Free Astronomy Magazine November-December 2026 ARABIC VERSION

andwider,sloweroutflows—a processastronomershavelongsus- pected is shaped and powered by magnetic fields twisted into a fun- nel-like,ringshapearoundthejet. “Forthefirsttime,theseALMAob- servations have captured this invisi- blefunnelofmagneticfields,” said Ching, “Thisisexcitingbecauseit proves a decades-old theory about howstars,likeourownSun,areborn andfireoffpowerfulcosmicjets.” The team used ALMA’s exceptional resolving power, roughly 30 times sharperthanthatofearliertele- scopes,tomeasurethefaintpolar- izationofcarbonmonoxidegas radiating from the outflow around IRAS4A.Thatpolarizationsignallet theresearcherstracethemorphol- ogy and strength of the magnetic fieldthreadingthroughtheoutflow at distances of only a few hundred astronomicalunits(theaveragedis- tancebetweentheEarthtotheSun) from the young star. The team found the magnetic field measured a few thousandths of a gauss(modestcomparedtoahouse- hold magnet, but immense on the scaleofinterstellarspace)andthat itwrappedaroundtheoutflowlike acoil,runningperpendiculartothe direction the gas was flowing and matching the outflow’s rotation. Thatgeometryisthesignatureofa “toroidal” (or ring-shaped) mag- neticfield,exactlywhattheoretical modelshavepredictedfordecades — but never directly confirmed at this level of detail. “This study represents the first and mosthigh-resolutionobservationof milligauss-strength toroidal mag- neticfieldsatascaleofseveralhun- dred astronomical units from a protostar,” adds Ching. “We knew that IRAS 4A was a text- book case: 20 years ago, in a work published in Science, we found that this region followed the theoreti- cally expected magnetically driven collapse” , says Josep Miquel Girart, co-author and researcher at the In- stitute of Space Sciences (ICE-CSIC) and the Institute of Space Studies of Catalonia (IEEC). The team also uncovered an unex- pected bonus: a straightforward mathematical relationship, based on thephysicsprincipleknownasAm- père’s law, linking the twisting of the magnetic field to the electric currents flowing through the gas. Becausethatrelationshipfollowsa predictable,linearpattern,itgives astronomersanewandmoredirect way to work out the direction of magneticfieldsinthecloudsofgas and dust where stars are born — a notoriously difficult measurement to make. Understanding how magnetic fields shape stellar outflows helps as- tronomers explain a fundamental step in star formation, for how youngstarsshedexcessmaterialand angularmomentumsotheycancon- tinuegrowing,ratherthanspinning themselves apart. The same physical process is thought to play out at vastly different scales throughout the Universe, from newborn stars liketheonestudiedhere,tothesu- permassive black holes that power distantgalaxies.     وﺗُﺪﻓﻊ ﺑﻔﻌﻞ ﻣﺠﺎﻻت ﻣﻐﻨﺎﻃﻴﺴـﻴﺔ ﻣﻠﺘﻮﻳـﺔ ﲆ ﻫﻴﺌﺔ ﻋ ﻗﻤﻊ، ﺗﺸﺒﻪ ﺣﻠﻘﺔ ﺗﺤﻴﻂ ﺑﺎﻟﻨﻔﺎﺛﺔ . ﻗﺎل ﺗﺸﻴﻨﻎ :» ﻟﻠﻤـﺮة اﻷوﱃ اﻟﺘﻘﻄـﺖ أرﺻـﺎد ﻣﺮﺻﺪ أ ﺎ ﻫﺬا اﻟﻘﻤﻊ ﻏ ا ﺮﺋﻲ ﻣﻦ ا ﺠﺎﻻت ا ﻐﻨﺎﻃﻴﺴﻴﺔ وﻫﺬا أﻣﺮ ﻣﺜ ﻷﻧﻪ ﻳﺜﺒﺖ ﻧﻈﺮﻳﺔ ﻋﻤ ﺮﻫﺎ ﻋﻘﻮد ﺣﻮل ﻛﻴﻔﻴﺔ وﻻدة اﻟﻨﺠﻮم ﻣﺜـﻞ اﻟﺸﻤﺲ وإﻃﻼﻗﻬﺎ ﻧﻔﺎﺛـﺎت ﻛﻮﻧﻴـﺔ ﻗﻮﻳـﺔ « . اﺳﺘﺨﺪم اﻟﻔﺮﻳﻖ اﻟﻘﺪرة ا ﻻﺳﺘﺜﻨﺎﺋﻴﺔ ﺮﺻﺪ أ ﺎ ﻋﲆ اﻟﺘﻤﻴﻴﺰ ا ﻜﺎﻧﻲ واﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﺒﻠﻎ دﻗﺘﻬـﺎ ﻧﺤـﻮ 30 ﺿﻌﻒ دﻗﺔ اﻟﺘﻠﺴﻜﻮﺑﺎت اﻟﺴﺎﺑﻘﺔ، ﻟﻘﻴﺎس اﻻﺳﺘﻘﻄﺎب اﻟﺨﺎﻓﺖ ﻟﻐﺎز أول أﻛﺴﻴﺪ اﻟﻜﺮﺑﻮن ا ﻨﺒﻌﺚ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺘﺪﻓﻖ اﻟﺨـﺎرﺟﻲ ﺣـﻮل اﻟـﻨﺠﻢ IRAS 4A . وأﺗﺎح ﻫﺬا اﻻﺳﺘﻘﻄﺎب ﻟﻠﺒـﺎﺣﺜ ﺗﺘﺒﻊ ﺷﻜﻞ ا ﺠﺎل ا ﻐﻨﺎﻃ ـ ﻴﴘ وﻗﻮﺗـﻪ ﻋـﱪ اﻟﺘﺪ ﻓﻖ اﻟﺨﺎرﺟﻲ ﻋـﲆ ﻣﺴـﺎﻓﺎت ﻻ ﺗﺘﺠـ ﺎوز ﺑﻀﻊ ﻣﺌﺎت ﻣـﻦ اﻟﻮﺣـﺪات اﻟﻔﻠﻜﻴـﺔ أي ﻣـﺎ ﻳﻌﺎدل ﺗﻘﺮﻳﺒ ﺎً ﻣﺘﻮﺳﻂ ا ﺴـﺎﻓﺔ ﺑـ اﻷرض واﻟﺸﻤﺲ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻨﺠﻢ اﻟﻔﺘﻲ . ووﺟﺪ اﻟﻔﺮﻳﻖ أن ﻗﻮة ا ﺠﺎل ا ﻐﻨﺎﻃﻴﴘ ﺗﺒﻠ ﻎ ﺑﻀﻌﺔ أﺟﺰاء ﻣﻦ اﻷﻟﻒ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻐﺎوس وﻫﻲ ﻗﻮة ﻣﺘ ﻮاﺿﻌﺔ ﻣﻘﺎرﻧﺔ ﺑﻤﻐﻨﺎﻃﻴﺲ ﻣﻨـﺰﱄ ﻟﻜﻨﻬـﺎ ﻫﺎﺋﻠﺔ ﻋﲆ ﻣﻘ ﻴﺎس اﻟﻔﻀﺎء ﺑ اﻟﻨﺠﻮم . ﻛﻤﺎ وﺟﺪوا أن ا ﺠـﺎل ﻳﻠ ﺘـﻒ ﺣـﻮل اﻟﺘـﺪﻓﻖ اﻟﺨﺎرﺟﻲ ﻣﺜﻞ ا ﻠﻒ وﻳﻤﺘﺪ ﻋﻤﻮدﻳ ﺎً ﻋﲆ اﺗﺠﺎه ﺣﺮﻛـﺔ اﻟﻐـﺎز وﻳﺘﻮاﻓـﻖ ﻣـﻊ دوران اﻟﺘـﺪﻓﻖ اﻟﺨﺎرﺟﻲ وﺗ ﻌﺪ ﻫﺬه اﻟﻬﻨﺪﺳﺔ ﺳـﻤﺔ ﻣﻤﻴـﺰ ة ﺠﺎل ﻣﻐﻨﺎﻃﻴﴘ ﺣﻠﻘـﻲ ) ﺗﻮروﻳـﺪي ( وﻫـﻮ ﺑﺎﻟﻀﺒﻂ ﻣﺎ ﺗﻨﺒﺄت ﺑﻪ اﻟﻨﻤﺎذج اﻟﻨﻈﺮﻳـﺔ ﻋـﲆ ﻣﺪى ﻋﻘﻮد ﻟﻜ ﻦ ﻟﻢ ﻳﺴـﺒﻖ ﺗﺄﻛﻴـﺪه ﻣﺒـﺎﴍة ﺑﻬﺬا ا ﺴﺘﻮى ﻣﻦ اﻟﺘﻔﺎﺻﻴﻞ . أﺿﺎف ﺗﺸـﻴﻨﻎ :» ﺗﻤﺜـﻞ ﻫـﺬه اﻟﺪراﺳـﺔ أول رﺻﺪ، وأﻋﲆ رﺻﺪ دﻗـﺔ ﺣﺘـﻰ اﻵن، ﺠـﺎﻻت ﻣﻐﻨﺎﻃﻴﺴﻴﺔ ﺣﻠﻘﻴﺔ ﺑﻘﻮة ا ـﲇ ﻏـﺎوس ﻋـﲆ ﻣﻘﻴﺎس ﻳﺒﻠﻎ ﻋﺪة ﻣﺌﺎت ﻣﻦ اﻟﻮﺣﺪات اﻟﻔﻠﻜﻴﺔ ﻣﻦ ﻧﺠﻢ أوﱄ « . ﻗﺎل ﺟﻮزﻳﺐ ﻣﻴﻜﻴﻞ ﻏـ ارت ا ﺆﻟـﻒ ا ﺸـﺎرك واﻟﺒﺎﺣـﺚ ﰲ ﻣﻌﻬـﺪ ﻋﻠـﻮم ـــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــ اﻟﻔﻀﺎء وﻣ ﻌﻬﺪ دراﺳﺎت اﻟﻔﻀﺎء ﰲ ﻛﺎﺗﺎﻟﻮﻧﻴﺎ :» ﻛﻨﺎ ﻧﻌﻠﻢ أن اﻟﻨﺠﻢ IRAS 4A ﻳﻤﺜـﻞ ﺣﺎﻟـﺔ ﻧﻤﻮذﺟﻴﺔ ﻓﻤﻨﺬ 20 ﺎً ﻋﺎﻣـ أﻇﻬﺮﻧـﺎ ﰲ دراﺳـﺔ ﻧُﴩت ﰲ ﻣﺠﻠﺔ ﺳﺎﻳﻨﺲ أن ﻫﺬه ا ﻨﻄﻘﺔ ﺗﺘﺒﻊ اﻻﻧﻬﻴﺎر ا ﺪﻓﻮع ﻣﻐﻨﺎﻃﻴﺴﻴ ﺎً وا ﺘﻮاﻓـﻖ ﻣـﻊ اﻟﺘﻮﻗﻌﺎت اﻟﻨﻈﺮﻳﺔ « . ﻛﻤـﺎ اﻛﺘﺸـﻒ اﻟﻔﺮﻳـﻖ ﻧﺘﻴﺠﺔ إﺿﺎﻓﻴﺔ ﻏ ﻣﺘﻮﻗﻌﺔ : ﻋﻼﻗﺔ رﻳﺎﺿـﻴﺔ ﻣﺒﺎﴍة، ﺗﺴﺘﻨﺪ إﱃ ا ﺒﺪأ اﻟﻔ ﻴﺰﻳﺎﺋﻲ ا ﻌـﺮوف ﺑﺎﺳﻢ ﻗﺎﻧﻮن أﻣﺒ ﺗﺮﺑﻂ ﺑـ اﻟﺘـﻮاء ا ﺠـﺎل ا ﻐﻨﺎﻃﻴﴘ واﻟﺘﻴﺎرا ت اﻟﻜﻬﺮﺑﺎﺋﻴـﺔ ا ﺘﺪﻓﻘـﺔ ﻋﱪ اﻟﻐﺎز وﺑﻤﺎ أن ﻫﺬه اﻟﻌﻼﻗﺔ ﺗ ﺘﺒـﻊ ﻧﻤﻄًـﺎ ﺧﻄﻴﺎً ﻳﻤﻜﻦ اﻟﺘﻨﺒﺆ ﺑﻪ ﻓﺈﻧﻬـﺎ ﺗﻤـﻨﺢ ﻋﻠﻤـﺎء اﻟﻔﻠﻚ ﻃﺮﻳﻘﺔ ﺟﺪﻳﺪة وأﻛﺜﺮ ﻣﺒﺎﴍة ﻟﺘﺤﺪﻳـﺪ اﺗﺠﺎه ا ﺠﺎﻻت ا ﻐﻨﺎﻃﻴﺴﻴﺔ ﰲ ﺳﺤﺐ اﻟﻐـﺎز واﻟﻐﺒﺎر اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﺘﺸﻜﻞ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ اﻟﻨﺠﻮم وﻫﻮ ﻗﻴﺎس ﻳﺼﻌﺐ إﺟﺮاؤه ﻋﺎدةً و ﻳﺴـﺎﻋﺪ ﻓﻬـﻢ ﻛﻴﻔﻴـﺔ ﺗـﺄﺛ ا ﺠـﺎﻻت ا ﻐﻨﺎﻃﻴﺴـﻴﺔ ﰲ اﻟﺘ ـﺪﻓﻘﺎت اﻟﻨﺠﻤﻴﺔ اﻟﺨﺎرﺟﺔ ﻋﲆ ﺗﻔ ﺴ ﺧﻄﻮة أﺳﺎﺳﻴﺔ ﰲ ﺗﻜﻮّن اﻟﻨﺠـﻮم ﺗﺘﻤﺜـﻞ ﰲ ﻛﻴﻔﻴـﺔ ﺗﺨﻠـﺺ اﻟﻨﺠﻮم اﻟﻔﺘﻴـﺔ ﻣـﻦ ا ـﺎدة اﻟﺰاﺋـﺪة واﻟـﺰﺧﻢ اﻟﺰاوي ﺑﻤﺎ ﻳﺴﻤﺢ ﻟﻬﺎ ﺑﻤﻮاﺻﻠﺔ اﻟﻨﻤـﻮ ﺑـﺪﻻً ﻣﻦ اﻟﺪوران ﺑﴪﻋﺔ ﺗﺆدي إﱃ ﺗﻔﻜﻜﻬﺎ . ﺗﻮﻓﺮ ﻫﺬه اﻟﻨﺘﺎﺋﺞ ﺻﻮرة أوﺿﺢ ﻋـﻦ اﻟـﺪور اﻟﺬي ﺗﺆد ﻳﻪ اﻟﺤﻘﻮل ا ﻐﻨﺎﻃﻴﺴـﻴﺔ ﰲ ﺗ ﻨﻈـﻴﻢ ا ﺎدة ﺣﻮل اﻷﺟﺮام ا ﺪﻣﺠﺔ إذ ﻳﻤﻜـﻦ ﻟﻠﻐـﺎز ا ﺘﺤﺮك أن ﻳﻨﻘﻞ اﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ واﻟﺰﺧﻢ ﺑﻌﻴـﺪ اً ﻋـﻦ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﺔ اﻟﺘﻜﻮّن وﻗﺪ ﻳﺴﺎﻋﺪ ﻓﻬﻢ ﻫﺬه اﻵﻟﻴـﺔ ﻋﲆ ﺗﻔﺴ ﺳﺒﺐ اﺧﺘﻼف أﺷﻜﺎل اﻟﺘـﺪﻓﻘﺎت واﻟﻨﻔﺎﺛـﺎت وﻛﻴـﻒ ﺗﺘﻄـﻮر ﺑﻨﻴ ـﺔ اﻷﻧﻈﻤ ـﺔ اﻟﻨﺠﻤﻴﺔ ﻋﱪ اﻟﺰﻣﻦ ﺑﺼﻮرة ﻣﺴﺘﻤﺮة . ﻌﻳ ﺘﻘﺪ أن اﻟﻌﻤﻠﻴﺔ اﻟﻔﻴﺰﻳﺎﺋﻴﺔ ﻧﻔﺴـﻬﺎ ﺗﺤـﺪث ﻋﲆ ﻣﻘ ﺎﻳﻴﺲ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ ﺟﺪاً ﰲ أﻧﺤـﺎء اﻟﻜـﻮن اً ﺑﺪء ﻣﻦ اﻟﻨﺠﻮم ﺣﺪﻳﺜﺔ اﻟـﻮﻻدة ﻣﺜـ ﻞ اﻟـﻨﺠﻢ اﻟﺬي دُرس ﰲ ﻫﺬه اﻟﺤﺎﻟﺔ ﺿﻤﻦ ﻫﺬا اﻟﺴـﻴﺎق اﻟﻌﻠﻤﻲ وﺻﻮﻻً إﱃ اﻟﺜ ﻘـﻮب اﻟﺴـﻮداء ﻓﺎﺋﻘـﺔ اﻟﻜﺘﻠﺔ اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﺸﻐ ﻞ ا ﺠﺮات اﻟﺒﻌﻴﺪة . ﻈﻬﺮ ﻫﺬا اﻟﺮﺳﻢ اﻟ ﺘﺨ ﻠـﻲ اﻟﻤﺠـﺎل اﻟﻤﻐﻨﺎﻃ ﺴـﻲ اﻟﻤﻠﺘـﻮيﻋﻠـﻰﺷـ ﻞ ﻗﻤـﻊ ) ﻣﻤﺜـﻞ ﺑﻮاﺳـﻄﺔ ﺧﻄـﻮط ــﺔ ﺑ ﻀــﺎء ﺣﻠﺰوﻧ ( اﻛﺘﺸــﻔﺘﻬﺎ اﻟـــ ﻣﺼــﻔﻮﻓﺔ ﻣﺮﺻـــﺪ أﻟﻤــﺎ ﻣﻠﻔﻮﻓــﺔ ﺣـــﻮل اﻟﻐــﺎزاﻟ ﻤ ﺘــﺪﻓﻖ ﻣـــﻦ اﻟــ ﻨ ﻢ اﻟ ﺸـــﺎب IRAS 4A . ﻛﺸـﻔﺖ اﻟ ﺒ ﺎﻧـﺎت اﻟــﺠﺪ ﺪة ـﻞ ﻋـﻦ ﻫـﺬا اﻟﻬﻴ ﻋﻠـﻰﺷـ ﻞ ﺣﻠﻘـﺔ ﺘﻔﺎﺻـﻴﻞ ﻏـ ﻣﺴـﺒﻮﻗﺔ ﻣﻤـﺎ ﻳﺆﻛـﺪ ـــﺔ إﻃــﻼق اﻟﻤﺠــ ﺗﻨﺒــﺆ ﻋﻤــﺮﻩ ﻋﻘــﻮد ﻣــﻦ اﻟــﺰﻣﻦ ﺣــﻮل ﻛ ﻔ ﺎﻻت اﻟﻤﻐﻨﺎﻃ ﺴــ ﺔ وﺗﺸــﻜﻴﻞ اﻟ ﻨﻔﺎﺛــﺎت ــﺔ ﻣـــﻦ اﻟﻘﻮ اﻟﻨﺠﻮم اﻟﺸ . ﺎ ﺔ [NSF/AUI/NSF NRAO/M. Weiss] ﻧﻮﻓﻤﺒﺮ - ﺩﻳﺴﻤﺒﺮ 2 0 2 6