Free Astronomy Magazine May-June 2026 ARABIC VERSION

19 that reveals the chemical elements present in the intervening material. “WhenIstartedobservingtheoccul- tation with spectroscopy, I was hop- ing to unveil something about the chemical composition of the cloud, as no such measurements had been done before. But the result ex- ceeded all my expectations,” says Zakamska. The GHOST data revealed multiple metals—elementsheavierthanhe- lium — within the cloud. More re- markably,thehighprecisionofthe spectra allowed the team to directly measure how the gas is moving in three dimensions. This marks the firsttimeastronomershavemeas- ured the internal gas motions of a disk orbiting a secondary object such as a planet or low-mass star. The observations show a dynamic environmentwithwindsofgaseous metals,includingironandcalcium. “The sensitivity of GHOST allowed ustonotonlydetectthegasinthis cloud,buttoactuallymeasurehow it is moving,” says Zakamska. “That’s something we’ve never beenabletodobeforeinasystem like this.” “This study illustrates the consider- ablepowerofGemini’snewestfacil- ity instrument, GHOST,” notes Chris Davis, NSF Program Director for NOIRLab, “and further highlights one of Gemini’s great strengths — rapidly responding to transient events like this occultation.” The precise measurements of the speed and direction of the wind showthatthecloudismovingsepa- rate from its host star. This, com- bined with how long the occul- tation lasted, further confirm that the occulter is a disk around a sec- ondary object and that it orbits in the outer reaches of its host star’s stellarsystem.Thesourceshowsin- frared excess, typically associated withdisksaroundyoungstars.How- ever,J0705+0612ismorethantwo billionyearsold,meaningthediskis unlikely to be leftover debris from thesystem’searlyplanetformation stage. So how did it form? Zakam- skaproposesthatitoriginatedafter two planets collided with each other in the outer reaches of this star’s planetary system, ejecting dust,rocks,anddebrisandforming themassivecloudnowseenpassing in front of the star. The discovery highlights how new technology enables new insights into the Universe. GHOST has o- pened a new window into studying hidden phenomena in distant star systems, and the findings provide valuable clues about the long-term evolution of planetary systems and how disks can form around old stars. “Thiseventshowsusthateven in mature planetary systems, dra- matic, large-scale collisions can still occur,” saysZakamska. “It’savivid reminder that the Universe is far from static — it’s an ongoing story ofcreation,destruction,andtrans- formation.”     MAY-JUNE2026 h ttps://noirlab.edu/public/videos/pachon_drone_10/ https://noirlab.edu/public/videos/pachon_drone_10/ 19 ﻣﺜﻞ ﻛﻮﻛﺐ أو ﻧﺠﻢ ﻣﻨﺨﻔﺾ اﻟﻜﺘﻠﺔ . ﻫﺬه ﻫﻲ ا ﺮة اﻷوﱃ اﻟﺘﻲ ﻳﻘـﻴﺲ ﻓﻴﻬـﺎ ﻋﻠﻤـﺎء اﻟﻔﻠـﻚ ﺣﺮﻛﺎت اﻟﻐﺎز ا ﻟﺪاﺧﻠﻴﺔ ﻟﻘـﺮص ﻳـﺪور ﺣـﻮل ﺟﺴﻢ ﺛﺎﻧﻮي ﻣﺜﻞ ﻛﻮﻛﺐ أو ﻧﺠـﻢ ﻣـﻨﺨﻔﺾ اﻟﻜﺘﻠﺔ . ﺗُﻈﻬﺮ ا ﻼﺣﻈـﺎت ﺑ ﻴﺌـﺔ دﻳﻨﺎﻣﻴﻜ ﻴـﺔ ﺗﺘﺨﻠﻠﻬﺎ رﻳﺎح ﻣﻦ ﻏﺎزات ﻣﻌﺪﻧﻴﺔ ﺑﻤﺎ ﰲ ذﻟـﻚ اﻟﺤﺪﻳﺪ واﻟﻜﺎﻟﺴﻴﻮم . ﺗﻘﻮل زاﻛﺎﻣﺴﻜﺎ " : ﺳـﻤﺤﺖ ﻟﻨـﺎ ﺣﺴﺎﺳـﻴﺔ ﻣﻄﻴﺎف ﻏﻮﺳﺖ ﻟﻴ ﺲ ﻓﻘﻂ ﺑﺮﺻـﺪ اﻟﻐـﺎز ﰲ ﻫﺬه اﻟﺴﺤﺎﺑﺔ ﺑـﻞ ﺑﻘﻴـﺎس ﻛﻴﻔﻴـﺔ ﺗﺤﺮﻛـﻪ ". " ﻓﻌﻠﻴًﺎ ﻫﺬا ﳾء ﻟﻢ ﻧﺘﻤﻜﻦ ﻣﻦ ﻓﻌﻠـﻪ ﻣـﻦ ﻗﺒﻞ ﰲ ﻧﻈﺎم ﻛﻬﺬا ." ﻳﺸـ ﻛـﺮﻳﺲ دﻳﻔـﻴﺲ ﻣﺪﻳﺮ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﺞ ﻣﺆﺳﺴﺔ اﻟﻌﻠﻮم اﻟﻮﻃﻨﻴﺔ ﺨﺘﱪ ﻧﻮﻳﺮﻻب إﱃ أن " ﻫﺬه اﻟﺪراﺳﺔ ﺗُﻮﺿﺢ اﻟﻘـﻮة اﻟﻬﺎﺋﻠﺔ ﻄﻴﺎف ﻏﻮﺳﺖ أﺣﺪث أﺟﻬﺰة ﻣﺮﺻـﺪ ﺟﻴﻤﻴﻨﻲ، وﺗُﺴﻠﻂ اﻟﻀﻮء أﻳﻀًـﺎ ﻋـﲆ إﺣـﺪى ﺟﻴﻤﻴﻨﻲ وﺗُﺴﻠﻂ اﻟﻀـﻮء أﻳﻀًـﺎ ﻋـﲆ إﺣـﺪى ﻧﻘﺎط ﻗﻮة ﻣﺮﺻﺪ ﺟﻴﻤﻴﻨـﻲ اﻟﻌﻈﻴﻤـﺔ وﻫـﻲ اﻻﺳﺘﺠﺎﺑﺔ اﻟﴪﻳﻌﺔ ﻟﻸﺣﺪاث اﻟﻌﺎﺑﺮة ﻣﺜﻞ ﻫﺬا اﻻﺣﺘﺠﺎب ." ﺗُﻈﻬﺮ اﻟﻘﻴﺎﺳﺎت اﻟﺪﻗﻴﻘﺔ ﻟﴪﻋﺔ واﺗﺠﺎه اﻟﺮﻳﺎح أن اﻟﺴـﺤﺎﺑﺔ ﺗﺘﺤـﺮك ﺑﺸـﻜﻞ ﻣﻨﻔﺼﻞ ﻋﻦ ﻧﺠﻤﻬﺎ ا ﻀﻴﻒ . ﻫﺬا ﺑﺎﻹﺿـﺎﻓﺔ إﱃ ﻣـﺪة اﻻﺣﺘﺠـﺎب ﺗ ﺆﻛـﺪ أن اﻟﺠ ﺮم ا ﺤﺘﺠﺐ ﻋﺒﺎرة ﻋﻦ ﻗﺮص ﻳﺪور ﺣـ ﻮل ﺟﺴﻢ ﺛﺎﻧﻮي وأﻧﻪ ﻳﺪور ﰲ اﻷﻃﺮا ف اﻟﺨﺎرﺟﻴﺔ ﻟﻨﻈﺎم ﻧﺠﻤﻪ ا ﻀﻴﻒ . ﻳﻈﻬﺮ ا ﺼﺪر ﻓﺎﺋﻀ ﺎً ﰲ اﻷﺷﻌﺔ ﺗﺤﺖ اﻟﺤﻤﺮاء واﻟﺬي ﻳﺮﺗﺒﻂ ﻋﺎدةً ﺑﺎﻷﻗﺮاص ﺣـﻮل اﻟﻨﺠـﻮم اﻟﻔﺘﻴﺔ . وﻣﻊ ذﻟﻚ ﻓـﺈن ﻋﻤـﺮ J0705+0612 ﻳﺰﻳﺪ ﻋﻦ ﻣﻠﻴﺎري ﺳﻨﺔ ﻣﻤﺎ ﻳﻌﻨﻲ أن اﻟﻘـﺮص ﻣﻦ ﻏ ا ﺮﺟﺢ أن ﻳﻜﻮن ﺑﻘﺎﻳﺎ ﻣـﻦ ﻣﺮﺣﻠـﺔ ﺗﻜﻮﻳﻦ اﻟﻜﻮاﻛﺐ ا ﺒﻜﺮة ﻟﻠﻨﻈﺎم . ﻓﻜﻴﻒ ﺗﺸﻜﻞ إذن؟ ﺗﻘﱰح زاﻛﺎﻣﺴﻜﺎ أﻧﻪ ﻧﺸﺄ ﺑﻌﺪ اﺻﻄﺪام ﻛﻮﻛﺒ ﺑﺒﻌﻀـﻬﻤﺎ اﻟـﺒﻌﺾ ﰲ ا ﻷﻃﺮاف اﻟﺨﺎرﺟﻴﺔ ﻟﻨﻈﺎم ﻫﺬا اﻟﻨﺠﻢ ﻣﻤﺎ أدى إﱃ ﻗﺬف اﻟﻐﺒﺎر واﻟﺼﺨﻮر واﻟﺤﻄﺎم وﺗﺸﻜﻴﻞ اﻟﺴﺤﺎﺑﺔ اﻟﻀﺨﻤﺔ اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗُﺮى اﻵن وﻫـﻲ ﺗﻤـﺮ أﻣﺎم اﻟﻨﺠﻢ . ﻳُﺴﻠﻂ ﻫﺬا اﻻﻛﺘﺸﺎف اﻟﻀﻮء ﻋﲆ ﻛﻴﻒ ﺗُﺘﻴﺢ اﻟﺘﻜﻨﻮﻟﻮﺟﻴﺎ اﻟﺤﺪﻳﺜﺔ رؤى ﺟﺪﻳـﺪة ﺣﻮل اﻟﻜﻮن . ﻟﻘـﺪ ﻓـﺘﺢ ﻣـ ﴩوع ـ ﻣﻄﻴـﺎف ﻏﻮﺳـﺖ ﻧﺎﻓـﺬة ﺟﺪﻳـﺪة ﻟﺪراﺳـﺔ اﻟﻈـﻮاﻫﺮ اﻟﺨﻔﻴﺔ ﰲ اﻷﻧﻈﻤﺔ اﻟﻨﺠﻤﻴﺔ اﻟﺒﻌﻴـﺪة وﺗـﻮﻓﺮ اﻟﻨﺘﺎﺋﺞ أدﻟﺔ ﻗﻴّﻤﺔ ﺣﻮل اﻟﺘﻄﻮر ﻃﻮﻳﻞ اﻷﻣـﺪ ﻟﻸﻧﻈﻤﺔ اﻟﻜﻮﻛﺒﻴﺔ وﻛﻴﻒ ﺗﺘﺸـﻜﻞ اﻷﻗـﺮاص ﺣﻮل اﻟﻨﺠﻮم اﻟﻘﺪﻳﻤﺔ اﻟﻌﺘﻴﻘﺔ . ﻳﺴﻠّﻂ ﻫﺬا اﻻﻛﺘﺸﺎف اﻟﻀﻮء ﻋﲆ أن اﻟﻌﻤﻠﻴﺎت اﻟﺪﻳﻨﺎﻣﻴﻜﻴﺔ ﻻ ﺗﻘﺘﴫ ﻋﲆ اﻟﻨﺠـﻮم اﻟﺸـﺎﺑﺔ ﻓﻘﻂ، ﺑﻞ ﻳﻤﻜﻦ أن ﺗﺤـﺪث ﺗﻐﻴـ ات ﻛﺒـ ة ﺣﺘﻰ ﰲ اﻷﻧﻈﻤﺔ اﻟﻨﺎﺿﺠﺔ . اﻻﺻﻄﺪاﻣﺎت ﺑ اﻟﻜﻮاﻛ ﺐ أو اﻷﺟﺴﺎم اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻮﻳﺔ ﻳﻤﻜﻦ أن ﺗ ﻠﻖ ﻄ ﻛﻤﻴﺎت ﻫﺎﺋﻠﺔ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻐﺒﺎر واﻟﻐﺎز ﻣﻜﻮّﻧﺔ ﺳﺤﺒ ﺎً ﺿﺨﻤﺔ ﺗﺘﺤﺮك ﺑﺸﻜﻞ ﻣﺴـﺘﻘﻞ وﺗـﺆﺛﺮ ﻋـﲆ اﻟﺒﻴﺌﺔ ا ﺤﻴﻄﺔ . دراﺳﺔ ﻫﺬه اﻟﻈـﻮاﻫﺮ ﺗـﻮﻓﺮ ﻣﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎت ﻣﻬﻤﺔ ﻋﻦ ﻧﺸـﻮء اﻷﻗـﺮاصﺣـﻮل اﻟﻨﺠﻮم اﻟﻘﺪﻳﻤﺔ وﺗﻜﻮ ﻳﻦ ا ﻌﺎدن ﰲ اﻟﻐـﺎزات وﺣﺮﻛﺔ اﻟﺮﻳﺎح اﻟﻔﻀﺎﺋﻴﺔ ﻣﺎ ﻳﺴﺎﻋﺪ ﻋﲆ ﻓﻬﻢ أﻓﻀﻞ ﻟﺘﺎرﻳﺦ اﻟﻨﻈﺎم اﻟﻨﺠﻤﻲ وﻛﻴﻔﻴﺔ ﺗﻔﺎﻋﻠﻪ ﻣﻊ اﻷﺟﺮام ا ﺤﻴﻄـﺔ و ﻛﻴـﻒ ﻳﻤﻜـﻦ ﻟﻠﻤـﻮاد اﻟﻨﺎﺗﺠ ـﺔ ﻋــﻦ اﻻﺻـﻄﺪاﻣﺎت أن ﺗﺴـﺎﻫﻢ ﰲ ﺗﻜـﻮﻳﻦ أﻗـﺮاص ﺛﺎﻧﻮﻳـﺔ ﺣـﻮل اﻟﻜﻮاﻛـﺐ أو اﻷﺟﺴﺎم اﻟﻨﺠﻤﻴﺔ ﻣﺎ ﻳﻘـﺪم ﻧﻤﻮذﺟـ ﺎ ﻟﻔﻬـﻢ ﺗﻄﻮر اﻷﻧﻈﻤﺔ اﻟ . ﻜﻮﻛﺒﻴﺔ ﺗﻘﻮل زاﻛﺎﻣﺴﻜﺎ ﻳ : " ﻈﻬﺮ ﻟﻨﺎ ﻫﺬا اﻟﺤﺪث أﻧﻪ ﺣﺘﻰ ﰲ اﻷﻧﻈﻤﺔ اﻟﻜﻮﻛﺒﻴﺔ اﻟﻨﺎﺿـﺠﺔ ﻻ ﺗـﺰال اﻟﺘﺼﺎدﻣﺎت اﻟﺪراﻣﻴﺔ واﺳﻌﺔ اﻟﻨ ﻄـﺎق ﻗـﺎدرة ﻋﲆ اﻟﺤﺪوث . إﻧﻪ ﺗﺬﻛ واﺿـﺢ ﺑـﺄن اﻟﻜـﻮن ﺑﻌﻴﺪ ﻛـﻞ اﻟﺒﻌـﺪ ﻋـﻦ اﻟﺴـﻜﻮن ﻓﻬـﻮ ﻗﺼـﺔ ﻣﺴﺘﻤﺮة ﻟﻠﺨﻠﻖ واﻟﺪﻣﺎر واﻟﺘﺤﻮل ." ." ﻟﻘﻄـــــــﺎت ـــــــﺔ ﺗﻈﻬــــــــﺮ ﺟﻮ ﺗﻠﺴـــــــ ﻮب ــــــــ ﺟ ﻤ ﺳـــﺎوث وﻫـــﻮ ﺟـــﺰء ﻣـــﻦ اﻟــــ ـــ ﻣﺮﺻـــﺪ ﺟ ﻤ ﺪوﻟﻲ اﻟـــــﺬ ـــــ ﺪﻳﺮﻩ ﻣﺨﺘـــــ ﻧـــــﻮﻳﺮﻻب اﻟﺘـــــﺎﺑﻊ ﻟ ﻤﺆﺳﺴـــــﺔ ــــــﺔ اﻟﻌﻠــــــﻮم اﻟﻮﻃﻨ وﻣﺮﺻــــــﺪ ﻓــــــ ا ﺳــــــﻲ . روﺑــــــ اﻟ ﻌ ﺪ اﻟﻮاﻗﻊ ﻓﻲﺳ و ﺎﺗﺸﻮن ﺗﺸ ﻠﻲ . [NOIRLab/NSF/AURA/T. Matsopoulos] - ﻣﺎﻳﻮ ﻳﻮﻧﻴﻮ 2 0 2 6