Free Astronomy Magazine November-December 2026 ARABIC VERSION

W 15 ebbrecently imagedplane- tary nebula NGC 2392, which is nick- named the Lion Neb- uladuetoitsdistinct shape.Thisnear-and mid-infraredcompos- iteimagerevealsthe complex structure of thenebula,whichhas formedandcontinues tobesculptedbythe remains of a dying star.Thestellarcore, also known as awhite dwarf, is lo-cated at the centre and looks like the button nose of the lion. The central dying star is so hot that its radiation is “cooking”everything from the inside and producing a bubbleof ionized hydrogen gas as it does. The gas bubble, which is thelion’s“face,”fea- turescavernousshells and rings with ten- drilsthatareexpand- ing and destroying dustuponencounter. However,notalldust is obliterated from the scene. The lion’s mane is the interior ofadustshellthatis being illuminated by thecentral star’s core. Within the mane somecompactclumps of dust (red and or- ange) have managed to survive so far and are protecting the materialthatliesbe- hindthem.Additional clumps of molecular hydrogenappearyel- low. [NASA, ESA, CSA,STScI.Image Processing:A.Pagan (STScI)] objects. Now Webb has captured a clearer, more detailed view of the Lion Nebuladuetoitshigh-res- olution imaging. At first glance the nebula’s overall structure in Webb’s infrared images, both with the NIRCam (Near Infrared Camera) and MIRI (Mid In- frared Instrument), may look quite similar to Hub- ble’s earlier visible-light view. However, Webb’s infrared vision highlights features likecompactclumpsofdust and haze of ionised gas. It’stakenseveralthousand yearsforthiscollectionof gas and dust to reach its currentshape,andtheneb- ula’scomponentscontinue to be altered. The source of these con- stantchangesandtherea- son for the Lion Nebula’s distinct appearance is lo- cated at the centre: the remains of a dying star. Though it looks like the buttonnoseofthelion,its energy and radiation are powering the intricate structures seen here. Massive stars undergo su- pernova explosions at the endoftheirlives,butthese kindsofeventsarefarand few between. Most of the Universe’sstarshavelower masses, like the one be- longing to NGC 2392. When a lower-mass star cannolongersustainitself withnuclearreactionsinits core,thestarbecomesun- stableandpulsates,losing its mass by shedding its outer layers, which then turn into shells of gas and dustcalledaplanetary nebula (stars at this life stage are responsible for producing much of the Universe’sobservabledust). The star’s radiation drives the ejected material away, leavingbehindthevery hotstellarcore,alsoknown as a white dwarf. In the Lion Nebula’s case, the death of the oxygen- richcentralstarhasleftbe- hind a white dwarf that is “cooking”everythingfrom theinsideandproducing a bubble of ionised gas as itdoes.Thegasbubble, whichformsthelion’sface, isexpandingovertimeand destroyingdustthatisinits path.Understandingwhy theswept-upgashasa complex structure of rings and shells, a common fea- ture in planetary nebulae, is an ongoing endeavour. Themaneofthelionisthe interiorofadustshellthat isbeingilluminatedbythe whitedwarfatthecentre. Thetuftsofhair,which looklikecometarytails ofmaterial,arecompact clumpsofdustthathave survived the stellar core’s radiation and are protect- ing the material that lies behind them. Webb’s imagery “freezes” this planetary nebula in time, though the star’s death, and its tumultuous effects, go on. NGC 2392 will continue to undergo changes as its gas and dust migrate away from the stellar core. Astronomers estimate that the lion will eventually disperse in ap- proximately10,000years — a relatively short period inastronomicalterms.     NOVEMBER-DECEMBER2026 اﻷﺳﺪ ا ﻜﻮﻧﺔ ﻣﻦ أﺟﺴﺎم ﺿﺒﺎﺑﻴﺔ ﺗﺸﺒﻪ ا ﺬﻧﺒﺎت . أﻣﺎ اﻵن ﻓﻘﺪ ﻗـﺪم ﺗﻠﺴـﻜﻮب « وﻳــﺐ » رؤﻳ ـﺔ أ ﻛﺜ ـﺮ وﺿﻮﺣًﺎ وﺗﻔﺼﻴﻼً ﻟﺴـﺪﻳﻢ اﻷﺳـﺪ ﺑﻔﻀــﻞ ﻗﺪرﺗــﻪ اﻟﻌﺎﻟﻴــﺔ ﻋــﲆ اﻟﺘﺼﻮﻳﺮ . وﻟﻠﻮﻫﻠﺔ اﻷوﱃ، ﻗﺪ ﻳﺒﺪو اﻟﻬﻴﻜﻞ اﻟﻌـﺎم ﻟﻠﺴـﺪﻳﻢ ﰲ ﺻـﻮر « وﻳﺐ» ﺑﺎﻷﺷﻌﺔ ﺗﺤـﺖ اﻟﺤﻤـﺮاء، ﺳﻮاء ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪام ﻛﺎﻣ ا اﻷﺷـﻌﺔ ﺗ ﺤﺖ اﻟﺤﻤﺮاء اﻟﻘﺮﻳﺒﺔ NIRCam ﻣﺠﻠﺔ FreeAstronomy ﺎﻟﻌﺮ ﺔ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻐﺎ ز وا ﻟﻐﺒـﺎر ﺗُﻌـﺮف ﺑﺎﺳـﻢ اﻟﺴﺪﻳﻢ اﻟﻜﻮﻛﺒﻲ واﻟﻨﺠﻮم ﰲ ﻫﺬه ا ﺮﺣﻠﺔ ﻣﻦ دورة ﺣﻴﺎﺗﻬﺎ ﻣﺴﺆوﻟﺔ ﻋﻦ إﻧﺘﺎج ﺟﺰء ﻛﺒ ﻣـﻦ اﻟﻐﺒـﺎر ا ﺮﺻﻮد ﰲ اﻟﻜﻮن . وﻳﻌﻤﻞ إﺷﻌﺎع اﻟـﻨﺠﻢ ﻋـﲆ دﻓـﻊ ا ﺎدة ا ﻘﺬوﻓﺔ ﺑﻌﻴﺪ اً ﺎً ﺗﺎرﻛـ وراءه ﺎً ﻗﻠﺒ ﺎً ﻧﺠﻤﻴ ﺷﺪﻳﺪ اﻟﺤﺮارة ﻳﻌـﺮف ﺑﺎﺳﻢ اﻟﻘـﺰم اﻷﺑـﻴﺾ وﰲ ﺣﺎﻟـﺔ ﺳـﺪ ﺳـﺪﻳﻢ اﻷ أدى ﻣـﻮت اﻟـﻨﺠﻢ ا ﺮﻛﺰي اﻟﻐﻨﻲ ﺑﺎﻷﻛﺴﺠ إﱃ ﺗﺮك ﻗﺰم أ ﻳﻄﻬﻮ » ﺑﻴﺾ « ﻛﻞ ﻣﺎ ﺣﻮﻟـﻪ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺪاﺧﻞ وﻳﻨﺘﺞ ﰲ اﻟﻮﻗﺖ ﻧﻔﺴﻪ ﻓﻘﺎﻋﺔ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻐﺎز ا ﺘﺄﻳﻦ . ﺗﺘﻤﺪد ﻓﻘﺎﻋﺔ اﻟﻐﺎز اﻟ ﺘـﻲ ﺗﺸـﻜﻞ وﺟـﻪ اﻷﺳـﺪ ﻣـﻊ ﻣـﺮور اﻟـﺰﻣﻦ وﺗﺪﻣﺮ اﻟﻐﺒﺎر ا ﻮﺟﻮد ﰲ ﻃﺮﻳﻘﻬـﺎ وﻻ ﻳﺰال ﻓﻬﻢ ﺳﺒﺐ اﻣﺘﻼك اﻟﻐـﺎز ا ﺪﻓﻮع إﱃ اﻟﺨﺎرج ﻫـﺬا اﻟ ﻬﻴﻜـﻞ ا ﻌﻘﺪ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺤﻠﻘﺎت واﻷﻏﻠﻔﺔ وﻫﻮ ﻧﻤﻂ ﺷﺎﺋﻊ ﰲ اﻟﺴـﺪم اﻟﻜﻮﻛﺒﻴـﺔ ﻣﻮﺿﻮﻋﺎً اً ﻣﺴﺘﻤﺮ ﻟﻠﺒﺤﺚ اﻟﻔﻠﻜﻲ أﻣﺎ ﻟﺒﺪة اﻷﺳﺪ ﻓﻬﻲ اﻟﺠﺰء اﻟﺪاﺧﲇ ﻣﻦ ﻏﻼف ﻣﻦ اﻟﻐﺒﺎر ﻳﻀﻴﺌﻪ اﻟﻘﺰم اﻷﺑﻴﺾ ا ﻮﺟﻮد ﰲ ا ﺮﻛـﺰ وﺗﺒـﺪو ﺧﺼﻼت اﻟﺸﻌﺮ اﻟ ﺘﻲ ﺗﺸﺒﻪ ذﻳـﻮﻻً ﻣﺬﻧﺒﻴــﺔ ﻣـﻦ ا ـﺎدة ﻋـﲆ ﻫﻴﺌـﺔ ﺗﺠ ﻤﻌـﺎت ﻣﱰاﺻـﺔ ﻣـﻦ اﻟﻐﺒـﺎر ﺗﻤﻜﻨﺖ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺼﻤﻮد أﻣﺎم إﺷـﻌﺎع اﻟﻘﻠﺐ اﻟﻨﺠﻤﻲ وﻫﻲ ﺗﺤﻤﻲ ا ﺎدة ا ﻮﺟﻮدة ﺧﻠﻔﻬﺎ . ﺗﻤﻨﺢ ﺻﻮر ﺗﻠﺴﻜﻮب ﻫﺬا « وﻳﺐ» اﻟﺴﺪﻳﻢ اﻟﻜﻮﻛﺒﻲ ﻣﺎ ﻳﺸﺒﻪ ﻟﻘﻄ» ﺔ « ﻣﺠﻤﺪة ﻟﻠﺤﻈﺔ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺰﻣﻦ رﻏـﻢ أن ﻣﻮت اﻟﻨﺠﻢ وﺗﺄﺛ اﺗﻪ اﻟﻌﻨﻴﻔﺔ ﻻ ﻳﺰاﻻن ﻣﺴﺘﻤﺮﻳﻦ . ﺳﻴﻮاﺻـﻞ اﻟﺴـﺪﻳﻢ NGC 2392 اﻟﺘﻐ ﻣﻊ اﻧﺘﻘﺎل اﻟﻐـﺎز واﻟﻐﺒـﺎر ﺑﻌﻴﺪاً ﻋﻦ اﻟﻘﻠﺐ اﻟﻨﺠﻤﻲ وﻳﻘـﺪر ﻋﻠﻤﺎء اﻟﻔﻠﻚ أن اﻷﺳﺪ » « ﺳـﻴﺘﺒﺪد ﰲ ﻧﻬﺎﻳﺔ ا ﻄﺎف ﺧﻼل ﻣﺪة زﻣﻨﻴﺔ ﺗﺒﻠﻎ ﻧﺤـﻮ 10 آﻻف ﺳـﻨﺔ وﻫـﻲ ﻓﱰة ﻗﺼـ ة ﻧﺴـﺒﻴ ﺎً ﺑﻤﻘـﺎﻳﻴﺲ اﻟﺰﻣﻦ اﻟﻔﻠﻜﻲ . اﻷﺳﺪ ا ﻜﻮﻧﺔ ﻣﻦ أﺟﺴﺎم ﺿﺒﺎﺑﻴﺔ ﺗﺸﺒﻪ ا ﺬﻧﺒﺎت . أﻣ ـﺎ اﻵن ﻓﻘــﺪ ﻗ ـﺪم ﺗﻠﺴــﻜﻮب « وﻳــﺐ » رؤﻳــﺔ أﻛﺜــﺮ وﺿــﻮﺣًﺎ وﺗﻔﺼﻴﻼً ﻟﺴـﺪﻳﻢ اﻷﺳـﺪ ﺑﻔﻀـﻞ ﻗﺪرﺗ ـﻪ اﻟﻌﺎﻟﻴ ـﺔ ﻋ ـﲆ اﻟﺘﺼـﻮﻳﺮ وﻟﻠﻮﻫﻠﺔ اﻷوﱃ ﻗـﺪ ﻳﺒـﺪو اﻟﻬﻴﻜـﻞ اﻟﻌﺎم ﻟﻠﺴـﺪﻳﻢ ﰲ ﺻـﻮر « وﻳـﺐ » ﺑﺎﻷﺷـﻌﺔ ﺗﺤـﺖ اﻟﺤﻤـﺮاء ﺳـﻮاء ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪام ﻛﺎﻣ ا اﻷﺷـﻌﺔ ﺗﺤـﺖ اﻟﺤﻤﺮاء اﻟﻘﺮﻳﺒﺔ ﻧ ﻛﺎم » « أو أداة اﻷﺷﻌﺔ ﺗﺤﺖ اﻟﺤﻤﺮاء ا ﺘﻮﺳـﻄﺔ « ﻣـ ي » إ ﻣﺸـﺎﺑﻬﺎً ﱃ ﺣـﺪ ﻛﺒـ ﻟﻠﺼﻮرة اﻟﺴﺎﺑﻘﺔ اﻟﺘـﻲ اﻟﺘﻘﻄﻬـﺎ « ﻫﺎﺑـﻞ » ﰲ اﻟﻀـﻮء ا ﺮﺋـﻲ ﻟﻜـﻦ اﻟﺮؤﻳﺔ ﺑﺎﻷﺷـﻌﺔ ﺗﺤـﺖ اﻟﺤﻤـﺮاء ﺗﻜﺸﻒ ﺗﻔﺎﺻﻴﻞ دﻗﻴﻘﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺑﻴﻨﻬﺎ ﺗﺠﻤﻌـﺎت ﻣﱰاﺻـﺔ ﻣـﻦ اﻟﻐﺒـﺎر وﺿﺒﺎب ﻣﻦ اﻟﻐـﺎز ا ﺘـﺄﻳﻦ وﻗـﺪ اﺳﺘﻐﺮق ﺗﺠﻤﻊ اﻟﻐﺎز واﻟﻐﺒﺎر ﻫﺬا آﻻف اﻟﺴﻨ ﺣﺘﻰ وﺻﻞ إﱃ ﺷﻜﻠﻪ اﻟﺤﺎﱄ وﻻ ﺗﺰال ﻣﻜﻮﻧﺎت اﻟﺴـ ﺪﻳﻢ ﺗﺘﻐ ﺑﺎﺳﺘﻤﺮار وﻳﻜﻤـﻦ ﻣﺼـﺪر ﻫﺬه اﻟﺘﻐ ات ا ﺘﻮاﺻـﻠﺔ وﻛـﺬﻟﻚ اﻟﺴﺒﺐ ﰲ ا ﻈﻬﺮ ا ﻤﻴـﺰ ﻟﺴـﺪﻳﻢ اﻷﺳ ـﺪ ﰲ ﻣﺮﻛ ـﺰه : ﺑﻘﺎﻳــﺎ ﻧﺠ ـﻢ ﻳﺤﺘﴬ ورﻏﻢ أن ﻫﺬا اﻟﻨﺠﻢ ﻳﺒﺪو ﰲ اﻟﺼـﻮرة ﻛﺄﻧـﻪ أﻧـﻒ» « اﻷﺳـﺪ اﻟﺼﻐ ﻓـﺈن ﻃﺎﻗﺘـﻪ وإﺷـﻌﺎﻋﻪ ﻫﻤﺎ اﻟﻠﺬان ﻳﻘﻮدان اﻟﺒﻨﻰ ا ﻌﻘـﺪة اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﻈﻬﺮ ﰲ اﻟﺴﺪﻳﻢ . ﺗﺘﻌ ــﺮض ا ﻟﻨﺠــﻮم اﻟﻀــﺨﻤﺔ ﻻﻧﻔﺠﺎر ات ﻣﺴﺘﻌﺮات ﻋﻈﻤـﻰ ﰲ ﻧﻬﺎﻳﺔ ﺣﻴﺎﺗﻬـﺎ ﻟﻜـﻦ ﻣﺜـﻞ ﻫـﺬه اﻷﺣﺪاث ﻧﺎدرة ﻧﺴﺒﻴ ﺎً أﻣﺎ ﻣﻌﻈـﻢ ﻧﺠﻮم اﻟﻜﻮن ﻓﻜﺘﻠﺘﻬـﺎ أﻗـﻞ ﻣﺜـﻞ اﻟﻨﺠﻢ اﻟﺬي ﻛﺎن ﻣﺮﻛﺰ ﰲ اً ﻣﻮﺟﻮد NGC 2392 ﻓﻌﻨﺪﻣﺎ ﻳﻌﺠﺰ اﻟﻨﺠﻢ ﻣﻨﺨﻔﺾ اﻟﻜﺘﻠـﺔ ﻋـﻦ ﻣﻮاﺻـﻠﺔ دﻋﻢ ﻧﻔﺴﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼل اﻟﺘﻔـﺎﻋﻼت اﻟﻨﻮوﻳ ـﺔ ﰲ ﻗﻠﺒ ـﻪ ، ﻳﺼـﺒﺢ ﻏــ ﻣ ﺴﺘﻘﺮ وﻳﺒﺪأ ﰲ اﻟﻨـﺒﺾ ﺪ وﻳﻔﻘـ ﻛﺘﻠﺘــﻪ ﻋــﱪ ﻗــﺬف ﻃﺒﻘﺎﺗــﻪ اﻟﺨﺎرﺟﻴﺔ اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﺘﺤﻮل إﱃ أﻏﻠﻔـﺔ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻐﺎز واﻟﻐﺒـﺎر ﺗُﻌـﺮف ﺑﺎﺳـﻢ اﻟـــﺘﻘﻂ ﺗﻠﺴـــ ﻮب ﺟـــ ﻤﺲ و ﺐ اﻟﻔﻀﺎﺋﻲ اﻟﺘﺎﺑﻊ ﻟﻮ ﺎﻟـﺔ ﻧﺎﺳــﺎ ﻣــﺆﺧﺮاً ﺻــﻮرةً ﻟﻠﺴــﺪ ﻢ ـــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــﻮﻛ اﻟ 2392 NGC اﻟﻤﻠﻘـــــﺐ ﺑــــــ " ﺳـــــﺪ ﻢ اﻷﺳــــــﺪ " ﻧﻈــــــــــــــــﺮاً ﻟﺸـــــــــــــــــ ﻠﮫ اﻟﻤﻤـــــــــــــــــ . وﺗﻜﺸــــــــــــﻒﻫــــــــــــﺬﻩ اﻟﺼــــــــــــﻮرة ــــــــﺔ اﻟﻤﺮﻛ ا ﺗ ﻤــــــــﻊ ﺑــــــــ ﻟــــــــ اﻷﺷـــــــــــــﻌﺔ ﺗﺤــــــــــــــﺖ اﻟــــــــــــــ ـ ﻤﺮاء ـــــــﺔ واﻟﻤﺘﻮﺳـــــــﻄﺔ ﻋــــــــﻦ اﻟﻘﺮ ــــــــﺔ اﻟﻤﻌﻘــــــــﺪة ﻟﻠﺴــــــــﺪ ﻢ اﻟ ﻨ ﺗﺸ ﻞ وﻻ ﻳـﺰال ﺘﺸـ اﻟﺬ ﻞ ـــــــﻢ ﻳﺤﺘﻀـــــــﺮ ـــــــﺎ ﻧ ﻔﻌـــــــﻞ ﻘﺎ . ﺗﻘــﻊ ﻧـــﻮاة اﻟــﻨ ﻢ اﻟﻤﻌﺮوﻓـــﺔ أ ﻀــﺎً ﺎﺳــﻢ " اﻟﻘــﺰم اﻷﺑــ ﺾ " ــــﺪو و ﺄﻧﻬــــﺎ ﻓــــﻲ اﻟﻤﺮﻛــــﺰوﺗ أﻧـــــــــــــــــــﻒ اﻷﺳــــــــــــــــــــﺪ اﻟﺼــــــــــــــــــــﻐ اﻟﻤﺴـــــــــﺘﺪﻳﺮ و ﺘﻤـــــــــ اﻟـــــــــﻨ ﻢ اﻟﻤﺮﻛــــــﺰي اﻟﻤﺤﺘﻀــــــﺮﺑ ﺤــــــﺮارة ﻫﺎﺋﻠـــــــــﺔ ﺗﺠﻌــــــــــﻞ إﺷــــــــــﻌﺎﻋﺎﺗﮫ " ﺗﻄﻬـــــــــ " ﻮ ـــــــــﻞﺷـــــــــﻲء ﻣـــــــــﻦ إﻟــــــــﻰ اﻟــــــــﺪاﺧﻞ ﻣﻤــــــــﺎ ﻳــــــــﺆد ـــــــــــﺪ ﻓﻘﺎﻋــــــــــــﺔ ﻣــــــــــــﻦ ﻏــــــــــــﺎز ﺗﻮﻟ اﻟﻤﺘــــــــــــــــــــــﺄﻳﻦ ـــــــــــــــــــــﺪروﺟ اﻟﻬ . وﺗﺘﻤــــ ﻓﻘﺎﻋــــﺔ اﻟﻐــــﺎزﻫــــﺬﻩ ﺗﺸــــــ ﻞ اﻟـــــ " وﺟــــــﮫ " اﻷﺳــــــﺪ ﺑﻮﺟــــــــــﻮد ﻗﺸـــــــــــﻮروﺣﻠﻘـــــــــــﺎت واﺳــــــــــﻌﺔ ﺗﺸــــــــــ ﮫ اﻟ ﻬــــــــــﻮف ﻣﺼـــــــــــﺤﻮ ﺔ ﺑﺨﻴـــــــــــﻮطﻏﺎز ـــــــــــﺔ ـــــﺎرﻋﻨـــــﺪ ﺗﺘﻮﺳـــــﻊ وﺗـــــﺪﻣﺮاﻟﻐ ــﮫ وﻣــﻊ ذﻟــﻚ ﻻ اﺻــﻄﺪاﻣﻬﺎ ـﺎر ﺗﻤﺎﻣـﺎً ﻣـﻦ ـﻞ اﻟﻐ ﻳﺨﺘﻔﻲ اﻟﻤﺸــــــــــﻬﺪ إذ ﺗﻤﺜــــــــــﻞ " ـــــــــــﺪة ﻟ اﻷﺳـــﺪ ـ اﻟـــ " ﺠﺰء اﻟـــﺪاﺧﻠﻲﻣـــﻦ ﻗﺸـــﺮة ﻏ ﺎر ـــﺔ ﺗﻀـــﻴﺌﻬﺎ ﻧـــﻮاة اﻟــــــــــﻨ ﻢ اﻟﻤﺮﻛــــــــــﺰي وداﺧــــــــــﻞ ـــــﺪة ﺗﻤﻜﻨــــﺖ ﻌـــــﺾ ﻫــــﺬﻩ اﻟﻠ ـــــــﺎراﻟﻜﺜ ﻔـــــــﺔ ﻛﺘــــــﻞ اﻟﻐ ذات ) اﻷ ﻤـﺮ واﻟ ﻘــﺎﻟﻲ اﻟﻠــﻮﻧ ( اﻵن وﻫﻲ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺼﻤﻮد ﺣ ــــﺔ اﻟﻤــــﻮاد ﺗﻌﻤــــﻞ ﻋﻠــــﻰ ﻤﺎ اﻟﻤﻮﺟــــــــــﻮدة ﺧﻠﻔﻬــــــــــﺎ . ﻤــــــــــﺎ ﺗﻈﻬــــــــﺮﻛﺘـــــــــﻞ إﺿــــــــﺎﻓ ﺔ ﻣـــــــــﻦ ا ــﺪروﺟ اﻟﻬ ﻟـــ ــﺎﻟﻠﻮن ﺠﺰ اﻷﺻﻔﺮ . [NASA, ESA, CSA, STScI. Image Processing: A. Pa n (STScI)] 15 ﻧﻮﻓﻤﺒﺮ - ﺩﻳﺴﻤﺒﺮ 2 0 2 6