Free Astronomy Magazine November-December 2026 ARABIC VERSION

Webb explores family tree of newly discovered distant objects byNASA/ESA/CSA Laura Betz Abigail Major HannahBraun ince their discovery by NASA’s James Webb Space Telescope in 2022, little red dots (LRDs) have beenthesubjectofgreatinterestto astronomers.Understandingthena- tureoftheseextremelydistant,com- pactredsourceshasbeenapuzzling scientificendeavor. One popular theory is that little red dots are supermassive black holes known as active galactic nuclei, al- though they display characteristics unlike nearby active galactic nuclei. While they appear abundant at high redshift early in the universe, they rapidlydecreaseinnumberatlower redshifts. (The higher the redshift, thegreaterthedistancethelighthas traveled across the universe.) This perplexingshiftinnumberraisesthe question:Whathappenstolittlered dots as the universe matures? A team of researchers led by Pier- luigi Rinaldi of the University of Ari- zona’s Steward Observatory, now at the Space Telescope Science Insti- tute (STScI) in Baltimore, has built upon their previous research in anew study published in The Astro- physical Journal and proposed one pathway LRDs can follow as the uni- verseages:Thoughtheymaylook like a unique galaxy population, thesedotsareaffectedbyobserva- tional bias — some features just don’t appear at higher redshifts with current technology. Their conclusions are based on their analysis of lower-redshift spiral galaxyWISEAJ123635.56+621424.2, nicknamed the “Saguaro” for its prominentarms,likethecactusna- tive to the Sonoran Desert in the SouthwesternUnitedStates.Apar- ticularly intriguing feature of this redshift2galaxy,whichcorresponds to approximately 3.3 billion years afterthebigbang,isitslittlered NOVEMBER-DECEMBER2026 ﻣﺠﻠﺔ FreeAstronomy ﺎﻟﻌﺮ ﺔ 38 « و ﺐ» ﺴﺘﻜﺸﻒﺷﺠﺮة ﻋﺎﺋﻠﺔ اﻷﺟﺮام اﻟ ـ ﻤﺮاء اﻟﺼﻐ ة : ﻘﻠﻢ وأﺑ ﻐﻴﻞ ﻣﻴﺠﻮر ﻟﻮرا ﺑ وﻫﺎﻧﺎ ﺑﺮاون و ﺎﻟﺔ ﻧﺎﺳﺎ وو ﺎﻟﺔ اﻟﻔﻀﺎء اﻷوروﺑ ﺔ وو ﺎﻟﺔ اﻟﻔﻀﺎء اﻟﻜﻨﺪ ﺔ ﻣﻨﺬ اﻛﺘﺸﺎﻓﻬﺎ ﺑﻮاﺳـﻄﺔ ﺗﻠﺴـﻜﻮب ﺟـﻴﻤﺲ وﻳﺐ اﻟﻔﻀﺎﺋﻲ اﻟﺘﺎﺑﻊ ﻟﻨﺎﺳﺎ ﻋﺎم 2022 أﺛﺎرت اﻟﻨﻘﺎط اﻟﺤﻤﺮاء اﻟﺼﻐ ة اﻫﺘﻤﺎﻣ ﺎً اً ﻛﺒ ﺑـ ﻋﻠﻤﺎء اﻟﻔﻠـﻚ وﻻ ﻳـﺰال ﻓﻬـﻢ ﻃﺒﻴﻌـﺔ ﻫـﺬه ا ﺼ ﺎدر اﻟﺤﻤﺮاء ا ﺪﻣﺠﺔ واﻟﺒﻌﻴﺪة ﺟﺪ ﻞ ﻳﻤﺜ اً اً ﻟﻐﺰ ﺎً ﻋﻠﻤﻴ وﺗﺸ إﺣﺪى اﻟﻨﻈﺮﻳﺎت ا ﻟﺮﺋﻴﺴﻴﺔ إﱃ أن اﻟﻨﻘﺎط اﻟﺤﻤﺮاء اﻟﺼﻐ ة ﻫـﻲ ﺛﻘـﻮب ﺳﻮداء ﻓﺎﺋﻘﺔ اﻟﻜﺘﻠﺔ ﻧﺸـﻄﺔ ﺗُﻌـﺮف ﺑﺎﺳـﻢ اﻟﻨﻮى ا ﺠﺮﻳـﺔ اﻟﻨﺸـﻄﺔ رﻏـﻢ أﻧﻬـﺎ ﺗ ﻈﻬـﺮ ﺧﺼﺎﺋﺺ ﺗﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﻋﻦ ا ﻟﻨﻮى ا ﺠﺮﻳﺔ اﻟﻨﺸﻄﺔ اﻟﻘﺮﻳﺒﺔ ﻣﻨﺎ وﺑﻴﻨﻤﺎ ﺗﺒﺪو ﻫﺬه اﻷﺟﺮام وﻓـ ة ﻋﻨﺪ اﻻﻧﺰﻳﺎﺣﺎت اﻟﺤﻤﺮاء اﻟﻌﺎﻟﻴﺔ أي ﰲ اﻟﻜﻮن ا ﺒﻜﺮ ﻓﺈن أﻋـﺪادﻫﺎ ﺗـﻨﺨﻔﺾﴎﻳﻌـ ﺎً ﻋﻨـﺪ اﻻﻧﺰﻳﺎﺣﺎت اﻟﺤﻤـﺮاء اﻷﻗـﻞ . وﻛﻠﻤـﺎ ارﺗﻔـﻊ اﻻﻧﺰﻳﺎح اﻷﺣﻤﺮ، ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ا ﺴﺎﻓﺔ اﻟﺘﻲ ﻗﻄﻌﻬـﺎ اﻻﻧﺰﻳﺎﺣـﺎت اﻟﺤﻤـﺮاء اﻷﻗـﻞ وﻛﻠﻤـﺎ ارﺗﻔـﻊ اﻻﻧﺰﻳﺎ ح اﻷﺣﻤﺮ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ا ﺴﺎﻓﺔ اﻟﺘـﻲ ﻗﻄﻌﻬـﺎ اﻟﻀﻮء ﻋﱪ اﻟﻜﻮن أﻛـﱪ وﻳﺜـ ﻫـﺬا اﻟﺘﻐـ ا ﺤ ﰲ أﻋﺪادﻫﺎ ﺳﺆاﻻً ﻣﻬﻤ : ﺎً ﻣـﺎذا ﻳﺤـﺪث ﻟﻠﻨﻘﺎط اﻟﺤﻤﺮاء اﻟﺼﻐ ة ﻣﻊ ﻧﻀﻮج اﻟﻜﻮن؟ ﻗﺎد ﻓﺮﻳﻖ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺒـﺎﺣﺜ ﺑﻘﻴـﺎدة ﺑ ﻟـﻮﻳﺠﻲ رﻳﻨﺎﻟﺪي ﻣﻦ ﻣﺮﺻﺪ ﺳﺘﻴﻮارد ﺑﺠﺎﻣﻌﺔ أرﻳﺰوﻧﺎ وﻫﻮ ﻳﻌﻤﻞ ﺣﺎﻟﻴ ﺎً ﰲ ﻣﻌﻬـﺪ ﻋﻠـﻮم ﺗﻠﺴـﻜﻮب اﻟﻔﻀﺎء ﰲ ﺑﺎﻟﺘﻴﻤﻮر دراﺳﺔ ﺟﺪﻳﺪة ﻧُﴩت ﰲ ﻣﺠﻠـﺔ رﺳـﺎﺋﻞ اﻟﻔﻴﺰﻳـﺎء اﻟﻔﻠﻜﻴـﺔ واﻗـﱰح اﻟﻔﺮﻳﻖ ﻣﺴﺎر اً ﻣﺤﺘﻤﻼً ﺎ ﻳﻤﻜـﻦ أن ﺗﺼـﺒﺢ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻫﺬه اﻷﺟﺮام ﻣـﻊ ﺗﻘـﺪم ﻋﻤـﺮ اﻟﻜـﻮن ورﻏﻢ أﻧﻬﺎ ﻗـﺪ ﺗﺒـﺪو ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋـﺔ ﻓﺮﻳـﺪة ﻣـﻦ ا ﺠﺮات ﻳﺮى اﻟﺒﺎﺣﺜﻮن ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ ﻓﺮﻳﺪة ﻣـﻦ ا ﺠﺮات، ﻳﺮى اﻟﺒـﺎﺣﺜﻮن أن ﻣﻈﻬـ ﺮ اﻟﻨﻘـﺎط ا ﺠﺮات ﻳﺮى اﻟﺒـﺎﺣﺜﻮن أن ﻣﻈﻬـﺮ اﻟﻨﻘـﺎط اﻟﺤ ﻤﺮاء اﻟﺼﻐ ة ﻳﺘﺄﺛﺮ ﺑﺎﻧﺤﻴﺎز رﺻﺪي إذ إن ﺑﻌﺾ ﺧﺼﺎﺋﺼﻬﺎ وﻣﺤﻴ ﻄﻬﺎ ﻻ ﺗﻈﻬـﺮ ﻋﻨـﺪ اﻻﻧﺰﻳﺎﺣ ـﺎت اﻟﺤﻤ ـﺮاء اﻟﻌﺎﻟﻴ ـﺔ ﺑﺎﺳــﺘﺨﺪام اﻟﺘﻘﻨﻴﺎت ا ﺘﺎﺣﺔ ﺣﺎﻟﻴ . ﺎً ﺗﺴــﺘﻨﺪ اﺳــﺘﻨﺘﺎﺟﺎﺗﻬﻢ إﱃ ﺗﺤﻠﻴــﻞ ﻣﺠــﺮة ﺣﻠﺰوﻧﻴﺔ ﻣﻨﺨﻔﻀﺔ اﻻﻧﺰﻳﺎح اﻷﺣﻤـﺮ ﺗﺴـﻤﻰ WISEAJ123635.56+621424.2 وﺗﻌ ـﺮف » ﺑﻠﻘﺐ « ﺳﺎﻏﻮارو ﺑﺴﺒﺐ أذرﻋﻬﺎ اﻟﺒﺎرزة اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﺸـﺒﻪ ﻧﺒـﺎت اﻟﺼـﺒﺎر اﻟﺸـﻬ ﰲ ﺻـﺤﺮاء ﺳﻮﻧﻮ ران ﺑﺠﻨﻮب ﻏـﺮب اﻟﻮﻻﻳـﺎت ا ﺘﺤـﺪة . وﻣﻦ أﺑﺮز ﺳﻤﺎت ﻫﺬه ا ﺠﺮة اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﻘﻊ ﻋﻨـﺪ اﻧﺰﻳﺎح أﺣﻤﺮ ﻗﺪره "2" أي ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ ﻛﺎن ﻋﻤـﺮ اﻟﻜﻮن ﻧﺤﻮ ٣.٣ ﻣﻠﻴﺎرات ﺳﻨﺔ ﺑﻌﺪ اﻻﻧﻔﺠـﺎر اﻟﻌﻈﻴﻢ، وﺟﻮد ﻣﺮﻛـﺰ أﺣﻤـﺮ ﺻـﻐ ﻳﺸـﺒﻪ ﻧﻮﻓﻤﺒﺮ - ﺩﻳﺴﻤﺒﺮ 2 0 2 6