Free Astronomy Magazine November-December 2025 ARABIC VERSION

S Webb looks at TRAPPIST-1e byNASA/ESA/CSA LeahRamsay5HannahBraun cientistsareinthemidstofob- servingtheexoplanet TRAPPIST- 1 e with NASA’s James Webb Space Telescope. Careful analysis of the results so far presents several potential scenarios for what the planet’s atmosphere and surfacemay be like, as NASA science mis- sions lay key groundwork to answer the question, “are we alone in the universe?” “Webb’s infrared instru- ments are giving us more detailthan we’ve ever had access to be- fore, and the initial four observa- tions we’ve been able to make of planet e are showing us what wewill have to work with when therest of the information comes in,” said Néstor Espinoza of the Space TelescopeScienceInstituteinBalti- more, Maryland, a principal investi- gatorontheresearchteam.Twosci- entific papers detailing the team’s initial results are published in The Astrophysical Journal Letters . OfthesevenEarth-sizedworldsor- bitingthereddwarfstarTRAPPIST- 1, planet e is of particular interest because it orbits the star at a dis- tancewherewateronthesurfaceis theoretically possible — not too hot, not too cold — but only if the planet has an atmosphere. That’s whereWebbcomesin.Researchers aimed the telescope’s powerful NIR- Spec (Near-Infrared Spectrograph) instrumentatthesystemasplanete transited, or passed in front of, its star. Starlight passing through the planet’satmosphere,ifthereis one, will be partially absorbed, and the corresponding dips in the light spec- trum that reaches Webb will tell astronomers what chemicals are found there. With each additional transit, the atmospheric contents become clearer as more data is col- lected. Though multiple possibilities remain open for planet e because only four transits have been ana- lyzed so far, the researchers feel confident that the planet does not still have its primary, or original, at- mosphere. TRAPPIST-1 is a very ac- tive star, with frequent flares, so it is not surprising to researchers that any hydrogen-helium atmosphere with which the planet may have formed would have been strippedoff by stellar radiation. NOVEMBER-DECEMBER2025 ﺔ ﻣﺠﻠ FreeAstronomy ﺎﻟﻌﺮ ﺔ و ﺐ ﻳﺮﺻﺪ اﻟ ﻮﻛﺐ ﺗﺮاﺑ ﺴﺖ – 1e : ﻘﻠﻢ ﻟ ﺎ راﻣﺰي و ﻫﺎﻧﺎ ﺑﺮاون ﻣﺼﻔﻮﻓﺔ ﻣﺮﺻﺪ أﻟﻤﺎ اﻟﺮادﻳﻮي ﻌﻜـﻒ ﻋﻠﻤ ـﺎء اﻟﻔﻠــﻚ ﻋــﲆ رﺻـﺪ ﻛﻮﻛ ـﺐ ﺗﺮاﺑﻴﺴﺖ -1 إي ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪام ﺗﻠﺴﻜﻮب ﺟـﻴﻤﺲ وﻳﺐ اﻟﻔﻀﺎﺋﻲ اﻟﺘﺎﺑﻊ ﻟ ﻮﻛﺎﻟﺔ ﻴﺚ ﻳﻘﺪم ﺣ ﻧﺎﺳﺎ اﻟﺘﺤﻠﻴـﻞ اﻟـﺪﻗﻴﻖ ﻟﻠﺒﻴﺎﻧـﺎت ﺣﺘـﻰ اﻵن ﻋـﺪة ﺳﻴﻨﺎرﻳﻮﻫﺎت ﻣﺤﺘﻤﻠﺔ ﻟﻄﺒﻴﻌﺔ ﻏﻼﻓﻪ اﻟﺠﻮي وﺳﻄﺤﻪ ﺣﻴـﺚ ﺗﺴـﻬﻢ ﻫـﺬه ا ﻼﺣﻈـﺎت ﰲ ﺗﺮﺳﻴﺦ اﻷﺳﺲ اﻟﻌﻠﻤﻴـﺔ ﻟﻺﺟﺎﺑـﺔ ﻋـﻦ اﺣـﺪ أﻋﻤﻖ اﻷﺳﺌﻠﺔ : ﻫﻞ ﻧﺤﻦ وﺣـﺪﻧﺎ ﰲ اﻟﻜـﻮن؟ ﻗـﺎل ﻧﻴﺴـﺘﻮر إﺳــﺒﻴﻨﻮزا ﻣـﻦ ﻣﻌﻬـﺪ ﻋﻠـﻮم ﺗﻠﺴﻜﻮب اﻟﻔ ﻀﺎء ﰲ ﺑﺎﻟﺘﻴﻤﻮر ﺑﻮﻻﻳﺔ ﻣﺎر ﻳﻼﻧﺪ اﻟو ﺒﺎﺣﺚ رﺋﻴ ـ ﴘ ﰲ ﻓﺮﻳﻖ اﻟ ﺪراﺳـﺔ " : ﺗﺘـﻴﺢ أﺟﻬﺰة ﺗﻠﺴﻜﻮب وﻳﺐ اﻟﻌﺎﻣﻠﺔ ﺑﺎﻷﺷﻌﺔ ﺗﺤﺖ اﻟﺤﻤﺮاء ﺗﻔﺎﺻﻴﻞ أدق ﻣﻤﺎ اﻣﺘﻠﻜﻨﺎه ﻣﻦ ﻗﺒـﻞ وﺗﻈﻬﺮ ﻟﻨﺎ ا ﻼﺣﻈـﺎت اﻷرﺑـﻊ اﻷوﻟﻴـﺔ اﻟﺘـﻲ أﺟﺮﻳﻨﺎﻫﺎ ﻟﻠﻜﻮﻛﺐ ﻣﺎ ﻳﻤﻜﻨﻨﺎ اﻟﻌﻤﻖ ﻓﻴﻪ ﻋﻨـﺪ وﺻﻮل ﺑﻘﻴﺔ ا ﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎت ـﺸ وﻗﺪ ﻧ ﺮت ورﻗﺘـﺎن ﻋﻠﻤﻴﺘ ـﺎن ﺗﻔﺼـ ﻫ ـﺬه ن ﻼ اﻟﻨﺘ ـﺎﺋﺞ اﻷوﻟﻴ ـﺔ ـــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــ ﰲ ﻣﺠﻠﺔ رﺳﺎ ﺋﻞ اﻟﻔﻴﺰﻳﺎء اﻟﻔﻠﻜﻴﺔ ﻳﻌﺪ . اﻟﻜﻮﻛﺐ ﺗﺮاﺑﻴﺴﺖ -1e واﺣﺪاً ﻣﻦ ﺳﺒﻌﺔ ﻋﻮاﻟﻢ ﺷﺒﻴﻬﻪ ﺑ ﺎﻷرض ﰲ ﺣﺠﻤﻬﺎ و ﺗﺪور ﺣـﻮل ﻧﺠـﻢ ﻗـﺰم أﺣﻤﺮ ﻳﻌـﺮف ﺑﺎﺳـﻢ ﺗﺮاﺑﻴﺴـﺖ -1 ذو وﻫـﻮ أﻫﻤﻴﺔ ﺧﺎﺻﺔ ﻷﻧﻪ ﻳﺪور ﰲ ﻧﻄﺎق ﻓﻠﻜـﻲ ﻗـﺪ ﻳﺴﻤﺢ ﺑ ﻧﻈﺮﻳﺎ ﻮﺟﻮد ﻣﺎء ﺳﺎﺋﻞ ﻋﲆ ﺳـﻄﺤﻪ أي ﰲ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﺔ ﻻ ﺗﻜﻮن ﻓﻴﻬﺎ اﻟﺤﺮارة ﻣﺮﺗﻔﻌﻪ أو ﻣﻨﺨﻔ ﻀـﺔ ﻟﻠﻐﺎﻳـﺔ وﻫـﺬا ﻳﻌﺘﻤـﺪ ﺑﺸـﻜﻞ أﺳﺎﳼ ﻋﲆ ﻣﺎ إذا ﻛﺎن ﻟﻠﻜﻮﻛﺐ ﻏﻼف ﺟـﻮي وﻫﻨﺎ ﻣﺎ ﻳﺴﻌﻰ ﺗﻠﺴـﻜﻮب وﻳـﺐ ﻻﻛﺘﺸـﺎﻓﻪ . وﻟﺘﺤﻘﻴﻖ ذﻟﻚ وﺟّﻪ اﻟﺒﺎﺣﺜﻮن ﺟﻬﺎز ﻧ ﺳﺒﻴﻚ ) ﻣﻄﻴﺎف اﻷﺷﻌﺔ ﺗﺤﺖ اﻟﺤﻤﺮاء اﻟﻘﺮﻳﺒﺔ ﻧﺤﻮ ( اﻟﻨﻈﺎم أﺛﻨـﺎء ﻋﺒـﻮر اﻟﻜﻮﻛـﺐ أﻣـﺎم ﻧﺠﻤـﻪ ﻓﻌﻨﺪﻣﺎ ﻳﻤﺮ ﺿﻮء اﻟﻨﺠ ﻢ ﻋﱪ اﻟﻐﻼف اﻟﺠـﻮي ﻟﻠﻜﻮﻛﺐ ) إن وﺟﺪ ( ﺗﻤﺘﺺ ﺑﻌـﺾ اﻟﺠﺰﻳﺌـﺎت أﻃﻮﻻ ﻣﻮﺟﻴﺔ ﻣﺤﺪدة ﻣـﻦ اﻟﻀـﻮء وﺑﺘﺤﻠﻴـﻞ اﻻﻧﺨﻔﺎﺿﺎت ﰲ ﻃﻴﻒ اﻟﻀﻮء اﻟـﺬي ﻳﺼـﻞ إﱃ ـــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــ ﺗﻠﺴﻜﻮب وﻳﺐ ﺳﻴﺘﻤﻜﻦ اﻟ ﻌﻠﻤﺎء ﻣـﻦ ﺗﺤﺪﻳـﺪ اﻟﱰﻛﻴﺐ اﻟﻜﻴﻤﻴﺎﺋﻲ ﻟﻠﻐﻼف اﻟﺠـﻮي ﻟﻠﻜﻮﻛـﺐ و ﻣﻊ ﻛﻞ ﻋﺒﻮر إﺿﺎﰲ ﺗﺼﺒﺢ ﻣﻜﻮﻧﺎت اﻟﻐﻼف اﻟﺠﻮي أﻛﺜﺮ وﺿﻮﺣﺎ ﻣـﻊ ﺟﻤـﻊ ا ﺰﻳـﺪ ﻣـﻦ اﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧـﺎت وﻣـﻊ ذﻟـﻚ ﻳﺒـﺪي اﻟﺒـﺎﺣﺜ ﻮن ﺛﻘـﺔ ﻣﺘﺰاﻳﺪة ﰲ أن اﻟﻜﻮﻛﺐ ﺗﺮاﺑﻴﺴﺖ -1e ﻳﻔﺘﻘﺮ إﱃ ﻏﻼﻓﻪ اﻟﺠﻮي اﻷﺻﲇ ﻳ. ﻌﺪ ﺗﺮاﺑﻴﺴﺖ -1 ﺎً ﻧﺠﻤ ﻗﺰﻣﺎً اﺣﻤﺮ ﻧﺸﻄﺎً ﻟﻠﻐﺎﻳﺔ ﺗﺼﺪر ﻋﻨﻪ ﺗﻮﻫﺠﺎت ﻣﺘﻜﺮرة وﺷﺪﻳﺪة و ﻟﻚﻟﺬ ﻟﻴﺲ ﻣﻦ ا ﺴﺘﻐﺮب أن أ ﻳﻜﻮن ي ﻏﻼف ﺟﻮي ﺑﺪاﺋﻲ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻬﻴﺪروﺟ ﻮم ﻴ واﻟﻬﻠ وﻫﻮ اﻟﻨﻮع اﻟﺬي ﻳﺘﻜﻮن ﻋـﺎدة ﻣـﻊ ﻧﺸﺄة اﻟﻜﻮﻛﺐ ﺗﻌـﺮض ﻗﺪ ﻟﻠ ﺘﺠﺮﻳـﺪ واﻹزاﻟـﺔ ﺑﻔﻌﻞ اﻹﺷﻌﺎع اﻟﻨﺠﻤـﻲ ﺗ . ﻌـﺪ ﻫـﺬه اﻟﻨﺘـﺎﺋﺞ ﺧﻄﻮة أوﱃ ﻓﻘﻂ ﺿﻤﻦ اﻷرﺻﺎد ا ﺴـﺘﻘﺒﻠﻴﺔ ﻟﻔﻬﻢ ﻃﺒﻴﻌﺔ ﻫﺬا اﻟﻌﺎﻟﻢ اﻟﻐﺎﻣﺾ ﻟ ﻜﺸﻒ أدﻟﺔ ﺣﻮل إﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴـﺔ وﺟـﻮد ﻏـﻼف ﺟـﻮي ﺛـﺎﻧﻮي ورﺑ ﻤﺎ إﺷﺎرات ﺗُﺸ إﱃ ﻗﺎﺑﻠﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﺤﻴﺎة . 50 ﻧﻮﻓﻤﺒﺮ - ﺩﻳﺴﻤﺒﺮ 2 0 2 5