Free Astronomy Magazine November-December 2026 ARABIC VERSION

F Far-out Solar System objects ‘remember’ past byNASA/ESA/CSA Claire Andreoli Ann Jenkins ChristinePulliam or the first time, scientists used the joint power of NASA’s Hub- bleandJamesWebbSpaceTel- escopes to study some of the most far-flungbodiesinoursolarsystem, Trans-Neptunian Objects (TNOs). Some of these are the smallest and faintest ever directly seen. The re- searchers unexpectedly found fewer small TNOs than they expected, and that the colors of these bodies fol- lowed the same relationships astheir larger family members. These objects are typically small, faint, icy bodies orbiting the Sun be- yondtheorbitofNeptune.Mostare morethan100milliontimesdimmer than objects visible to the unaided eye.Intwocomplementarypapers publishedin TheAstronomicalJour- nal ,teamsanalyzedthecolor,com- position,andsizedistributionof27 newly discovered tiny, dim TNOs. Thisclassofsmallbodiesoffersthe best view into an early stage of planet-building,whenadiskofdust andpebblesinorbitaroundtheSun coalesced into city-sized “planetesi- mals” — the solid building blocks thatclumptogethertoformplanets —buthadnotyetmergedintofull- sizedworlds.BeyondNeptune,this secondstageneverhappened,leav- ing behind a frozen population of planetesimals. InthedeepestTNOsurveytodate, teams led by PhD candidates from theUniversityofVictoriainCanada, undertheguidanceoftheNational Research Council of Canada, and Northern Arizona University in Flagstaffexaminedapatchofskysi- multaneously with Hubble, observ- ing the TNOs’ visible light, and Webb,observingtheirinfraredlight. NOVEMBER-DECEMBER2026 ﻣﺠﻠﺔ FreeAstronomy ﺎﻟﻌﺮ ﺔ 50 أﺟﺮام ﻌ ﺪة ﻓﻲاﻟﻨﻈﺎم اﻟﺸﻤﺴﻲ ﺗﺘﺬﻛﺮ » ﻣﺎﺿﻴﻬﺎ « : ﻘﻠﻢ ﻠ أﻧﺪر ﻮﻟﻲ و آن ﺟ ﻨﻜ و ﺑﻮﻟ ﺎم ﻛﺮﺴﺘ و ﺎﻟﺔ ﻧﺎﺳﺎ / و ﺎﻟﺔ اﻟﻔﻀﺎء اﻷوروﺑ ﺔ / و ﺎﻟﺔ اﻟﻔﻀﺎء ا ﻟﻜﻨﺪ ﺔ ﻟﻠﻤــﺮة اﻷوﱃ اﺳــﺘﺨﺪم اﻟﻌﻠﻤــﺎء اﻟﻘــﺪرات ا ﺸﱰﻛﺔ ﻟﺘﻠﺴﻜﻮﺑﻲ ﻫﺎﺑـﻞ وﺟـﻴﻤﺲ وﻳـﺐ اﻟﻔﻀﺎﺋﻴ اﻟﺘﺎﺑﻌ ﻟﻮﻛﺎﻟـﺔ ﻧﺎﺳـﺎ ﻟﺪراﺳـﺔ ﺑﻌﺾ أﺑﻌـﺪ اﻷﺟـﺮام ﰲ ﻧﻈﺎﻣﻨـﺎ اﻟﺸـ ﻤﴘـ وا ﻌﺮو ﻓﺔ ﺑﺎﺳﻢ اﻷﺟﺮام اﻟﻌﺎﺑﺮة ﻟﻨﺒﺘﻮن وﻳ ﻌﺪ ﺑﻌﺾ ﻫﺬه اﻷﺟﺮام ﻣﻦ أﺻﻐﺮ وأﺧﻔﺖ اﻷﺟﺮام اﻟﺘﻲ رُﺻﺪت ﻣﺒﺎﴍة ﻋﲆ اﻹ . ﻃﻼق وﻗﺪ اﻛﺘﺸﻒ اﻟﺒﺎﺣﺜﻮن ﺑﺼﻮرة ﻏ ﻣﺘﻮﻗﻌـﺔ وﺟﻮد ﻋﺪد أﻗﻞ ﻣﻦ اﻷﺟﺮام اﻟﻌـﺎﺑﺮة ﻟﻨﺒﺘـﻮن اﻟﺼـﻐ ة ﻣﻘ ﺎرﻧ ـﺔ ﺑﻤ ـﺎ ﻛﺎﻧ ـﺖ ﺗﺘﻨﺒ ـﺄ ﺑــﻪ ﺗﻮﻗﻌﺎﺗﻬﻢ ﻛﻤﺎ وﺟﺪوا أن أﻟﻮان ﻫﺬه اﻷﺟـﺮام ﺗﺘﺒﻊ اﻟﻌﻼﻗﺎت ﻧﻔﺴﻬﺎ اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﻈﻬﺮ ﻟﺪى أﻓـﺮاد ﻋﺎﺋﻠﺘﻬﺎ اﻷﻛﱪ ﺣﺠﻤﺎً . اﻷﺟﺮام اﻟﻌﺎﺑﺮة ﻟﻨﺒﺘﻮن ﻫﻲ ﻋﺎدة أﺟﺮام ﺻـ ﻐ ة وﺧﺎﻓﺘـﺔ وﺟﻠﻴﺪﻳـﺔ ﺗﺪور ﺣﻮل اﻟﺸﻤﺲ ﺧﺎرج ﻣﺪار ﻧﺒﺘﻮن وﻳﺰﻳﺪ ﺧﻔﻮت ﻣﻌﻈﻤﻬﺎ ﺑﺄﻛﺜﺮ ﻣﻦ 100 ﻣﻠﻴﻮن ﻣـﺮة ـــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــ ﻋـﻦ اﻷﺟـﺮام اﻟﺘـﻲ ﻳﻤﻜـﻦ رؤﻳﺘﻬـﺎ ﺑـﺎﻟﻌ ا ﺠـﺮدة . وﰲ ورﻗﺘـ ﺑﺤﺜﻴﺘـ ﻣﺘﻜـﺎﻣﻠﺘ ﻧُﴩﺗﺎ ﰲ ا ﺠﻠﺔ اﻟﻔﻠﻜﻴﺔ ﺣﻠﻠﺖ ﻓـﺮق ﺑﺤﺜﻴـﺔ أﻟﻮان وﺗﺮﻛﻴـﺐ وﺗﻮزﻳـﻊ أﺣﺠـﺎم 27 ﺟﺮﻣـﺎً ﺻﻐ اً وﺧﺎﻓﺘﺎً ﺟ ﺪﻳﺪاً ﻣـﻦ اﻷﺟـﺮام اﻟﻌـﺎﺑﺮة ﻟﻨﺒﺘـﻮن وﺗــﻮﻓﺮ ﻫـﺬه اﻟﻔﺌـﺔ ﻣـﻦ اﻷﺟــﺮام اﻟﺼﻐ ة أﻓﻀﻞ ﻧﺎﻓﺬة ﻣﺘﺎﺣﺔ ﻟﺪر اﺳﺔ ﻣﺮﺣﻠﺔ ﻣﺒﻜﺮة ﻣﻦ ﺑﻨـﺎء اﻟﻜﻮاﻛـﺐ ﻋﻨـﺪﻣﺎ ﺗﺠﻤﻌـﺖ أﻗﺮاص اﻟﻐﺒﺎر وا ﻟﺤﴡ اﻟﺘﻲ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﺗﺪور ﺣﻮل اﻟﺸﻤﺲ ﻟﺘﻜﻮﻳﻦ أﺟﺴﺎم ﺻﻠﺒﺔ ﺑﺤﺠﻢ ا ـﺪن ﺗ ﻌـــﺮف ﺑﺎﺳـــﻢ اﻟﻜﻮﻳﻜﺒـــﺎت اﻻوﻟﻴـــﺔ ـــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــ وﻫﻲ اﻟﻠﺒﻨﺎت اﻟﺼﻠﺒﺔ اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﺘﻜﺘﻞ ﻣﻌﺎً ﻟﺘﺸﻜﻴﻞ اﻟﻜﻮاﻛﺐ ﻟﻜﻨﻬﺎ ﻟﻢ ﺗﻜـﻦ ﻗـﺪ اﻧـﺪﻣﺠﺖ ﺑﻌـﺪ ﻟﺘﻜﻮﻳﻦ ﻋﻮاﻟﻢ ﻣﻜﺘﻤﻠﺔ اﻟﺤﺠﻢ . أﻣﺎ ﺧﻠﻒ ﻧﺒﺘﻮن ﻓﻠـﻢ ﺗﺤـﺪث ﻫـﺬه ا ﺮﺣﻠـ ﺔ اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴـﺔ ﻣـﻦ ﻋﻤﻠﻴـﺔ ﺑﻨـﺎ ء اﻟﻜﻮاﻛـﺐ ﺗﺎرﻛـﺔً وراءﻫﺎ ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ ﻣﺘﺠﻤﺪة ﻣـﻦ اﻟﻜﻮﻳﻜﺒـﺎت اﻷ وﻟﻴـﺔ وﰲ أﻋﻤـﻖ ﻣﺴـﺢ ﻟﻸﺟـﺮا م اﻟﻌـﺎﺑﺮة ﻟﻨﺒﺘﻮن ﺣﺘﻰ اﻵن درﺳﺖ ﻓﺮق ﻳﻘﻮدﻫﺎ ﻃﻠﺒـﺔ دﻛ ﺘﻮراه ﻣﻦ ﺟﺎﻣﻌﺔ ﻓﻴﻜﺘﻮرﻳﺎ ﰲ ﻛﻨﺪا ﺗﺤـﺖ إﴍ اف ا ﺠﻠـﺲ اﻟــﻮﻃﻨﻲ ﻟﻠﺒﺤــﻮث ﰲ ﻛﻨـﺪا وﺟﺎﻣﻌﺔ ﺷﻤﺎل أرﻳﺰوﻧﺎ ﰲ ﻓﻼﻏﺴﺘﺎف ﻣﻨﻄﻘﺔ ــــــــــــــــــــ ـــــــــــــــــ ﻈﻬــﺮ ﻫـــﺬا اﻟﺘﺼـــﻮراﻟــــﺨ ﺎﻟﻲ " ﺟﺮﻣـــﺎً وراء ﻧ ﺘـــﻮن " ـــﺪور ـــﺪ وﻫـــﻮ ﺟـــﺮم ﺳـــﻤﺎويﺻـــﻐ وﺧﺎﻓـــﺖوﺟﻠ ﺣـــﻮل اﻟﺸﻤﺲﺧﺎرج ﻣﺪار ﻮﻛﺐ ﻧ ﺘﻮن وﻧﻈﺮاً ﻷن ﻫﺬﻩ اﻷﺟﺮامﻏﺎﻟ ﺎً ﻣﺎ ﺗ ﻮن أﻗﻞ ﺳﻄﻮﻋﺎً ﺄﻛ ﻣـﻦ 100 ﻣﻠﻴـﻮن ﻣـﺮة اﻟﻤﺠــﺮدة ــﺎﻟﻌ ﺗــﺮى ﻣــﻦ اﻷﺟــﺮام اﻟــ ــﺔ ﻟﺪرﺟــﺔ ﻓﺈﻧﻬــﺎ ﺻــﻐ ة ﻟﻠﻐﺎ أﻧﻬــﺎ ﻻ ﺗﻈﻬــﺮ ﻋﻨــﺪ رﺻــﺪﻫﺎ ﺑﻮاﺳــﻄﺔ ﺣــ ﺗﻠﺴ ﻮﺑﻲ " و ﺐ"و" ﻫﺎﺑﻞ " ﻟﻮ ﺎﻟﺔ ﻧﺎﺳﺎ اﻟﺘﺎ ﻌ اﻟﻔﻀﺎﺋﻴ - إﻻ ﻛﻨﻘﺎطﺿﻮﺋ ﺔ ﻣﺘﻨﺎﻫ ﺔ اﻟﺼﻐﺮ . ﻧﻮﻓﻤﺒﺮ - ﺩﻳﺴﻤﺒﺮ 2 0 2 6