Free Astronomy Magazine November-December 2025 ARABIC VERSION

However many planets, in- cluding Earth, build up a heavier secondary atmos- phere after losing their pri- mary atmosphere. It is possible that planet e wasneverabletodothisand does not have a secondary atmos- phere. Yet researchers say there is an equal chance there is an atmos- phere, and the team developednovel approaches to working with Webb’sdatatodetermineplanete’s potential atmospheres and surface environments.Theresearcherssayit is unlikely that the atmosphere of TRAPPIST-1 e is dominated by car- bon dioxide, analogous to the thick atmosphere of Venus and the thin atmosphere of Mars. However, the researchers also are careful to note that there are no direct parallels with our solar system. “TRAPPIST- 1isaverydifferentstarfromourSun, and so the planetary system around it is also very different, which chal- lenges both our observational and theoretical assumptions,” said team member Nikole Lewis, an associate professor of astronomy at Cornell University.Ifthereisliquidwateron TRAPPIST-1 e, the researchers say it would be accompanied by a green- houseeffect,inwhichvarious gases, particularly carbon dioxide, keep the atmosphere stable and the planet warm. “A little greenhouse effectgoesalongway,” saidLewis, and the measurements do not rule outadequatecarbondioxidetosus- tainsomewateronthesurface.Ac- cording to the team’s analysis, the water could take the form of a global ocean, or cover a smaller areaoftheplanetwherethestaris at perpetual noon, surrounded by ice. This would be possible because, due to the TRAPPIST-1 planets’ sizes and close orbits to their star, it is thought that they all are tidally locked,withonesidealwaysfacing thestarandonesidealwaysindark- ness. Espinoza and co-principal in- vestigator Natalie Allen of Johns Hopkins University are leading a teamthatiscurrentlymaking15ad- ditional observations of planet e, with an innovative twist. Thescientistsaretimingtheobser- vations so that Webb catches both planetsbandetransitingthestar ـــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــ After previous Webb obser- vations of planet b, theplanet orbiting closest to TRAPPIST- 1, scientists are fairly confident it is a bare rockwithoutanatmosphere. s means that signals detected during planet b’s transit can be at- tributed to the star only, and be- cause planet e transits at nearly the sametime,therewillbelesscompli- cation from the star’s variability. Scientistsplantocomparethedata from both planets, and any indica- tionsofchemicalsthatshowuponly in planet e’s spectrum can be attrib- utedtoitsatmosphere. “Wearere- ally still in the early stages of learning what kind of amazing sci- ence we can do with Webb. It’s in- credible to measure the details of starlight around Earth-sized planets 40light-yearsawayandlearnwhat it might be like there, if life could be possible there,” said Ana Glid- den, a post-doctoral researcher at MassachusettsInstituteofTechnol- ogy’sKavliInstituteforAstrophysics andSpaceResearch,wholedthere- search on possible atmospheres for planete. “We’reinanewageofex- plorationthat’sveryexcitingtobe a partof,” she said.    NOVEMBER-DECEMBER2025 ﻘﺎرن ﻫﺬ ا اﻟﺮﺳﻢ اﻟﺒ ﺎﻧﻲ ﺑ ﺎﻧﺎت ﻣﻄ ﺎف اﻷﺷﻌﺔ ﺗﺤﺖ اﻟ ـ ﻤﺮاء اﻟﻘﺮ ﺔ ﻧ) ( ﺳــــــﺒ ﻚ اﻟﺘــــــﺎﺑﻊ ﻠﻟﺘ ﺴــــــ ﻮب ــــــﺐ ﻣــــــﻊ اﻟﻨﻤــــــﺎذج اﻟــــــ و ـ ﺤﺎﺳﻮﺑ ﺔ ﻟﻠ ﻮﻛــــــﺐ ﺗ ﺮاﺑ ﺴﺖ - 1 إي ﺑﻮﺟﻮد ﻏﻼف اﻷزرق ) ﺟﻮي ( ) و ﺪوﻧﮫ اﻟ ﻘـﺎﻟﻲ ﺗو ( ﻈﻬـﺮ اﻷﺷﺮﻃﺔ اﻟﻤﻠﻮﻧﺔ ﻧﻘﺎط اﻟﺒ ﺎﻧﺎت اﻷﻛ اﺣﺘﻤﺎﻻً ﻟ ﻞ ﻧﻤﻮذج . [NASA, ESA, CSA, STScI, Joseph Olmsted (STScI)] ﻣﻊ ذﻟﻚ ﻓﺈن اﻟﻌﺪﻳﺪ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻜﻮاﻛﺐ ﺑﻤﺎ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ اﻷرض ﺗ ﺎً ﻓـﻏﻼ ﺸﻜﻞ ﻟﻬﺎ ﺎً ﺟﻮﻳـ ﺎً ﺛﺎﻧﻮﻳ أﺛﻘﻞ ﺑﻌﺪ ﻓﻘﺪان ﻏﻼﻓﻬﺎ اﻟﺠﻮي اﻷﺳﺎﳼ . ﻣﻦ ا ُﺤﺘﻤﻞ أن اﻟﻜﻮﻛﺐ إي ﻟﻢ ﻳﻜﻦ ﻗﺎدر اً ﻋﲆ ﻓﻌﻞ ذﻟﻚ أﺑﺪاً وﻟﻴﺲ ﻟﺪﻳﻪ ﻏﻼف ﺟﻮي ﺛـﺎﻧﻮي وﻣـﻊ ذﻟـﻚ ﻳﻘــﻮل اﻟﺒـﺎﺣﺜﻮن إن ﻫﻨـﺎك ﻓﺮﺻـﺔ ﻮل اﻟﺒﺎﺣﺜﻮن إ ﻫ ﻨﺎك اﺣﺘﻤـﺎﻻ ﺘﺴـﺎوﻳ ﻣ ﺎً ﻟﻮ ﺟﻮد ﻏﻼف ﺟﻮي إذ ﻃﻮر اﻟﻔﺮﻳـﻖ أﺳـﺎﻟﻴﺐ ﺟﺪﻳﺪة ﻟﻠﻌﻤﻞ ﻣـﻊ ﺑﻴﺎﻧـﺎت ﺗﻠﺴـﻜﻮب وﻳـﺐ ﻟﺘﺤﺪﻳﺪ اﻷﻏﻠﻔﺔ اﻟﺠﻮﻳﺔ واﻟﺒﻴﺌـﺎت اﻟﺴـﻄﺤﻴﺔ ا ُﺤﺘﻤﻠﺔ ﻟﻠﻜﻮ ا ﻛﺐ ﻣﻦ ﻏ ا ُﺮ ﺟﺢ أن ﻳﻜـﻮن ﺛﺎﻧﻲ أﻛﺴﻴﺪ اﻟﻜﺮﺑﻮن ﺴﻴﻄﺮ ﻫﻮ ا اﻟ ﻋﲆ ﻐﻼف اﻟﺠﻮي ﻟ ﻠﻜﻮﻛﺐ ﰲ ﻧﻈﺎم ﺗﺮاﺑﻴﺴﺖ - 1 ﺑﺨﻼف ﻣﺎﻧﺮاه ﰲ اﻟﺰﻫﺮة ذي اﻟﻐﻼف اﻟﺴ ﻤﻴﻚ او ا ﺮﻳﺦ ذي اﻟﻐﻼف اﻟﺠﻮي اﻟﺮﻗﻴﻖ . ﻳﺸ اﻟﺒﺎﺣﺜﻮن أﻳﻀ ﺎً إﱃ ﻋﺪم وﺟﻮد أي أوﺟﻪ ﺗﺸﺎﺑﻪ ﻣ ﺒﺎﴍة ﻣﻊ ﻧﻈﺎﻣﻨﺎ اﻟ . ﺸﻤﴘـ ﻗﺎﻟﺖ ﻧﻴﻜﻮل ﻟﻮﻳﺲ ﻋﻀﻮ اﻟﻔﺮﻳﻖ واﻷﺳـﺘﺎذة ا ﺴﺎﻋﺪة ﰲ ﻋﻠﻢ اﻟﻔﻠﻚ ﺑﺠﺎﻣﻌﺔ ﻛﻮرﻧﻴـﻞ " : إن ﻧﺠﻢ ﺗﺮاﺑﻴﺴﺖ -1 ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺗﻤﺎﻣﺎ ﻋﻦ اﻟ ﺸﻤﺲ وﺑﺎﻟﺘﺎﱄ ﻓﺈن اﻟﻨﻈـﺎم اﻟﻜـﻮﻛ ﺒﻲ ا ﺤـﻴﻂ ﺑـﻪ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺗﻤﺎﻣﺎً أﻳﻀﺎً ﻣﻤـﺎ ﻳﺘﺤـﺪى ﻛـﻼً ﻣـﻦ اﻓﱰاﺿﺎﺗﻨﺎ اﻟﺮﺻﺪﻳﺔ واﻟ ﻨﻈﺮﻳﺔ ." ﻳﻘﻮل اﻟﺒـﺎﺣﺜﻮن إذا و ﺟـﺪ ﻣـﺎء ﺳـﺎﺋﻞ ﻋـﲆ اﻟﻜﻮﻛ ـﺐ إي ﻓﺴ ـﻴﻜﻮن ﻣﺼ ـﺤﻮﺑ ﺎً ﺑﺘ ـﺄﺛ اﻻﺣﺘﺒﺎس اﻟﺤـﺮاري ﺣﻴـﺚ ﺗﺤـﺎﻓﻆ ﻏـﺎزات ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ وﺧﺎﺻﺔ ﺛﺎﻧﻲ أﻛﺴﻴ ﺪ اﻟﻜﺮﺑـﻮن ﻋـﲆ ا ﺳـﺘﻘﺮار اﻟﻐ ـﻼف اﻟﺠــﻮي ودفء اﻟﻜﻮﻛ ـﺐ وأﺿـﺎﻓﺖ ﻟ ـﻮﻳﺲ " : إن اﻟﻘﻠﻴ ـﻞ ﻣ ـﻦ ﺗ ـﺄﺛ اﻻﺣﺘﺒ ـﺎس اﻟﺤ ـﺮاري ﻳُﺴ ـﻬﻢ ﰲ ذﻟ ـﻚ ، وﻻ " ﺗﺴﺘﺒﻌﺪ اﻟﻘﻴﺎﺳﺎت وﺟﻮد ﻛﻤﻴـﺔ ﻛﺎﻓﻴـﺔ ﻣـﻦ اﻻﺣﺘﺒﺎس اﻟﺤﺮاري ﻳﺴﻬﻢ ﰲ ذﻟﻚ وﻻ ﺗﺴﺘﺒﻌﺪ اﻟﻘﻴﺎﺳﺎت وﺟﻮد ﻛﻤﻴﺔ ﻛﺎﻓﻴﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺛﺎﻧﻲ أﻛﺴﻴﺪ اﻟﻜﺮﺑﻮن ﻟﻠﺤﻔﺎظ ﻋﲆ ﺑﻌﺾ ا ﺎء ﻋﲆ اﻟﺴﻄﺢ اﻟﻜﻮﻛﺐ . ووﻓﻘًﺎ ﻟﺘﺤﻠﻴـﻞ اﻟﻔﺮﻳـﻖ ﻳﻤﻜـﻦ أن ﻳﺄﺧﺬ ا ـﺎء ﺷـﻜﻞ ﻣﺤـﻴﻂ ﻋـﺎ ﻲ أو ﻳﻐﻄـﻲ ﻣﺴﺎﺣﺔ أﺻﻐﺮ ﻋـﲆ اﻟﻜﻮﻛـﺐ ﺣﻴـﺚ ﻳﻜـﻮن ﺟﺎﻧﺐ اﻟﻜﻮﻛﺐ ا ﻮ ا ﻠﻨﻟﺟﻪ ﺠﻢ ﰲ ﺣﺎﻟـﺔ ﻧﻬـﺎر داﺋﻢ ﺎﻟﺠﻠﻴﺪ ﺑ ﺤﻴﻂﻳ ﺑﻴﻨﻤﺎ اﻟﺠﺎﻧﺐ ا ﻈﻠﻢ ﻣﻨﻪ وﻳﻌﻮد ذﻟﻚ ﻷﺣﺠﺎم ﻛﻮاﻛﺐ ﻧﻈﺎم ﺗﺮاﺑﻴﺴﺖ -1 وﻗﺮب ﻣﺪاراﺗﻬﺎ ﻣﻦ اﻟ ذ إ ﻨﺠﻢ ﻳﻌﺘﻘﺪ أن ﺎً ﺟﻤﻴﻌ ﺤﺑ ﺎً ﻳار ﻣﺪ ة ﻣﻘﻴﺪ ﻴﺚ ﻳﻮاﺟﻪ أﺣﺪ ﺟﻮاﻧـﺐ ﻛـﻞ ﻛﻮاﻛﺐ اﻟﻨﺠﻢ داﺋﻤ ﺎً ﺑﻴﻨﻤﺎ ﻳﺒﻘﻰ اﻟﺠﺎﻧﺐ اﻵﺧﺮ ﺎً ﻣﻈﻠﻤـ . ﺎً داﺋﻤــ ﻳﻘـﻮد إﺳـﺒﻴﻨﻮزا واﻟﺒﺎﺣﺜ ـﺔ اﻟﺮﺋﻴﺴﻴﺔ ا ﺸﺎرﻛﺔ ﻧﺎﺗﺎﱄ أ ﻟـ ﻣـﻦ ﺟﺎﻣﻌـ ﺔ ﺟﻮﻧﺰ ﻫﻮﺑﻜﻨﺰ ﻓﺮﻳﻘ ﺎً ﻳﺠﺮي ﺣﺎﻟﻴـ ﺎً ﻣﺮاﻗﺒـﺎت إﺿﺎﻓﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﻜﻮﻛﺐ إي ﺑﻠﻤﺴﺔ اﺑﺘﻜﺎرﻳﺔ . ﻳ ﺤﺪد اﻟﻌﻠﻤﺎء ﺗﻮﻗﻴﺖ اﻟﺮﺻـﺪ ﺑﺤﻴـﺚ ﻳﻠـﺘﻘﻂ ﺗﻠﺴﻜﻮب وﻳﺐ ﻛﻼ اﻟﻜﻮﻛ ﺒ أﺛﻨﺎء ﻣﺮورﻫﻤـﺎ ﺣﻮل اﻟﻨﺠﻢ واﺣﺪ اً ﺗﻠﻮ اﻵﺧـﺮ . ﺑﻌـﺪ ﻋﻤﻠﻴـﺎت اﻟ ﺮﺻﺪ اﻟﺴﺎﺑﻘﺔ ﻟﻠﻜﻮﻛﺐ ﺑﻲ اﻷﻗﺮب إﱃ اﻟﻨﺠﻢ ﻳﺮﺟﺢ و اﻟﻌﻠﻤـﺎء إﱃ ﺣـﺪٍ ﻛﺒـ أﻧـﻪ ﻛﻮﻛـﺐ يﺻﺨﺮ ﻣﻜﺸﻮف ﺑﺪون ﻏﻼف ﺟﻮي ﻣﺎ ﻳﻌﻨﻲ أن اﻹﺷﺎرات اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﻢ اﺳﺘﻘﺒﺎﻟﻬﺎ أﺛﻨـﺎء ﻋﺒـﻮر اﻟﻜﻮﻛﺐ ﺑﻲ ﻳﻤﻜﻦ أن ﺗُﻨﺴﺐ إﱃ اﻟﻨﺠﻢ ﻓﻘـﻂ، ﻳﻤ ﻜ ـﻦ ان ﺗﻨﺴـﺐ إﱃ اﻟ ـﻨﺠﻢ ﻓﻘ ـﻂ اً وﻧﻈﺮ ﻷن ﻋﺒﻮر اﻟﻜﻮﻛـﺐ إي ﻳﺤـﺪث اﻟﻮﻗﺖ ﰲ ﻧﻔﺴﻪ ﺗﻘﺮﻳﺒ ﺎً ﻓﺎن ﻣﺴـﺘﻮى اﻟ ﺘﻌﻘﻴﺪ اﻟﻨﺎﺗﺞ ﻋﻦ ات ﺗﻐـ ﺳـﻄﻮع اﻟﻨﺠﻢ اﻗﻞ ﺳﻴﻜﻮن . ﻗﺎم وﻗﺪ اﻟﻌﻠﻤـﺎء ﺑﻤﻘﺎرﻧـﺔ ﺑﻴﺎﻧـﺎت اﻟﻜـﻮﻛﺒ ﺑﺤﻴـﺚ ﻳﻤﻜﻦ أي ﻣﺆﴍات ﻋﲆ وﺟـﻮد ﻣـﻮاد ﻳﻤﻜﻦ ﻋﺰو أي ﻣـﺆﴍات ﻋـ ﻛﻴﻤﻴﺎﺋﻴﺔ ﺗﻈﻬﺮ ﻓﻘﻂ ﰲ ﻃﻴﻒ اﻟﻜﻮﻛﺐ إﱃ إي ﻏ ﻼﻓﻪ اﻟﺠﻮي . وﻗﺎﻟﺖ آﻧﺎ ﻏﻠﻴﺪن ﺑﺎﺣﺜﺔ ﻣﺎ ﺑﻌﺪ اﻟﺪﻛﺘﻮراه ﰲ ﻣﻌﻬﺪ ﻛﺎﻓﲇ ﻟﻠﻔﻴﺰﻳـﺎء اﻟﻔﻠﻜﻴـﺔ وأﺑﺤﺎث اﻟﻔﻀﺎء اﻟﺘﺎ ﺑﻊ ﻌﻬﺪ ﻣﺎﺳﺎﺗﺸﻮﺳﺘﺲ ﻟﻠﺘﻜﻨﻮﻟﻮﺟﻴﺎ واﻟﺘﻲ ﻗﺎدت اﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﺣﻮل اﻟﻐﻼف اﻟﺠﻮي ا ﺤﺘﻤﻞ ﻟﻜﻮاﻛﺐ ﻧﻈﺎم ﺗﺮاﺑﻴﺴـﺖ -1 : " ﻣﺎ زﻟﻨﺎ ﰲ ا ﺮاﺣﻞ اﻷوﱃ ﻣﻦ اﻛﺘﺸـﺎف ﻧـﻮع اﻟﻌﻠ ﺘﻲاﻟ ﻮم ﻳﻤﻜﻨﻨﺎ اﻟﻘﻴـﺎم ﺑﻬـ ﺎ ﺑﺎﺳـﺘﺨﺪام ﺗﻠﺴﻜﻮب . وﻳﺐ ﻣـﻦ اﻟﺮاﺋـﻊ أ ﻦﻜ ن ﻧـﺘﻤ ﻣـﻦ ﻗﻴﺎس ﺗﻔﺎﺻﻴﻞ ﺿﻮء اﻟﻨﺠﻮم ﺣـﻮل ﻛﻮاﻛـﺐ ﺑﺤﺠﻢ اﻷرض ﺒﻌﺪ ﺗ ﻧﺤـﻮ 40 ﺳـﻨﺔ ﺿـﻮﺋﻴﺔ واﻟﺘﺴﺎؤل ﻛﻴﻒ ﻳﻤﻜﻦ أن ﺗﻜﻮن ﻫﻨـﺎك ﺣﻴـﺎة إذا ﻛﺎﻧﺖ اﻟﺤﻴﺎة ﻣﻤﻜﻨﺔ ". ﻓﻌﻼً وأﺿﺎﻓﺖ إن : " ﻫﺬه اﻟ ﺪراﺳﺎت ﺗﻌﺪ ﺑﺈﺟﺎﺑﺎت ﻣﺤﺘﻤﻠﺔ ﻋﲆ ﺑﻌﺾٍ أﻗﺪم اﻷﺳﺌﻠﺔ اﻟﺘﻲ ﻃﺮﺣ ﻬﺎ اﻹ : ﻣﺜﻞ ﻧﺴﺎن ﻫﻞ ﻧﺤﻦ وﺣﺪﻧﺎ ﰲ اﻟﻜﻮن؟ وﻣﻊ اﻟ ﺘﻄﻮر ا ﺴﺘﻤﺮ دوات ﻷ اﻟﺮﺻﺪ ﻣﺜﻞ ﺗﻠﺴﻜﻮب ﺘﺎح ﻓﺮص ﺳﺘ وﻳﺐ ﻏـ ﻣﺴـﺒﻮﻗﺔ ﻟﻔﺤـﺺ اﻟ ﻌﻮاﻟﻢ ﺑﻌﻴﺪة ﺑﻤﺴﺘﻮى ﻣﻦ اﻟﺪﻗﺔ و اﻟﺘﻔﺼـﻴﻞ ﻟﻢ ﻳﻜﻦ ﻣﻤﻜ ا ﺎﴈ ﰲ ﺎً ﻨ ﻓ ﻜﻞ اﻛﺘﺸﺎف ﺟﺪﻳﺪ ﻳ ﻘﺮﺑﻨﺎ ﺧﻄـﻮة ﻧﺤـﻮ ﻓﻬـﻢ ﺗﻨـﻮع اﻟﻜﻮاﻛـﺐ واﺣﺘﻤﺎﻻت وﺟﻮد ﺣ ﻴﺎة . ﰲ اﻟﻜﻮن ﻧﻮﻓﻤﺒﺮ - ﺩﻳﺴﻤﺒﺮ 2 0 2 5