinAlabamainthe United States. “This comet got observed because our original comet was not viewable due to somenewtechnicalconstraintsafterwewonour proposal. We had to find a new target — and rightwhenweobservedit,ithappenedtobreak apart, which is the slimmest of slim chances.” Noonan didn’t know K1 was fragmenting until heviewedtheimagesthedayafterHubbletook them. “WhileIwastakinganinitiallookatthe data, I saw that there were four comets in those imageswhenweonlyproposedtolookatone,” said Noonan. “So we knew this was something really, really special.” This is an experiment the researchers always wanted to do with Hubble. They had proposed many Hubble observations to catch a comet breaking up. Unfortunately, these are very diffi- culttoschedule,andtheywereneversuccessful. “The irony is now we’re just studying a regular cometanditcrumblesinfrontofoureyes,” said principal investigator Dennis Bodewits, also a professor in Auburn University’s Department of Physics. “CometsareleftoversoftheeraofSolar System formation, so they’re made of ‘old stuff’—the primordial materials that made our SolarSystem,” explainedBodewits. “Buttheyare not pristine—they’ve been heated, they’ve been irradiated by the Sun and by cosmic rays. So, when looking at a comet’s composition, the question that we always have is, ‘Is this a primi- tive property or is this due to evolution?’ By cracking open a comet, you can see the ancient material that has not been processed.” HubblecaughtK1fragmentingintoatleastfour pieces,eachwithadistinctcoma,thefuzzyen- velopeofgasanddustthatsurroundsacomet’s icy nucleus. Hubble cleanly resolved the frag- ments,buttoground-basedtelescopes,atthey timetheyonlyappearedasbarelydistinguish- ﺑﺎ ﺼ ﺎدﻓﺔ « . » : وأﺿﺎف ﺗﻢ رﺻﺪ ﻫﺬا ا ﺬﻧ ﺐ ﻷن ﻫﺪﻓﻨﺎ اﻷﺻﲇ ﻟﻢ ﻳﻜﻦ ﻗﺎﺑﻼً ﻟﻠﺮﺻﺪ ﺑﺴﺒﺐ ﻗﻴﻮد ﺗﻘﻨﻴﺔ ﺟﺪﻳﺪة ﻇﻬـﺮت ﺑﻌـﺪ ا ﻮاﻓﻘﺔ ﻋﲆ ﻣﻘﱰﺣﻨﺎ . ﻛﺎن ﻋﻠﻴﻨﺎ اﻟﻌﺜﻮ ر ﻋـﲆ ﻫـﺪف ﺟﺪﻳـﺪ وﺑﻤﺠﺮد أن رﺻﺪﻧﺎه ﻛﺎن ﻗﺪ ﺑﺪأ ﻳﺘﻔﻜﻚ وﻫـﻮ اﺣﺘﻤـﺎل ﻧـﺎدر ﻟﻠﻐﺎﻳﺔ « . وﻟﻢ ﻳﻜﻦ ﻧﻮﻧﺎن ﻋﲆ ﻋﻠﻢ ﺑﺄن ا ﺬﻧﺐ K1 ﻛﺎن ﻳﺘﻔﻜﻚ ﺣﺘﻰ اﻃﻠﻊ ﻋﲆ اﻟﺼﻮر ﰲ اﻟﻴﻮم اﻟﺘـﺎﱄ ﻻﻟﺘﻘﺎﻃﻬـﺎ ﺑﻮاﺳـﻄﺔ ﺗﻠﺴﻜﻮب . ﻫﺎﺑﻞ »: وﻗـﺎل أﺛﻨـﺎء ﻣﻌـﺎﻳﻨﺘﻲ اﻷوﻟﻴـﺔ ﻟﻠﺒﻴﺎﻧـﺎت ﻻﺣﻈﺖ وﺟﻮد أرﺑﻌﺔ ﻣﺬﻧﺒﺎت ﰲ اﻟﺼﻮر ﺑﻴﻨﻤﺎ ﻛﻨﺎ ﻗﺪ اﻗﱰﺣﻨﺎ دراﺳﺔ ﻣﺬﻧّﺐ واﺣﺪ ﻓﻘﻂ « . »: وأﺿﺎف ﻋﻨﺪﻫﺎ أدرﻛﻨﺎ أﻧﻨﺎ أﻣﺎم ﻇﺎﻫﺮة اﺳﺘﺜﻨﺎﺋﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﻐﺎﻳﺔ « . وﻗﺪ ﻛﺎن ﻫﺬا اﻟﻨﻮع ﻣـﻦ اﻟﺮﺻـﺪ ﺗﺠﺮ ﺑـﺔ ﺳـﻌﻰ اﻟﺒـﺎﺣﺜﻮن ﻟﺘﻨﻔﻴﺬﻫﺎ ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪام ﺗﻠﺴﻜﻮب ﻫﺎﺑﻞ ﻣﻨﺬ ﻓﱰة ﻃﻮﻳﻠـﺔ ﺣﻴـﺚ ﻗﺪﻣﻮا ﻋﺪة ﻣﻘﱰﺣﺎت ﻟﺮﺻﺪ ﻣﺬﻧﺐ أﺛﻨﺎء ﺗﻔﻜﻜـﻪ إﻻ أ ن ﻫـﺬه اﻷﺣﺪاث ﻳﺼﻌﺐ ﺗﻮﻗﻴﺘﻬﺎ ﺑﺪﻗﺔ وﻟﻢ ﻳﻨﺠﺤـﻮا ﺳـﺎﺑﻘ ﺎ ﰲ ذﻟـﻚ . وﻗﺎل اﻟﺒﺎﺣﺚ اﻟﺮﺋﻴﴘ دﻳﻨﻴﺲ ﺑﻮدوﻓﻴﺘﺲ وﻫﻮ أﻳﻀ ﺎً أﺳﺘﺎذ ﰲ ﻗﺴﻢ اﻟﻔﻴﺰﻳﺎء ﺑﺠﺎﻣﻌﺔ أوﺑﻮ ا ﻔﺎر »: رن ﻗﺔ أﻧﻨـﺎ ﻛﻨـﺎ ﻧـﺪرس ﺎً ﻣﺬﻧﺒ ﺎً ﻋﺎدﻳ ﻓﺈذا ﺑﻪ ﻳﺘﻔﺘﺖ أﻣﺎم أﻋﻴﻨﻨﺎ « . وأوﺿﺢ أن » ا ﺬﻧﺒﺎت ﻫﻲ ﺑﻘﺎﻳﺎ ﻣﻦ ﻣﺮﺣﻠـﺔ ﺗﺸـﻜﻞ اﻟﻨﻈـﺎم اﻟﺸﻤﴘ ﻟﺬا ﻓﻬﻲ ﻣﻜﻮﻧﺔ ﻣـﻦ ﻣـﻮاد ﻗﺪﻳﻤـﺔ ﺟـﺪ اً أي ا ـﻮاد اﻟﺒﺪاﺋﻴﺔ اﻟﺘﻲ ﺷﻜ ﻠﺖ ﻧﻈﺎﻣﻨﺎ اﻟﺸﻤﴘ ﻟﻜ. « ﻨﻪ أﺷـﺎر إﱃ أﻧﻬـﺎ ﻟﻴﺴﺖ ﻧﻘﻴـﺔ ﺗﻤﺎﻣـ ﺎً إذ ﺗﻌﺮﺿـﺖ ﻟﻠﺘﺴـﺨ وا ﻹﺷـﻌﺎع ﻣـﻦ اﻟﺸﻤﺲ واﻷﺷﻌﺔ اﻟﻜﻮﻧﻴﺔ ﻣﻀـﻴﻔًﺎ :» ﻋﻨـﺪ دراﺳـﺔ ﺗﺮﻛﻴـﺐ ا ﺬﻧﺐ ﻳﻈﻞ اﻟﺴﺆال ا ﻄﺮوح داﺋﻤـ : ﺎً ﻫـﻞ ﻫـﺬه اﻟﺨﺼـﺎﺋﺺ ﺑﺪاﺋﻴﺔ أم ﻧﺘﻴﺠﺔ ﻟﺘﻄﻮر ﻻﺣﻖ؟ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼل ﺗﻔﻜﻚ ا ﺬﻧﺐ ﻳﻤﻜﻨﻨﺎ اﻟﻮﺻﻮل إﱃ ﻣﻮاد ﻗﺪﻳﻤـﺔ ﻟـﻢ ﺗﺘﻌﺮض ﻟﻠﻤﻌﺎﻟﺠﺔ « . رﺻﺪ ﺗﻠﺴﻜﻮب ﻫﺎﺑﻞ ﺗﻔﻜﻚ ا ـﺬﻧﺐ K1 إﱃ ﻣﺎ ﻻ ﻳﻘﻞ ﻋﻦ أرﺑﻊ ﺷﻈﺎﻳﺎ ﻟﻜﻞ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ ﻏﻼف ﻏﺎزي ﻏﺒﺎري - اﻟﺬؤاﺑﺔ ) ﻣﻤﻴﺰ ( وﻫﻮ اﻟﻬﺎﻟﺔ اﻟﻀﺒﺎﺑﻴﺔ اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﺤﻴﻂ ﺑﻨﻮاة ا ﺬﻧ ﺐ اﻟﺠﻠﻴﺪﻳﺔ . وﻗﺪ ﺗﻤﻜﻦ ﺗﻠﺴﻜﻮب ﻫﺎﺑﻞ ﻣﻦ ﺗﻤﻴﻴﺰ ﻫﺬه اﻟﺸﻈﺎﻳﺎ ﺑﻮﺿﻮح ﺑﻴﻨﻤﺎ ﺑﺪت ﻟﻠﺘﻠﺴﻜﻮﺑﺎت اﻷرﺿﻴﺔ ﰲ ذﻟﻚ اﻟﻮﻗﺖ ﻛﻜﺘﻞ ﻏ واﺿﺤﺔ ﻳﺼﻌﺐ اﻟﺘﻔﺮﻳﻖ ﺑﻴﻨﻬﺎ . اﻟﺘُﻘﻄﺖ ﺻﻮر ﺗﻠﺴﻜﻮب ﻫﺎﺑﻞ ﺑﻌـﺪ ﻧﺤـﻮ ﺷـﻬﺮ و اﺣـ ﺪ ﻣـﻦ وﺻﻮل ا ﺬﻧﺐ إﱃ أﻗﺮب ﻧﻘﻄﺔ ﻟـﻪ ﻣـﻦ اﻟﺸـﻤﺲ وا ﻌﺮوﻓـﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﺤﻀﻴﺾ اﻟﺸﻤﴘ وﻗﺪ وﻗﻊ ﻫﺬا اﻟﺤﻀـﻴﺾ داﺧـﻞ ﻣـﺪار ﻛﻮﻛﺐ ﻋﻄﺎرد ﻋﲆ ﻣﺴﺎﻓﺔ ﺗﻌﺎدل ﻧﺤـﻮ ﺛﻠـﺚ ا ﺴـﺎﻓﺔ ﺑـ اﻷرض واﻟﺸﻤﺲ . وﺧﻼل ﻫﺬه ا ﺮﺣﻠﺔ ﻳﺘﻌﺮض ا ﺬﻧّﺐ ﻷﻗﴡ اﻟــﺘﻘﻂ ﺗﻠﺴــ ﻮبﻫﺎﺑـﻞ اﻟﻔﻀـﺎﺋﻲ اﻟﺘــﺎﺑﻊ ﻟﻮ ﺎﻟــﺔ ﻧﺎﺳـﺎ وو ﺎﻟــﺔ ــﺔ اﻟﻔﻀـﺎء اﻷوروﺑ ﻫــﺬﻩ اﻟﺴﻠﺴــﻠﺔ ﻣــﻦ اﻟﺼــﻮر ﻟﻠﻤــﺬﻧﺐ اﻟﻤﺘﻔﺘــﺖ C/2025 K1 (ATLAS) أو ( K1 اﺧﺘﺼــﺎر اً ــﺎم ﻋﻠــﻰ ﻣــﺪارﺛﻼﺛــﺔ أ ـــــــــــﺔ ﻣﺘﺘﺎﻟ : 10-9-8 ﻧـــــــــــﻮﻓﻤ 2025 ـــــــــــﺎف وﻗـــــــــــﺪ اﻟﺘﻘﻄﻬـــــــــــﺎ ﻣﻄ اﻟﺘﺼــــــــﻮﻳﺮاﻟﻔﻀــــــــﺎﺋﻲ اﻟﺘـــــــــﺎﺑﻊ ﻟﺘﻠﺴــــــــ ﻮبﻫﺎﺑـــــــــ ﻞ وﺗ ﻈﻬــــــــﺮﻫـــــــــﺬﻩ اﻟﺴﻠﺴﻠﺔ اﻟﺘﻔ ﻚ اﻟﺘﺪر ﺠﻲ ﻟﻠﻤﺬﻧﺐﺧﻼل ﻫﺬﻩ اﻟﻔ ة اﻟﻘﺼ ة وﻫﺬﻩ ﻫﻲ اﻟﻤﺮة ﻳﺮﺻﺪ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ اﻷوﻟﻰ اﻟ ﺗﻠﺴ ﻮب ﺎً ﻫﺎﺑﻞ ﻣﺬﻧ ﻓﻲﻫﺬﻩ اﻟﻤﺮﺣﻠﺔ اﻟﻤ ﻜﺮة ﻣﻦ ﻋﻤﻠ ﺔ اﻟﺘﻔ ﻚ . [NASA, ESA, D. Bodewits (Auburn).Image processing: J. DePasquale (STScI)] ﻣﺠﻠﺔ FreeAstronomy ﺎ ﻟﻌﺮ ﺔ