Free Astronomy Magazine May-June 2026 ARABIC VERSION

MAY-JUNE2026 47 servatory of Japan undertookan unprecedentedly large study of solar “twins,” stars which have very similartemperature,surfacegravity, and composition to our Sun. They >used data taken by the European Space Agency’s Gaia satellite mis- sion, a daunting trove of observa- tions covering two billion stars and otherobjects.Theycreatedacata- logue of 6,594 stellar “twins,” a col- lectionaround30timeslargerthan previous surveys. From this immense list, they were able to obtain the most accurate picture to date of the agesofthesestars,carefullycorrect- ing for the selection bias of stars which are easier to see. Lookingatthedistributionofages, theynoticedabroadpeakforstars around4to6billionyearsold:this includesourSun,andisevidencefor similar stars of similar age, posi- tioned around the same distance fromthecenteroftheGalaxy.This meansthatourSunisnotatitscur- rent position by accident, but as partofamuchlargerstellarmigra- tion. This discovery sheds light not only on the nature of our Solar System, butalsotheevolutionoftheGalaxy bythebarstructureatthegalactic center would not allow for such a mass egress. However, the story changes if the bar was still being formedatthetime.Theagesofour stellar“twins”revealnotonlywhen themassescapeoccurred,butalso the time range over which the bar was formed. The center of the Galaxy isa farless hospitableenvi- ronment for the evolution of life thantheouterregions.Theteam’s findingsthusilluminateakeyfactor inhowourSolarSystem,andinturn our planet, found itself in a region of the Galaxy where organisms could develop and evolve. Inthefuturetheteamhopestouse preciseobservationsofthestarssim- ilarinagetotheSuntolookfor stars born near the same time and place as the Sun to deter- minethepointofori- gin and travel route of the mass migra- tion. It is expected thatthe Japanese JASMINE astrometry satellitemissionbeing developedbytheNa- tional Astronomical ObservatoryofJapan willcontributetothis itself.Thecorotationbarriercreated research.  وﺟﺎذﺑﻴﺔ ﺳﻄﺤﻴ ﺔ وﺗﺮﻛﻴﺒﺎً ﻛﻴﻤﻴﺎﺋﻴﺎً ﻣﺸـﺎﺑﻬﺎً ﺸﻤﺲ ﻟﻠ اً ﺟﺪ وﻗﺪ اﺳﺘﺨﺪﻣﻮا ﺑﻴﺎﻧـﺎت ﻣﻬﻤـﺔ اﺧﺬت ﻣﻦ اﻟﻘﻤﺮ اﻟﺼﻨﺎﻋﻲ ﻏﺎﻳﺎ اﻟﺘﺎﺑﻊ ﻟﻮﻛﺎﻟﺔ اﻟﻔﻀﺎء اﻷوروﺑﻴﺔ وﻫﻲ ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ ﺿﺨﻤﺔ ﻣﻦ اﻷرﺻﺎد ﺗﺸﻤﻞ ﻧﺤﻮ ﻣﻠﻴـﺎري ﻧﺠـ ﻢ وأﺟـﺮام أﺧﺮى . أﻧﺸـﺄ اﻟﻔﺮﻳـﻖ ﻓﻬﺮﺳـ ﺎً ﻳﻀـﻢ 6,594 ﺎً ﺗﻮأﻣ» «ﺎً ﻧﺠﻤﻴ وﻫﻮ ﻋﺪد ﻳﺰﻳﺪ ﺑﻨﺤﻮ 30 ﻣـﺮة ﻋﻦ اﻟﺪراﺳﺎت اﻟﺴـﺎﺑﻘ . ﺔ وﻣـﻦ ﺧـﻼل ﻫـﺬه اﻟﻘ ﺎﺋﻤﺔ اﻟﻬﺎﺋﻠﺔ ﺗﻤﻜﻨﻮا ﻣﻦ اﻟﺤﺼﻮل ﻋﲆ أدق ﺗﻘﺪﻳﺮ ﺣﺘﻰ اﻵن ﻷﻋﻤـﺎر ﻫـﺬه اﻟﻨﺠـﻮم ﻣـﻊ ﺗﺼﺤﻴﺢ دﻗﻴﻖ ﻻﻧﺤﻴﺎز اﻟﺮﺻﺪ ﻧﺤـﻮ اﻟﻨﺠـﻮم اﻷﺳﻬﻞ ﰲ اﻻ ﻛﺘﺸـﺎف وﻋﻨـﺪ ﺗﺤﻠﻴـﻞ ﺗﻮزﻳـﻊ اﻷﻋﻤﺎر ﻻﺣﻈﻮا وﺟﻮد ذروة واﺳـﻌﺔ ﻟﻨﺠـﻮم ﺗﱰا وح أﻋﻤﺎرﻫﺎ ﺑ 4 و 6 ﻣﻠﻴﺎراتﺳﻨﺔ وﻫﻲ ﻓﺌﺔ ﺗﺸﻤﻞ اﻟﺸﻤﺲ وﺗُﻌﺪ دﻟـﻴﻼً ﻋـﲆ و ﺟـﻮد ﻧﺠﻮم ﻣﺘﺸﺎﺑﻬﺔ ﰲ اﻟﻌﻤﺮ وا ﻮﻗﻊ ﺗﻘﺮﻳﺒًﺎ ﻋﲆ ﻧﻔﺲ ا ﺴﺎﻓﺔ ﻣﻦ ﻣﺮﻛﺰ ا ﺠﺮة . وﻫﺬا ﻳﻌﻨﻲ أن وﺟـﻮد اﻟﺸـﻤﺲ ﰲ ﻣﻮﻗﻌﻬـﺎ اﻟﺤﺎﱄ ﻟﻴﺲ ﻣﺼﺎدﻓﺔ ﺑﻞ ﻧﺘﻴﺠﺔ ﻫﺠﺮة ﻧﺠﻤﻴﺔ واﺳﻌﺔ اﻟﻨﻄﺎق . ﻳﺴﻠﻂ ﻫﺬا اﻻﻛﺘﺸﺎف اﻟﻀﻮء ﻟﻴﺲ ﻓﻘﻂ ﻋﲆ ﻃﺒﻴﻌﺔ ﻧﻈﺎﻣﻨﺎ اﻟﺸ ـ ﻤﴘ ﺑـﻞ أﻳﻀ ﺎً ﻋﲆ ﺗﻄﻮر ا ﺠﺮة ﻧﻔﺴﻬﺎ . ﻓﺤﺎﺟﺰ اﻟﺪوران ا ﺸﱰك اﻟﻨـﺎﺗﺞ ﻋـﻦ اﻟﺒﻨﻴـﺔ اﻟـﴩﻳﻄﻴﺔ ﰲ ﻣﺮﻛﺰ ا ﺠﺮة ﻻ ﻳﺴـﻤﺢ ﻋـﺎدةً ﺑﻤﺜﻞ ﻫﺬه اﻟﻬﺠـﺮة اﻟﻜﺒـ ة . ﻟﻜـﻦ اﻟﺼـﻮرة ﺗﺨﺘﻠﻒ إذا ﻛﺎن ﻫﺬا اﻟﴩﻳﻂ ا ﺮﻛﺰي ﻻ ﻳـﺰال ﰲ ﻃـﻮر اﻟﺘﺸـﻜﻞ آﻧـﺬاك . إذ ﺗﻜﺸـﻒ أﻋﻤـﺎر ﻣﺠﻠﺔ FreeAstronomy ﺎﻟﻌﺮ ﺔ 47 ﻗﺒﻞ 7 ﻣﻠ ﺎراتﺳﻨﺔ ﻣﺠﺮة ﺣﻠﺰوﻧ ﺔ . ﻗﺒﻞ 6 -7 ﻣﻠ ﺎراتﺳﻨﺔ ﺗ ﻮّن اﻟﺸﺮﻂ اﻟﻤﺮﻛﺰي ﻟﻠﻤﺠﺮة . ﻗﺒﻞ 4 -6 ﻣﻠ ﺎراتﺳﻨﺔ ﺘﺸ ﻞ اﻟﻨﻈﺎم اﻟﺸﻤﺴﻲو ) ﺗﻮأﻣﺎﺗﮫ ﻗﺮ( ـﻮّ ﻣﺮﻛـﺰاﻟﻤﺠـﺮة ﺠـﺰء ﻣـﻦ ﻣﻮﺟـﺔ ﺗ ن ﻧ ﻤــﻲ ﺗﺸ ﻞ ﺴ ﺐ اﻟﺸﺮﻂ اﻟﻤﺮﻛﺰي . ﻣﻨﺬ 4 -6 اﻟـﺤﺎﺿﺮ ﻣﻠ ﺎراتﺳﻨﺔﺣ ﻟﻔــــــــ ة ﻣـــــــﻦ اﻟــــــﺰﻣﻦ ﻌـــــــﺪ ﻧﺸـــــــﺄﺗﮫ ﻳﻬــــــــﺎﺟﺮ ـــﺎﻟﻲ اﻟﻨﻈــﺎم اﻟﺸﻤﺴـــﻲ إﻟـــﻰ ﻣﻮﻗﻌـــﮫ ا ﻣﺼﻄﺤ ﺎ ﻣﻌﮫ ) ﺗﻮأﻣﺎﺗﮫ .( إذ ﺗﻜﺸﻒ أﻋﻤﺎر اﺋﺗﻮ » ﻢ اﻟﺸﻤﺲ « ﻟﻴﺲ ﻓﻘﻂ ﻋﻦ زﻣﻦ ﺣﺪوث اﻟﻬﺠﺮة ﺑﻞ أﻳ ﺎً ﻀ اﻟﻔﱰة اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﺸﻜﻞ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﻫﺬا اﻟﴩﻳﻂ ا ﺮﻛﺰي . ﻳُﻌﺪ ﻣﺮﻛﺰ ا ﺠﺮة ﺑﻴﺌﺔ أﻗﻞ ﻣﻼءﻣﺔ ﻟﺘﻄﻮر اﻟﺤﻴﺎة ﻣﻘ ﺎرﻧﺔ ﺑﺎ ﻨﺎﻃﻖ اﻟﺨﺎرﺟﻴﺔ وﺑﺎﻟﺘـﺎﱄ ﺗﺴـﻠﻂ ﻧﺘـﺎﺋﺞ اﻟﻔﺮﻳﻖ اﻟﻀﻮء ﻋﲆ ﻋﺎﻣﻞ أﺳﺎﳼ ﻳﻔﴪ ﻛﻴﻒ وﺟﺪ ﻧﻈﺎﻣﻨﺎ اﻟﺸ ـ ﻤﴘ وﻣﻦ ﺛﻢ ﻛﻮﻛﺒﻨﺎ ﻧﻔﺴﻪ ﰲ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﺔ ﻣﻦ ا ﺠﺮة ﺗﺴﻤﺢ ﺑﻨﺸﻮء اﻟﻜﺎﺋﻨﺎت اﻟﻜﺎﺋﻨـﺎت اﻟﺤﻴـﺔ وﺗﻄﻮرﻫـﺎ . وﰲ ا ﺴـﺘﻘﺒﻞ، اﻟﺤﻴﺔ وﺗﻄﻮرﻫﺎ . وﺗﺸـ اﻟﻨﻤـﺎذج اﻟﺤﺪﻳﺜـﺔ ﻟﺪﻳﻨﺎﻣﻴﻜﻴﺎت ا ﺠﺮات إﱃ أن ﺗﻔﺎﻋـ ﻞ اﻟﻨﺠـﻮم ﻣﻊ اﻟﺒﻨﻰ اﻟﺪاﺧﻠﻴـﺔ ﻣﺜـﻞ اﻷذرع اﻟﺤﻠﺰوﻧﻴـﺔ ﴩﻳﻂ واﻟ ا ﺮﻛﺰي ﻳﻤﻜـﻦ أن ﻳـﺆدي إﱃ ﺗﻐـ ﺗﺪرﻳ ﺠﻲ ﰲ ﻣﺪاراﺗﻬﺎ ﻋـﱪ ﻣﻠﻴـﺎر ات اﻟﺴـﻨ . ﻫﺬه اﻟﻌﻤﻠﻴـﺎت ا ﻌﻘـﺪة ا ﻌﺮوﻓـﺔ ﺑـﺎﻟﻬﺠﺮة اﻟﺸﻌﺎﻋﻴﺔ ﺗﺘﻴﺢ ﻟﻠﻨﺠﻮم اﻻﻧﺘﻘﺎل ﻣﻦ ﻣﻨـﺎﻃﻖ ﻛﺜﻴﻔﺔ إﱃ ﺑﻴﺌﺎت أﻛﺜﺮ اﺳﺘﻘﺮار .اً اﺳﺘﻘﺮارًا وﻣﻼءﻣﺔ وﰲ ا ﺴﺘﻘﺒﻞ ﻳﻄ ﻤﺢ اﻟﻔﺮﻳﻖ إﱃ اﺳﺘﺨﺪام أرﺻـﺎد أﻛﺜـﺮ دﻗﺔ ﻟﻨﺠﻮم ﻣﻤﺎﺛﻠﺔ ﰲ اﻟﻌﻤﺮ ﻟﻠﺸﻤﺲ ﻟﻠﺒﺤﺚ ﻋﻦ ﻧ ﺠـﻮم وُﻟــﺪت ﰲ ﻧﻔــﺲ اﻟﺰﻣــﺎن وا ﻜﺎن ﺑﻬﺪف ﺗﺤﺪﻳﺪ ﻧﻘﻄﺔ اﻻ ﻧﻄــﻼق وﻣﺴــﺎر ﻫــﺬه اﻟﻬﺠﺮة اﻟﻨﺠﻤﻴﺔ أن وﻳﺘﻮﻗﻊ ﺗﺴــﻬﻢ ﻣﻬﻤ ــﺔ اﻟﻘﻤ ــﺮ اﻟﺼﻨﺎﻋﻲ اﻟﻴﺎﺑﺎﻧﻲ ﺟﺎﺳﻤ ا ﺘﺨﺼــﺺ ﰲ اﻟﻘﻴﺎﺳــﺎت اﻟﻔﻠﻜﻴﺔ ﰲ دﻋﻢ ﻫﺬا اﻟﻨـﻮع ا ﻣﻦ ﻷﺑﺤﺎث اﻟﻌﻠﻤﻴﺔ . ﻧﻤــﻮذج ﻫﺠـــﺮة اﻟﻨﺠـــﻮم اﻟـــ ـ ﻤﺎﻋ ﺔ اﻟﻤﻘـــ ح ﻓـــــــﻲ اﻟﺒﺤـــــــﺚ . ـــــــﺎسﻋﻠـــــــﻰ ﻣـــــــﺪ وﻫـــــــﺬا اﻟﻤﻘ ﻣﻠ ﺎر اﻟﻤﺎﺿ ﺔ ات اﻟﺴﻨ . [NAOJ] اﻟﻌﻼﻗــــــــﺔ اﻟﻠــــــــﻮن ﺑــــــــ واﻟﻠﻤﻌــﺎن ﻷﻧــﻮاع ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻔــﺔ ﻣــــــــــــﻦ اﻟﻨﺠـــــــــــــﻮم . اﻟﻨﺠـــــــــــــﻮم اﻟﺘـــــــــﻮأم ﻟﻠﺸــــــــــﻤﺲﻫــــــــــﻲ ﻧﺠﻮم ذات أﻟﻮان وﻟﻤﻌـﺎن ﻣﺸــــــــــــــــــــــﺎﺑﻬﺔ ﻟﻠﺸــــــــــــــــــــــﻤﺲ ) اﻟﻨﺠــــﻮم اﻟﻮاﻗﻌــــﺔ داﺧــــﻞ ﺷ ﮫ اﻟﻤﻨﺤﺮف اﻷ ﻤﺮ .( [D. Tanigu-chi & T. Tsujimoto] اﻟﺸﻤﺲ اﻟﺘﻮاﺋﻢ اﻟﺸﻤﺴ ﺔ اﻟﺘﺴﻠﺴﻞ اﻟﺮ ﺴﻲ اﻟﻠﻤﻌﺎن اﻟﻨ ﻤﻲ ) ﻗﺪر اﻟﻨﻄﺎق G ( ﺧﺎﻓﺖ ﺎﻃﻊﺳ اﻟﻌﻤﺎﻟﻘﺔ اﻟـ ﻤﺮاء اﻷﻗﺰام اﻟﺒ ﻀﺎء اﻟﻠﻮن اﻟﻨ ﻤﻲ ) BP-RP ( أزرق أ ﻤﺮ - ﻣﺎﻳﻮ ﻳﻮﻧﻴﻮ 2 0 2 6