Free Astronomy Magazine November-December 2025 ARABIC VERSION

to play a crucial role in how disks evolveandcreateplanets,butuntil now, no one had been able to un- ambiguously map their presence andstructuredirectlyinadisklike TWHya’s.Previoussearcheslooked formagneticfieldsbydetecting hisartist'simpres- sion of magneticfields threading TW Hydrae’s protoplane- tary disk shows a change in morphol- ogy as they encounter gapsandstructuresin the disk, suggesting a direct link between magnetic fields and the sculpting of planet-forming re- gions. [NSF/AUI/NSF NRAO/M. Weiss] specificpatternsofpolarizedlight, but those signals are exceedingly faint and easily lost amid other ef- fects.Teagueandcolleaguesexam- ined the broadening of specific radio signals—the fingerprints of moleculesswirlinginthedisk— 49 measured by ALMA. By decoding subtlechangesinlightfromtheCN molecule, the team could spot the signature widening caused by mag- netic field interactions, a phenome- non known as the Zeeman Effect. The scientists’ analysis revealed magneticfieldsasstrongas10mil- ligauss—a thousand times weaker thanarefrigeratormagnet,butim- mense on planet-forming scales— threadingthediskbetween60and 120 astronomical units (AU) from the star (one AU is the distance fromEarthtotheSun).Intriguingly, thefield’sstructurechangesatalo- cationwhereaprominentgapslices through the disk, suggesting a di- rectlinkbetweenmagneticactivity andthesculptingofplanet-forming regions. “Thepresenceandpattern ofthesefieldslookremarkablylike the kind that may have threaded thesolarnebulaasourownplanets wereforming,” saidTeague, “Thisis thebestlookwe’veeverhadatthe invisible hand shaping the birth- places of new worlds.” This ap- proach opens a new window onto questions that have puzzled scien- tists for decades: how do magnetic fields drive the evolution of disks? How do they influence which plan- ets form and where? As telescopes and instruments grow more sensi- tive, astronomers hope to apply these techniques to many more disks. “We are entering an era where we can finally see the mag- netic blueprints that help build new planetary systems,” adds Teague. ImprovementstoALMA,liketheup- coming Wideband Sensitivity Up- grade, have been designed to do exactly this, “Our findings show that what has been promised with the upgrade will be possible on a grand scale.” This research is a major leap toward understanding not just how planets form around otherstars,buthowourowncosmic neighborhoodcametobe.     NOVEMBER-DECEMBER2025 T ﻋﲆ ﻧﻄﺎق واﺳﻊ أن ا ﺠـﺎﻻت ا ﻐﻨﺎﻃﻴﺴـﻴﺔ ﺗﻠﻌﺐ دور أ اً ﺳﺎﺳﻴﺎً ﰲ ﻛﻴ ﻔﻴﺔ ﺗﻄﻮر اﻷﻗـﺮاص اﻟﻨﺠﻤﻴﺔ ﻣﻤﺎ ﻳﺆﺛﺮ ﻋﲆ ﺗﻜﻮﻳﻦ اﻟﻜﻮاﻛﺐ وﻣـﻊ ذﻟﻚ ﻟﻢ ﻳﺘﻤﻜﻦ اﻟﻌﻠﻤﺎء ﺣﺘـﻰ اﻵن ﻣـﻦ رﺳـﻢ ﺧﺮﻳﻄﺔ واﺿﺤﺔ ا ﻟﻬﺎ وﺑﻨﻴﺘﻬﺎ ﺑﺸﻜﻞ ﻣﺒﺎﴍﰲ اﻷﻗﺮاص اﻟﻨﺠﻤﻴﺔ ﻣﺜﻞ TWHya . ﰲ اﻟﺪراﺳﺎت اﻟﺴﺎﺑﻘﺔ ﻋﻦ ا ﺠﺎﻻت ا ﻬﻌﺎﺑﻲ . 49 رﺳــﻢ ﺗﺨ ﻠــﻲ ﻈﻬــﺮ اﻟـــﺤﻘﻮل اﻟﻤﻐﻨﺎﻃ ﺴـــــ ﺔ وﻫـــــﻲ ﺗﺨـــــ ق اﻷوﻟﻲ اﻟﻘﺮص اﻟ ﻮﻛ ﻟﻠﻨ ﻢ TW Hydrae اﻟ وﻳﺒــــ ﺘﻐــــ ﺷـــ ﻞ ﻓـــﻲ ﻫـــﺬﻩ اﻟــــﺤﻘﻮل ﻋﻨـــﺪ ﻣﺮورﻫــــــــــﺎ ـــــــــــﺎﻟ ﻔﺠﻮات ـــــــــــ واﻟ داﺧـــﻞ اﻟﻘـــﺮصﻣﻤـــﺎ ﺸـــ إﻟـــﻰ وﺟــــــــــﻮد ــــــــــﺎط ار ﻣ ﺎﺷــــــــــﺮﺑــــــــــ ا ﻘـــﻮل اﻟﻤﻐﻨﺎﻃ ﺴـــ ﺔ وﻧﺤـــﺖ ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ ﺗ ﺸ ﻞ اﻟ ﻮاﻛﺐ . [NSF/AUI/NSF NRAO/M. Weiss] اﻟﺴـﺎﺑﻘﺔ ﺣــﺎول اﻟﻌﻠﻤ ـﺎء رﺻـﺪ ا ﺠ ـﺎﻻت ا ﻐﻨﺎﻃﻴﺴــﻴﺔ ﻣ ـﻦ ﺧ ـﻼل أﻧﻤــﺎط اﻟﻀ ـﻮء ا ﺴﺘﻘﻄﺐ ﻏـ أن ﻫـﺬه اﻹﺷـﺎرات ﺧﺎﻓﺘـﺔ ﻟﻠﻐﺎﻳﺔ وﺳﻬﻠﺔ اﻟﻀﻴﺎع وﺳﻂ ﺗﺄﺛ ات أﺧﺮى . اﻣﺎ ﰲ ﻫﺬا اﻟﺒﺤﺚ اﻟﺠﺪﻳﺪ ﻓﻘﺪ اﺗﺒـﻊ اﻟـﺪﻛﺘﻮر ﻎﺗﻴ وﻓﺮﻳﻘﺔ ﻧﻬﺠﺎً ﻣﻨﺨﺘﻠﻔﺎً اذ ﻗﺎﻣﻮا ﺑﺪراﺳﺔ اﺗﺴﺎع إﺷﺎرات اﻟﺮادﻳﻮ اﻟﺪﻗﻴﻘﺔ ﻛـﻢ رﺻـﺪﻫﺎ أ ـﺎ ﻣﺮﺻـﺪ و ﻣـﻦ ﺧـﻼل ﺗﺤﻠﻴـﻞ اﻟﺘﻐـ ات اﻟﻄﻔﻴﻔﺔ ﺟﺪاً ﰲ اﻟﻀﻮء اﻟﺼﺎدر ﻣـﻦ ﺟـﺰيء اﻟﺴﻴﺎﻧﻴﺪ ﺗﻤﻜﻦ اﻟﻔﺮﻳﻖ ﻣﻦ رﺻـﺪ اﻻﻧﻔﺼـﺎل اﻟﻄﻴﻔـﻲ ا ﻤﻴـﺰ اﻟﻨـﺎﺗﺞ ﻋـﻦ ﺗﻔﺎﻋـﻞ ﻫـﺬه اﻟﺠﺰﻳﺌﺎت ﻣـﻊ ا ﺠـﺎل ا ﻐﻨﺎﻃـ ﴘﻴـ وﻫـﻲ ﻇﺎﻫﺮة ﺗُﻌﺮف ﺑﺎﺳﻢ ﺗﺄﺛ زﻳﻤﺎن . ﻛﺸﻒ ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻞ ﻓﺮﻳﻖ ﺗﻴﻎ ﻋـﻦ وﺟـﻮد ﺣﻘـﻮل ﻣﻐﻨﺎﻃﻴﺴﻴﺔ ﺗﺒﻠـﻖ ﺗﻬـﺎ ﻗﻮ 10 ﺎوس ﺟـ ﻣـﲇ وﻫﻲ أﺿﻌﻒ ﺑﺄﻟﻒ ﻣﺮة ﻣﻦ ﻗـﻮة ﻣﻐﻨـﺎﻃﻴﺲ ا ﻟﺜﻼﺟﺔ ﻟﻜﻨﻬﺎ ﺗﻌﺪ ﻫﺎﺋﻠﺔ ﻋﲆ ﻣﻘﺎﻳﻴﺲ ﺗﻜﻮﻳﻦ اﻟﻜﻮاﻛﺐ . ﺗﻤﺘﺪ ﻫﺬه اﻟﺤﻘﻮل ا ﻐﻨﺎﻃﻴﺴﻴﺔ ﻋﱪ ﻗﺮص TW Hydrae ﻋﲆ ﻣﺴﺎﻓﺎت ﺗﱰاوح ﺑ 60 و 120 وﺣﺪة ﻓﻠﻜﻴﺔ ﻣﻦ اﻟـﻨﺠﻢ ) اﻟﻮﺣـﺪة اﻟﻔﻠﻜﻴﺔ اﻟﻮاﺣﺪة ﻫﻲ ا ﺴﺎﻓﺔ ﻣـﻦ اﻷرض إﱃ اﻟﺸـﻤﺲ .( اﻷﻣـﺮ اﻟﻼﻓـﺖ أن ﺑﻨﻴـﺔ اﻟﺤﻘـﻞ ا ﻐﻨﺎﻃﻴﴘ ﺗﺘﻐ ﰲ ا ﻮاﻗﻊ اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﻈﻬﺮ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﻓﺠﻮات داﺧﻞ اﻟﻘﺮص ﻣﻤـﺎ ﻳﺸـ إﱃ وﺟـﻮد ﻋﻼﻗﺔ ﻣﺒـﺎﴍة ﺑـ اﻟﻨﺸـﺎط ا ﻐﻨﺎ ﻴﴘ ـﻃـ ا وﻧﺤﺖ ﻨﺎﻃﻖ اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﺘﺸﻜﻞ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ اﻟﻜﻮاﻛﺐ . : "ﻎ ﻗﺎل ﺗﻴ ﻳﺒﺪو وﺟﻮد ﻫﺬه اﻟﺤﻘﻮل وﻧﻤﻄﻬـﺎ ﺎً ﻣﺸﺎﺑﻬ ﺑﺸﻜﻞ اﻟ ﻟﺘﻠﻚ ﻣﺬﻫﻞ ﺘﻲ رﺑﻤـﺎ تﻣـﺮ ﻋﱪ اﻟﺴﺪ ﻳﻢ اﻟﺸﻤﴘ أﺛﻨـﺎء ﺗﺸـﻜﻞ ﻛﻮ اﻛـﺐ ﻧﻈﺎﻣﻨﺎ اﻟﺸﻤﴘ ." ﻫﺬه أﻓﻀﻞ ﻧﻈﺮة ﺣﺼـﻠﻨﺎ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﻋﲆ اﻹﻃﻼق ﻟﻠﻴﺪ اﻟﺨﻔﻴﺔ اﻟﺘـﻲ ﺗﺸـﻜﻞ أﻣﺎﻛﻦ ﻣﻴﻼد اﻟ اﻟ ﻌﻮاﻟﻢ ﻳﻌﺪ ". ﺪة ﺠﺪﻳ ﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﻫﺬا ﻓﺘﺤﺎ ﻋﻠﻤﻴﺎً ﺟﺪﻳﺪاً ﻋﲆ أﺳﺌﻠﺔ ﺣ ت اﻟﻌﻠﻤﺎء . ﻟﻘﺪ ﻇﻞ اﻟﻌﻠﻤـﺎء ﻳﺘﺴـﺎءﻟﻮن ﻟﻌﻘـﻮد : ﻛﻴـﻒ ﺗُﺤﺮك ا ﺠﺎﻻت ا ﻐﻨﺎﻃﻴﺴﻴﺔ ﺗﻄﻮر اﻷﻗﺮاص؟ وﻛﻴﻒ ﺗﺆﺛﺮ ﻋﲆ اﻟﻜﻮاﻛﺐ اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﺘﺸﻜﻞ وأﻳﻦ؟ ﻣﻊو اﺳﺘﻤﺮار ﺤﺴﻦ ﺗ ﺣﺴﺎﺳﻴﺔ اﻟﺘﻠﺴﻜﻮﺑﺎت وأﺟﻬﺰة اﻟﺮﺻﺪ اﻟ ﻳﺄﻣﻞ ﻌﻠﻤﺎء ﰲ ﺗﻄﺒﻴﻖ ﻫـﺬه اﻟﺘﻘﻨﻴ ﺎت ﻋﲆ ا ﺰﻳﺪ ﻣﻦ اﻷﻗﺮاص اﻟﻨﺠﻤﻴﺔ . وﻳﻀﻴﻒ ﺗﻴ ": ﻎ ﻧﺤﻦ ﻧـﺪﺧﻞ ﻋـ ﴫاً ـ أﺻـﺒﺢ ﺑﺈﻣﻜﺎﻧﻨــﺎ ﻓﻴــﻪ أﺧــ اً رؤﻳــﺔ اﻟﺒﺼــﻤﺎت ا ﻐﻨﺎﻃﻴﺴﻴﺔ اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﺮﺳﻢ ﻣﻼﻣﺢ ﺑﻨﺎء اﻷﻧﻈﻤﺔ اﻟ اﻟ ﻜﻮﻛﺒﻴﺔ ﻘﺪ ﺻﻟ .ة ﺠﺪﻳﺪ ﻤﻤﺖ اﻟﺘﺤﺴـﻴﻨﺎت ﻋﲆ ﻣﺮﺻﺪ أ ﺎ ﻣﺜﻞ ﺗﺮﻗﻴﺔ ﺣﺴﺎﺳﻴﺔ اﻟﻨﻄـﺎق اﻟﻌﺮﻳﺾ اﻟﻘﺎ دﻣﺔ ﻟﺘﺤﻘﻴﻖ ﻫﺬا اﻟﻬﺪف ﺗﺤﺪﻳﺪ اً وﺗﻈ ﻬﺮ ﻧﺘﺎﺋﺠﻨﺎ أن ﻣﺎ وﻋﺪ ت ه ﺑﻪ ﻫﺬ اﻟﱰﻗﻴ ﺎت ﺳﻴﻜﻮن ﻣﻤﻜﻨ ﺎً ﻋﲆ ﻧﻄﺎق واﺳﻊ ." ﻳﺸﻜﻞ ﻫﺬا اﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﻧﻘﻠﺔ ﻧﻮﻋﻴﺔ ﰲ ﻓﻬﻢ ﺗﺸﻜﻞ اﻟﻜﻮاﻛﺐ وﺗﻄﻮر اﻻﻧﻈﻤـﺔ اﻟﻜﻮﻛﺒﻴـﺔ وﻓﻬـﻢ اﻋﻤﻖ ﻻﺻﻞ اﻟﺠﻮار اﻟﻜﻮﻧﻲ وﻣﻜﺎﻧﻨﺎ ﻓﻴﻪ . ﻧﻮﻓﻤﺒﺮ - ﺩﻳﺴﻤﺒﺮ 2 0 2 5