Free Astronomy Magazine November-December 2026 ARABIC VERSION

galaxy,toahigherredshifttofindout how it would appear if it was in the early universe. Its compact red ap-pearance suggests that little red dots are a phase of highly active super-massive black holes. [NASA, ESA, CSA, Pierluigi Rinaldi (Steward Observa-tory); Image Processing: Alyssa Pagan (STScI);Illustration:LeahHustak(STScI)] S Saguaro,alower-redshift spiral cientistssyntheticallyshiftedthe —beingatlowerredshift.Togetas broadaviewofthespiralgalaxyas possibleacrosstheelectromagnetic spectrum, the team used Hubble’s ultraviolet- and Webb’s infrared- imaging and spectroscopic archival data, respectively. “Because the Saguaro is at lower redshift, we can see the very beau- tiful and bright host galaxy in high resolution and detail with Webband Hubble,” said Zihao Wu of the Harvard-Smithsonian Center for As- trophysics, and a co-author of the study. “Webb’s observations can help us understand how the galaxy anditslittlereddot-likenucleusare connected.” Theteamtookmultipleapproaches to verify that the Saguaro’s compact rednucleusmatchedthecharacter- istics of a prototypical LRD. In par- ticular, the Hubble and Webb data showedthatthenucleusisbrighter in both ultraviolet and infrared light than in visible light, just like distant LRDs. The team also care- fullydisentangledthelightemitted fromthehostandnucleus,andcon- sideredthepresenceofX-rayemis- sion from the source. Although the majority of little red dotsathighredshiftarenotde- tectable in X-ray light, NASA’s Chan- dra X-ray Observatory detected weak X-ray emission from the Saguaro. “What the X-ray light observations showisthatthisgalaxyhasanactive galactic nucleus, and a very ob- scured one at that,” said Carys Gilbert, a Master’s student at the University of Cape Town in South Africa and a co-author of the paper. “It’s not only obscured but also X- ray weak. That kind of combination couldexplainthelackofX-rayemis- sionthatweseefromallotherlittle red dots. It fits the puzzle of little red dots nicely.” In addition to demonstrating howthe Saguaro’s central compact red sourcefitsthelittlereddotcriteria, the team synthetically shifted the galaxytoahigherredshifttoexplore howthisgalacticenvironmentwould appeartoobserversiflocatedin the early universe. As expected, the Saguaro’ssurroundinggalacticstruc- ture fades so that only the bright, LRD-likesourceatitscenterisvisible. “Our theory is that most of these distant sources are affected by this cosmological effect, creating an ob- servational bias,” said Rinaldi. “We simplyarenotabletosamplethe immediate environment of high- redshiftlittlereddotsbecausetheir surroundingsarejusttoofainttobe observedevenwithWebb.Littlered dots are far more complex than just beingadot.They’rejustthetipof the iceberg — of a supermassive black hole interacting with its nearby surroundings.” ConsideringtheSaguarocasestudy, theteambelievesthatLRDsmaynot be a unique galaxy population, but insteadatemporaryphaseofhighly active supermassive black holes. Could this theory be the link be- tween the populous high-redshift littlereddotsseenbyWebbandthe localuniverse? WhiletheSaguaroisnotrepresenta- tive of all LRDs, the team proposes thatthisisonephaseofthesecom- pactredsources.Tobuildmorecon- fidence,furtherstudyoftheSaguaro isnecessary,aswellasseekingother Saguaro-like galaxies at lower red- shift.Theteamalsointendstocomb through Webb’s bountiful archival data to build a census of little red dots to study how their environ- mentsmayimpacthowtheymature. These different approaches are all gearedtohelpinguncoverthefam- ilytreeoflittlereddots.     NOVEMBER-DECEMBER2026 اﻟﻐﻮاﻟﻖ اﻟﺪﻗﻴﻘـﺔ ﰲ ﺗﻠﺴـﻜﻮب وﻳـﺐ ﻛﺎﻧـﺖ ﻣﻮﺟﻬــﺔ ﺑﺪﻗـﺔ ﻓـﻮق ﻗﻠــﺐ ا ﺠــﺮة ﻟﺠﻤـﻊ اﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎت اﻟﻄﻴﻔﻴﺔ، ﻛﻤﺎ أن ا ﺠﺮة ﺗﻘـﻊ ﻋﻨـﺪ اﻧﺰﻳﺎح أﺣﻤﺮ ﻣﻨﺨﻔﺾ ﻧﺴﺒﻴ . ﺎً وﻟﻠﺤﺼﻮل ﻋﲆ ﺻﻮرة ﺷﺎﻣﻠﺔ ﻗـﺪر اﻹﻣﻜـﺎن ﻟﻠﻤﺠـــﺮة اﻟﺤ ﻠﺰوﻧﻴـــﺔ ﻋـــﱪ اﻟﻄﻴـــﻒ اﻟﻜﻬﺮوﻣ ﻐﻨﺎﻃﻴﴘ ا ﺳﺘﺨﺪم اﻟﻔﺮﻳـﻖ ﺑﻴﺎﻧـﺎت أرﺷﻴﻔﻴﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺗﻠﺴﻜﻮب ﰲ ﻫﺎﺑﻞ ﻧﻄﺎق اﻷﺷﻌﺔ ﻓﻮق اﻟﺒﻨﻔﺴـﺠﻴﺔ وﻣـﻦ ﺗﻠﺴـﻜﻮب وﻳـﺐ ﰲ ﻧﻄــﺎق اﻷﺷـﻌﺔ ﺗﺤـﺖ اﻟﺤﻤـﺮاء إﱃ ﺟﺎﻧـﺐ اﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎت اﻟﻄﻴﻔﻴﺔ . ﻗﺎل زﻳـﺎو وو ﻣـﻦ ﻣﺮﻛـﺰ ﻫﺎرﻓـﺎرد ﺳﻤﻴﺜﺴـﻮﻧﻴﺎن ﻟﻠﻔﻴﺰﻳـﺎء اﻟﻔﻠﻜﻴـﺔ وا ﺆﻟﻒ ا ﺸﺎرك ﰲ اﻟﺪراﺳﺔ :» ﻷن ﺳـﺎ ﻏﻮارو ﺗﻘﻊ ﻋﻨﺪ ا ﻧﺰﻳﺎح أﺣﻤﺮ ﻣﻨﺨﻔﺾ ﻳﻤﻜﻨﻨﺎ رؤﻳﺔ ا ﺠﺮة ا ﻀﻴﻔﺔ اﻟﺴﺎﻃﻌﺔ واﻟﺠﻤﻴﻠﺔ ﺑﺘﻔﺎﺻﻴﻞ ودﻗﺔ ﻋﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪام ﺗﻠﺴﻜﻮﺑﻲ وﻳﺐ وﻫﺎﺑﻞ وﻳﻤﻜﻦ ﻷرﺻﺎد ﺗﻠﺴﻜﻮب وﻳـﺐ أن ﺗﺴـﺎﻋﺪﻧﺎ ﻋﲆ ﻓﻬﻢ اﻟﺼﻠﺔ ﺑـ ا ﺠـﺮة وﻧﻮاﺗﻬـﺎ اﻟﺘـﻲ ﺗﺸﺒﻪ اﻟﻨﻘﺎط اﻟﺤﻤﺮاء اﻟﺼﻐ ة « . واﺗﺒﻊ اﻟﻔﺮﻳﻖ ﻋـﺪة أﺳـﺎﻟﻴﺐ ﻟﻠﺘﺄﻛـﺪ ﻣـﻦ أن ا ﺼﺪر ا ﻷﺣﻤـﺮ ا ـﺪﻣﺞ ﰲ ﻣﺮﻛـﺰ ﺳـﺎﻏﻮارو ﻳﺘﻮاﻓﻖ ﻣﻊ ﺧﺼﺎﺋﺺ اﻟﻨﻤﻮذج اﻷوﱄ ﻟﻠﻨﻘـﺎط اﻟﺤﻤﺮاء اﻟﺼﻐ ة . وأﻇﻬـﺮت ﺑﻴﺎﻧـﺎ ت ﻫﺎﺑـﻞ ووﻳﺐ أن اﻟﻨﻮاة أﻛﺜﺮ ﺳﻄﻮﻋ ﺎً ﰲ اﻷﺷﻌﺔ ﻓﻮق اﻟﺒﻨﻔﺴﺠﻴﺔ واﻷﺷﻌﺔ ﺗ ﺤﺖ اﻟﺤﻤﺮاء ﻣﻘﺎرﻧـﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﻀﻮء ا ﺮﺋﻲ ﺗﻤﺎﻣ ﺎً ﻛﻤـﺎ ﻫـﻮ اﻟﺤـﺎل ﻣـﻊ اﻟﻨﻘﺎط اﻟﺤﻤﺮاء اﻟﺼﻐ ة اﻟﺒﻌﻴﺪة ﻛﻤﺎ ﻓﺼـﻞ اﻟﻔﺮﻳﻖ ﺑﻌﻨﺎﻳﺔ اﻟﻀﻮء اﻟﺼـﺎدر ﻣـﻦ ا ﺠـﺮة ﻧﻮﻓﻤﺒﺮ - ﺩﻳﺴﻤﺒﺮ 2 0 2 6 ﻗﺎم اﻟﻌﻠﻤﺎء ﻨﻘﻞ ﻣﺠﺮة " " ﺳﺎﻏﻮارو وﻫﻲﻣﺠﺮة ﺣﻠﺰوﻧ ﺔ ذات اﻧﺰ ــﺎح أ ﻤـــﺮﻣــﻨﺨﻔﺾ - اﺻـــﻄﻨﺎ ﻋ ﺎً إﻟــﻰﻣﺴـــﺘﻮى اﻧﺰ ـــﺎح أ ﻤــﺮأﻋﻠــﻰ ــﻒﺳــﺘ ﺪو وذﻟــﻚ ﻟﻤﻌﺮﻓــﺔ ﻛ ﻟــﻮ ﺎﻧــﺖ ﻣﻮﺟــﻮدة ــﻮن اﻟﻤ ﻜــﺮ ﻓـﻲ اﻟ و ﺸــ ﻣﻈﻬﺮﻫـﺎ اﻷ ﻤــﺮاﻟﻤـﺪﻣﺞ إﻟــﻰ أن اﻟﻨﻘـــﺎط اﻟـــ ـ ﻤﺮاء اﻟﺼـــﻐ ة ﺗﻤﺜـــﻞ ﻣﺮﺣﻠـــﺔ ﻣـــﻦ ﻣﺮاﺣـــﻞ ﻧﺸــــﺎط اﻟﺜﻘﻮب اﻟﺴﻮداء ﻓﺎﺋﻘﺔ اﻟﻜﺘﻠﺔ اﻟﺸﺪ ﺪة اﻟﻨﺸﺎط [NASA, ESA, CSA,Pierluigi Rinaldi (Steward Observatory); Image Processing: Alyssa Pagan (STScI); Illustration: Leah Hustak (STScI)] ا ﻀﻴﻔﺔ ﻋﻦ اﻟﻀﻮء اﻟﺼﺎدر ﻣﻦ اﻟﻨ ﻮاة، وأﺧﺬ ﰲ اﻻﻋﺘﺒـﺎر وﺟـﻮد اﻧﺒﻌﺎﺛـﺎت ﻣـﻦ اﻷﺷـﻌﺔ اﻟﺴﻴﻨﻴﺔ . وﻋﲆ اﻟﺮﻏﻢ ﻣﻦ أن ﻣﻌﻈـﻢ اﻟﻨﻘـﺎط اﻟﺤﻤﺮاء اﻟﺼﻐ ة ﻋﻨﺪ اﻻﻧﺰﻳﺎﺣـﺎت اﻟﺤﻤـﺮاء اﻟﻌﺎﻟﻴــﺔ ﻻ ﻳﻤﻜــﻦ اﻛﺘﺸــﺎﻓﻬﺎ ﰲ اﻷﺷــﻌﺔ اﻟﺴـﻴﻨﻴﺔ، رﺻـﺪ ﻣﺮﺻـﺪ ﺷــﺎﻧﺪرا ﻟﻸ ﺷــﻌﺔ اﻟﺴﻴﻨﻴﺔ اﻟﺘﺎﺑﻊ ﻟﻨﺎﺳـﺎ اﻧﺒﻌﺎﺛـ ﺎً ﺎً ﺿـﻌﻴﻔ ﻣـﻦ اﻷﺷﻌﺔ اﻟﺴﻴﻨﻴﺔ ﺻﺎدر اً ﻣﻦ ﺳ ﺎﻏﻮارو . ﻗﺎﻟﺖ ﻛﺎرﻳﺲ ﻏﻴﻠـﱪت ﻃﺎﻟﺒـﺔ ﻣﺎﺟﺴـﺘ ﰲ ﺟﺎﻣﻌﺔ ﻛﻴﺐ ﺗﺎون ﺑﺠﻨﻮب أﻓﺮﻳﻘﻴﺎ وا ﺆﻟﻔـﺔ ا ﺸﺎرﻛﺔ ﰲ اﻟﺪراﺳﺔ :» ﺗﻈﻬﺮ أرﺻﺎد اﻷﺷـﻌﺔ اﻟﺴﻴﻨﻴﺔ أن ﻫﺬه ا ﺠـﺮة ﺗﺤﺘـﻮي ﻋـﲆ ﻧـﻮاة ﻣﺠﺮﻳ ﺔ ﻧﺸﻄﺔ وﻫﻲ ﻣﺤﺠﻮﺑﺔ ﺑﺪرﺟﺔ ﻛﺒـ ة ﻛ ﻤﺎ أﻧﻬﺎ ﺿﻌﻴﻔﺔ ﰲ اﻷﺷﻌﺔ اﻟﺴﻴﻨﻴﺔ وﻳﻤﻜـﻦ ﻟﻬﺬا ا ﺰﻳﺞ أن ﻳﻔﴪ ﻏﻴﺎب اﻧﺒﻌـﺎث اﻷﺷـﻌﺔ اﻟﺴﻴﻨﻴﺔ اﻟﺬي ﻧﺮاه ﰲ ﺟﻤﻴ ﻊ اﻟﻨﻘﺎط اﻟﺤﻤـﺮاء اﻟﺼﻐ ة اﻷﺧﺮى وﻫﺬا ﻳﺘﻮاﻓﻖ ﺑﺼﻮرة ﺟﻴـﺪة ﻣﻊ ﻟﻐﺰ اﻟﻨﻘﺎط اﻟﺤﻤﺮاء اﻟﺼﻐ ة «. وﻹﺛﺒﺎت ﻣﺪى ﺗﻮاﻓﻖ ا ﺼﺪر اﻷﺣﻤﺮ ا ﺪﻣﺞ ﰲ ﻣﺮﻛﺰ ﺳﺎﻏﻮارو ﻣ ﻊ ﻣﻌﺎﻳ اﻟﻨﻘﺎط اﻟﺤﻤـﺮاء اﻟﺼﻐ ة ﻗﺎم اﻟﻔﺮﻳﻖ أﻳﻀـ ﺎ ﺑﻤﺤﺎﻛـﺎة ﻧﻘـﻞ ا ﺠﺮة إﱃ اﻧﺰ ﻳﺎح أﺣﻤﺮ أﻋـﲆ ﻟﺪراﺳـﺔ ﻛﻴـﻒ ﺳﺘﺒﺪو ﻫﺬه اﻟﺒﻴﺌـﺔ ا ﺠﺮﻳـﺔ ﻟﻠﺮاﺻـﺪﻳﻦ ﻟـﻮ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﻣﻮﺟﻮدة ﰲ اﻟﻜﻮن ا ﺒﻜـﺮ وﻛﻤـﺎ ﻛـﺎن ﺎً ﻌـ ﻣﺘﻮﻗ ﻳـﺘﻼ ﳽ اﻟﻬﻴﻜـﻞ ا ﺤـﻴﻂ ﺑـﺎ ﺠﺮة ﺗﺪرﻳﺠﻴ ﺎً ﺑﺤﻴﺚ ﻻ ﻳﻌﻮد ﻇﺎﻫﺮ اً ﺳﻮى ا ﺼـﺪر اﻟﺴﺎﻃﻊ اﻟﺸﺒﻴﻪ ﺑﺎﻟﻨ ﻘﺎط اﻟﺤﻤﺮاء اﻟﺼـﻐ ة ﰲ ﻣﺮﻛﺰﻫﺎ . ﻗﺎل رﻳﻨﺎﻟﺪي :» ﻧﻈﺮﻳﺘﻨـﺎ ﻫـﻲ أن ﻣﻌﻈﻢ ﻫﺬه ا ﺼﺎدر اﻟ ﺒﻌﻴﺪة ﺗﺘﺄﺛﺮ ﺑﻬﺬا اﻟﺘﺄﺛ اﻟﻜﻮﻧﻲ ﻣﺎ ﻳﺆدي إﱃ اﻧﺤﻴﺎز رﺻـﺪي . ﻓـﻨﺤﻦ ﺑﺒﺴﺎﻃﺔ ﻻ ﻧﺴﺘﻄﻴﻊ رﺻـﺪ اﻟﺒﻴﺌـﺔ ا ﺒـﺎﴍة ا ﺤﻴﻄﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﻨﻘـﺎط اﻟﺤﻤـﺮاء اﻟﺼـﻐ ة ﻋﻨـﺪ اﻻﻧﺰﻳﺎﺣﺎت اﻟﺤﻤـﺮاء اﻟﻌﺎﻟﻴـﺔ ﻷن ﻣﺤﻴﻄﻬـﺎ ﺧﺎﻓـﺖ ﺟـﺪ ﻴـﺚ ﺑﺤ اً ﻳﺘﻌــﺬر رﺻـﺪه ﺣﺘـﻰ ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪام وﻳﺐ « وﺑﻨـﺎءً ﻋـﲆ دراﺳـﺔ ﺣﺎﻟـﺔ ﻣﺠﺮة رو ﺳـﺎﻏﻮا ﻳـﺮى اﻟﻔﺮﻳـﻖ أن اﻟﻨﻘـﺎط اﻟﺤﻤﺮاء اﻟﺼﻐ ة رﺑﻤﺎ ﺗﻜﻮن ﻣﺮﺣﻠﺔ ﻣﺆﻗﺘـﺔ ﺗﻤﺮ ﺑﻬﺎ اﻟﺜﻘﻮب اﻟ ﺴﻮداء ﻓﺎﺋﻘﺔ اﻟﻜﺘﻠﺔ ﺷﺪﻳﺪة اﻟﻨﺸﺎط وﻣﻊ أن ﻣﺠـﺮة ﺳـﺎﻏﻮارو ﻻ ﺗﻤﺜـﻞ ﺑﺎﻟﴬ ورة ﺟﻤﻴﻊ اﻟﻨﻘﺎط اﻟﺤﻤﺮاء اﻟﺼـﻐ ة ﻳﺮى اﻟﻔﺮﻳﻖ أﻧﻬﺎ ﻗـﺪ ﺗﻤﺜـﻞ إﺣـﺪى ﻣﺮاﺣـﻞ ﺗ ﻄﻮر ﻫﺬه ا ﺼﺎدر اﻟﺤﻤﺮاء ا ﺪﻣﺠـﺔ ﻟـﺬﻟﻚ ﺳﺘﻜﻮن ﻫﻨﺎك ﺣﺎﺟﺔ إﱃ ﻣﺰﻳـﺪ ﻣـﻦ دراﺳـﺔ ﻣﺠﺮة ﺳﺎﻏﻮارو إﱃ ﺟﺎﻧﺐ اﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﻋﻦ ﻣﺠﺮات ﺷﺒﻴﻬﺔ ﺑﻬﺎ ﻋﻨﺪ اﻧﺰﻳﺎﺣﺎت ﺣﻤﺮاء ﻣﻨﺨﻔﻀﺔ . ﻳﻌﺘﺰم اﻟﻔﺮﻳﻖ ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻞ اﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎت اﻷرﺷﻴﻔﻴﺔ اﻟﺘﻲ ﺟﻤﻌﻬﺎ ﺗﻠﺴﻜﻮب وﻳﺐ ﻟﺒﻨﺎء إﺣ ﺼـﺎء ﺷـﺎﻣﻞ ﻟﻠﻨﻘﺎط اﻟﺤﻤﺮاء ا ﻟﺼـﻐ ة ودراﺳـﺔ ﻛﻴﻔﻴـﺔ ﺗﺄﺛ ﺑﻴﺌﺎﺗﻬﺎ ا ﺤﻴﻄﺔ ﰲ ﺗﻄﻮرﻫﺎ ﻣﻊ ﻣـﺮور اﻟﺰﻣﻦ . ﺗﻬﺪف ﻫـﺬه اﻷﺳـﺎﻟﻴﺐ ﻣﺠﺘﻤﻌـﺔ إﱃ اﻟﻜﺸﻒ ﻋﻦ ﺷﺠﺮة اﻟﻌﺎﺋﻠﺔ اﻟﺘﻄﻮرﻳﺔ ﻟﻠﻨﻘﺎط اﻟﺤﻤﺮاء اﻟﺼﻐ ة وﻓﻬﻢ ﻣﺼ ﻫﺬه اﻷﺟـﺮام اﻟﻐﺎﻣﻀﺔ ﻣﻨﺬ ﻇﻬﻮرﻫﺎ ﰲ اﻟﻜﻮن ا ﺒﻜﺮ وﺣﺘﻰ أ ﺷﻜﺎﻟﻬﺎ ا ﺤﺘﻤﻠﺔ ﰲ اﻟﻜﻮن اﻟﺤﺎﱄ ﻣﻤﺎ ﻳﺴﺎﻋﺪ ﻋ ﲆ اﻟﻜﺸﻒ ﻋﻦ اﻟﺸـﺠﺮة اﻟﻌﺎﺋﻠﻴـﺔ ﻟﻠﻨﻘـﺎط اﻟﺤﻤﺮاء اﻟﺼﻐ ة .