Free Astronomy Magazine May-June 2026 ARABIC VERSION

MAY-JUNE2026 N ASA’sJamesWebbSpaceTelescopeshowsgalaxy MoM-z14asitappearedinthedistantpast,only 280millionyearsaftertheUniversebeganintheBig Bang. [NASA, ESA, CSA, STScI, Rohan Naidu (MIT); ImageProcessing:JosephDePasquale(STScI)] ASA’sJamesWebbSpaceTel- escopehastoppeditselfonce again,deliveringonitsprom- ise to push the boundaries of the observable universe closer to cosmic dawn with the confirmation of a bright galaxy that existed 280 mil- lion years after the big bang. By now Webb has established that it will eventually surpass virtually every benchmark it sets in these early years, but the newly con- firmed galaxy, MoM-z14, holds in- triguing clues to the universe’s historicaltimelineandjusthowdif- ferentaplacetheearlyuniversewas than astronomers expected. “With Webb,weareabletoseefarther thanhumanseverhavebefore,and it looks nothing like what we pre- dicted, which is both challenging and exciting,” said Rohan Naidu of theMassachusettsInstituteofTech- nology’s(MIT)KavliInstituteforAs- trophysics and Space Research, lead author of a paper on galaxy MoM- z14 published in the Open Journal of Astrophysics . Due to the expansion of the uni- versethatisdrivenbydarkenergy, discussionofphysicaldistancesand “years ago” becomes tricky when looking this far. Using Webb’s NIR- Spec (Near-Infrared Spectrograph) instrument,astronomersconfirmed thatMoM-z14hasacosmological redshift of 14.44, meaning that its light has been travelling through (expanding) space, being stretched and “shifted” to longer, redder wavelengths, for about 13.5 of the universe’s estimated 13.8 billion years of existence. “We can estimate the distance of galaxies from images, but it’s really important to follow up and confirm withmoredetailedspectroscopyso that we know exactly what weare seeing, and when,” said Pascal Oesch of the University of Geneva, co-principal investigator of the sur- vey. MoM-z14 is one of a growing group ofsurprisinglybrightgalaxiesinthe ﻟﻘـﺪ ﺗﻔﻮ ق ﺗﻠﺴﻜﻮب ﺟﻴﻤﺲ وﻳﺐ اﻟﻔﻀـﺎﺋﻲ اﻟﺘﺎﺑﻊ ﻟﻮﻛﺎﻟﺔ ﻧﺎﺳﺎ ﻋﲆ ﻧﻔﺴـﻪ ﻣـﺮة أﺧـﺮى ﺎً ﻣﺤﻘﻘ وﻋﺪه ﺑﺪﻓﻊ ﺣﺪود اﻟﻜﻮن ا ﺮﺋﻲ أﻗﺮب إﱃ ﻓﺠﺮ اﻟﻜﻮن ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼل ﺗﺄﻛﻴﺪ وﺟﻮد ﻣﺠـﺮة ﺳـﺎﻃﻌﺔ ﺗﻌـﻮد إﱃ 280 ﻣﻠﻴـﻮن ﺳـﻨ ﺔ ﺑﻌـﺪ اﻻﻧﻔﺠﺎر اﻟﻌﻈﻴﻢ . أﺛﺒﺖ ﺣﺘﻰ اﻵن ﺗﻠﺴﻜﻮب وﻳﺐ أﻧﻪ ﺳﻴﺠﺘ ﺎز ﰲ ﻧﻬﺎﻳﺔ ا ﻄـﺎف ﻛـﻞ ﻣﻌﻴـ ﺎر ﻳﻀـﻌﻪ ﰲ ﻫـﺬه اﻟﺴﻨﻮات ا ﺒﻜﺮة ﻟﻜﻦ ا ﺠﺮة اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﻢ ﺗﺄﻛﻴﺪﻫﺎ اً ﻣﺆﺧﺮ MoM-z14 ﺗﺤﻤﻞ دﻻﺋﻞ ﻣﺜ ة ﺣـﻮل اﻟﺘﺴﻠﺴﻞ اﻟﺰﻣﻨﻲ ﻟﻠﻜﻮن وﻣﺪى اﺧﺘﻼف اﻟﻜﻮن ا ﺒﻜﺮ ﻋﻤﺎ ﺗﻮﻗﻌﻪ ﻋﻠﻤﺎء اﻟﻔﻠﻚ . ﻗﺎل روﻫﺎن ﻧﺎﻳﺪو ﻣﻦ ﻣﻌﻬﺪ ﻛﺎﻓﲇ ﻟﻌﻠﻢ اﻟﻔﻠﻚ وﻋﻠـﻮم اﻟﻔﻀـﺎء ﰲ ﻣﻌﻬـﺪ ﻣﺎﺳﺎﺗ ﺸﻮﺳـﺘﺲ ﻟﻠﺘﻜﻨﻮﻟﻮﺟﻴﺎ )MIT ( و ا ﺆﻟﻒ اﻟﺮﺋﻴﴘ ﻟﻠﻮرﻗﺔ اﻟﺒﺤﺜﻴﺔ ﺣﻮل ﻣﺠﺮة MoM-z14 ا ﻨﺸـﻮرة ﰲ ﺣﻮل ﻣﺠﺮة MoM-z14 ا ﻨﺸـﻮر ة ﰲ ا ﺠﻠـﺔ ا ﻔﺘﻮﺣﺔ ﻟﻌﻠﻢ اﻟﻔﻠﻚ ﻣـﻊ :" ﺗﻠﺴـﻜﻮب وﻳـﺐ ﻧﺤﻦ ﻗﺎدرون ﻋﲆ ا ﻟﺮؤﻳﺔ أﺑﻌﺪ ﻣﻤﺎ رأى اﻟﺒﴩ ﻣﻦ ﻗﺒﻞ وﻣﺎ ﻧﺮاه ﻻ ﻳﺸﺒﻪ ﻋـﲆ اﻹﻃـﻼق ﻣـﺎ ﺗﻮﻗﻌﻨﺎه وﻫﻮ أﻣـﺮ ﻳﺸـﻜﻞ ﺗﺤـﺪﻳ ﺎً ﰲ اً وﻣﺜـ اﻟﻮﻗﺖ ﻧﻔﺴﻪ . اً ﻧﻈﺮ ﻟﺘﻮﺳﻊ اﻟﻜـﻮن ا ـﺪﻓ ﻮع ﺑﺎﻟﻄﺎﻗــﺔ ا ﻈﻠﻤــﺔ ﻳﺼــﺒﺢ اﻟﺤــﺪﻳﺚ ﻋــﻦ ا ﺴﺎﻓﺎت اﻟﻔﻴﺰﻳﺎﺋﻴﺔ وﻋﺪد اﻟﺴ ﻨﻮات ا ﺎﺿـﻴﺔ اً أﻣﺮ اً ﻣﻌﻘﺪ ﻋﻨـﺪ اﻟﻨﻈـﺮ إﱃ ﻫـﺬه ا ﺴـﺎﻓﺎت اﻟﺒﻌﻴﺪة . ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪام ﺟﻬﺎز ﻧ ﺳﺒﻴﻚ ) ا ﻄﻴﺎف اﻟﻘﺮﻳﺐ ﻣﻦ اﻷﺷﻌﺔ ﺗﺤﺖ اﻟﺤﻤﺮاء ( اﻟﺨـﺎص ﺑ ﺘﻠﺴﻜﻮب وﻳﺐ أﻛﺪ ﻋﻠﻤﺎء اﻟﻔﻠـﻚ أن ا ﺠـﺮة MoM-z14 ﺗ ﻤﺘﻠﻚ اﻧﺰﻳﺎﺣ ﺎُ أﺣﻤﺮ ﻛﻮﻧﻴ ﺎً ﻳﺒﻠـﻎ 14.44 ﻣﺎ ﻳﻌﻨﻲ أن ﺿﻮ ءه ﻛﺎن ﻳﺴـﺎﻓﺮ ﻋـﱪ اﻟﻔﻀﺎء ا ﺘﻮﺳ اً ﻊ ﻣﻤﺘﺪ وﻣﺘﺤـﻮﻻً إﱃ أﻃـﻮال ﻣﻮﺟﻴﺔ أﻃﻮل وأﺣﻤﺮ، ﺪة ﺗﻘﺎرب ١٣.٥ ﻣﻠﻴﺎر ﻣﻮﺟﻴﺔ أﻃﻮل وأﺣﻤﺮ ﺪة ﺗﻘﺎرب 13.5 ﻣﻠﻴﺎر ﺳﻨﺔ ﻣﻦ ﻋﻤﺮ اﻟﻜﻮن اﻟﺒﺎﻟﻎ ﺣﻮاﱄ 13.8 ﻣﻠﻴﺎر .ﺳﻨﺔ وﻗﺎل ﺑﺎﺳﻜﺎل أوﻳﺶ ﻣﻦ ﺟﺎﻣﻌﺔ ﺟﻨﻴﻒ اﻟﺒﺎﺣﺚ ا ﺸﺎرك ﰲ اﻟﺪراﺳﺔ :" ﻳﻤﻜﻨﻨﺎ ﺗﻘـﺪﻳﺮ ﻣﺴﺎﻓﺔ ا ﺠﺮات ﻣﻦ اﻟﺼﻮر ﻟﻜﻦ ﻣﻦ ا ﻬﻢ ﺟﺪ اً ا ﺘﺎﺑﻌﺔ واﻟ ﺘﺄﻛﺪ ﻣـﻦ ﺧـﻼل ﻣﻄﻴﺎﻓﻴـﺔ أﻛﺜـﺮ ﺗﻔﺼﻴﻼً ﺣﺘﻰ ﻧﻌﺮف ﺑﺎﻟﻀﺒﻂ ﻣﺎ ﻧﺮاه وﻣﺘﻰ ." ﺗﻌﺪ ا ﺠﺮة MoM-z14 واﺣﺪة ﻣﻦ ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋـﺔ ﻣﺘﺰاﻳﺪة ﻣﻦ ا ﺠﺮات اﻟﺴﺎ ﻃﻌﺔ ﺑﺸﻜﻞ ﻣﻔﺎﺟﺊ ﰲ اﻟﻜﻮن ا ﺒﻜﺮ أﻛﺜﺮ ﺑﻤ ﺎ ﺋﺔ ﻣﺮة ﻣﻤﺎ ﺗﻮﻗﻌـﺖ اﻟﺪراﺳﺎت اﻟﻨﻈﺮﻳﺔ ﻗﺒﻞ إﻃﻼق ﺗﻠﺴﻜﻮب وﻳﺐ ﺎً وﻓﻘ ﻟﻔﺮﻳﻖ اﻟﺒﺤـﺚ . وﻗـﺎل ﺟـﺎﻛﻮب ﺷـ ﺑﺎﺣﺚ ﻣـﺎ ﺑﻌـﺪ اﻟـﺪﻛﺘﻮراه ﰲ ) ﻣﻌﻬـﺪ MIT ( وﻋﻀﻮ اﻟﻔﺮﻳﻖ :" ﻫﻨﺎك ﻓﺠـ ﻮة ﻣﺘﺰاﻳـﺪة ﺑـ اﻟﻨﻈﺮﻳﺔ واﻟ ﺮﺻﺪ ﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﻳﺘﻌﻠﻖ ﺑـﺎﻟﻜﻮن ا ﺒﻜـﺮ وﻫــﻮ ﻣــﺎ ﻳﻄــﺮح أﺳــﺌﻠﺔ ﻣﻬﻤــﺔ ﻳﻤﻜــﻦ - ﻣﺎﻳﻮ ﻳﻮﻧﻴﻮ 2 0 2 6 ﻈﻬﺮ ﺗﻠﺴ ﻮبﺟ ﻤﺲو ﺐ اﻟﻔﻀﺎﺋﻲ اﻟﺘﺎﺑﻊ ﻟﻨﺎﺳﺎ اﻟﻤﺠ ﺮة MoM-z14 ـــــﺪ ـــــﺪت ﻓـــــﻲ اﻟﻤﺎﺿـــــﻲ اﻟ ﻌ ﻤـــــﺎ ﻌـــــﺪ 280 ﻣﻠﻴـــــﻮنﺳـــــﻨﺔ ﻓﻘﻂﻣﻦ ﺪء اﻟ ﻮن ﻓﻲ اﻻﻧﻔﺠﺎراﻟﻌﻈ ﻢ . [NASA, ESA, CSA, STScI, Rohan Naidu (MIT); Image Processing: Joseph DePasquale (STScI)] ﻈﻬـﺮ ـﺐ اﻟ ﺗﻠﺴــ ﻮبﺟـ ﻤﺲو ﻔﻀــﺎﺋﻲ اﻟﺘـﺎﺑﻊ ﻟ ﻮ ﺎﻟــﺔ ﻧﺎﺳـﺎ اﻟﻤﺠـﺮة MoM-z14 ـــــﺪ ـــــﺪت ﻓــــﻲ اﻟﻤﺎﺿـــــﻲ اﻟ ﻌ ﻤــــﺎ ﻌــــﺪ 280 ﻣﻠﻴـــــﻮنﺳـــــﻨﺔ ﻓﻘﻂﻣﻦ ﺪء اﻟ ﻮن ﻓﻲ اﻻﻧﻔﺠﺎراﻟﻌﻈ ﻢ . [NASA, ESA, CSA, STScI, Rohan Naidu (MIT); Image Processing: Joseph DePasquale (STScI)] ﻣﺠﻠﺔ FreeAstronomy ﺎﻟﻌﺮ ﺔ 29