Free Astronomy Magazine November-December 2025 ARABIC VERSION

versity of California, Berkeley, had been very interested in infant su- pernovae himself and was intrigued by the object. Fortuitously, he hap- pened to be observing at Keck Ob- servatory and was able to quickly pivot to capture the spectrum ofthis newly discovered celestial tran- sientusingKeckObservatory’sLow- Resolution Imaging Spectrograph (LRIS). “It’s so exciting to discover a new class of exploding star, espe- cially one that provides a confirma- tion of some of our theories of how massive stars evolve with time yet also reveals interesting new puz- zles,” said Filippenko. “It was very fortunatethatmyteamwasusing the Keck I telescope the night SN 2021yfj was discovered — we were able to obtain a spectrum that di- rectlyledtotherealizationthatthis was an incredibly special new type ofsupernova.Opportunitiesofthis kind are rare!” Insteadoftypicalcarbonandoxygen — found in other stripped super- novae — the spectrum was domi- nated by strong signals of silicon, sulfurandargon.Nuclearfusionpro- duces these heavier elements withinamassivestar’sdeepinteriordu ringits final stages of life. “This star lost most of the material that it produced throughout its life- time, ” Schulze said. “So, we could only see the material formed during the months right before its explo- sion. Something very violent musthave happened to cause that.” While the precise cause of this phe- nomenonremainsanopenques- tion,Schulze,Miller,Yang,Filip- penko, and their colleagues propose a rare and powerful process was at play.Theyareexploringmultiple scenarios,includinginteractions with a potential companion star, a massive pre-supernova eruption, or even unusually strong stellar winds. But,mostlikely,theteampositsthis mysterioussupernovaistheresultof a massive star literally tearing itself apart.Asthestar’scoresqueezesin- ward under its own gravity, it be- comes even hotter and denser. The extreme heat and density then reignite nuclear fusion with such in- credible intensity that it causes a powerful burst of energy thatpushes away the star’s outer layers. Each time the star undergoes this powerful pulse, it sheds more mate- rial. “Westilldon’tfullyunderstandhow naturecreatedthisparticularexplo- sion,” Miller said. “This star under- scores the need to uncover more of these rare supernovae, so we can continuetostudythem.”     NOVEMBER-DECEMBER2025 ﻣﺠﻠﺔ FreeAstronomy ﺎﻟﻌﺮ ﺔ 43 اﻟﺘﺼـﻮﻳﺮ ﻣـﻨﺨﻔﺾ اﻟﺪﻗـﺔ ) LRIS ( اﻟﺘـﺎﺑﻊ ﺮﺻﺪ ﻛﻴﻚ . ﻗﺎل ﻓﻴﻠﻴﺒﻴﻨﻜﻮ " : ﻣﻦ ا ﺜ ﻟﻠﻐﺎﻳﺔ اﻛﺘﺸ ﺎف ﻓﺌﺔ ﺟﺪﻳﺪة ﻣـﻦ اﻟﻨﺠـﻮم ا ﺘﻔﺠـﺮة ﺧﺎﺻﺔً ﺗﻠﻚ اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﻮﻛﺪ ﺑﻌﺾ ﻧﻈﺮﻳﺎﺗﻨـﺎ ﺣـﻮل ﻛﻴﻔﻴﺔ ﺗﻄﻮر اﻟﻨﺠـﻮم اﻟﻀـﺨﻤﺔ ﻣـﻊ ﻣـﺮور اﻟﻮﻗﺖ وﺗﻜﺸﻒ أﻳﻀًﺎ ﻋﻦ أﻟﻐﺎز ﺟﺪﻳﺪة ﻣﺜ ة ﻟﻼﻫﺘﻤﺎم ." وأﺿﺎف " : ﻛﺎن ﻣﻦ ﺣﺴﻦ ﺣﻈـﻲ أن ﻓﺮﻳﻘﻲ ﻛﺎن ﻳﺴﺘﺨﺪ م ﺗﻠﺴﻜﻮب ﻛﻴﻚ ﻟﻴﻠﺔ ﺗﻠﺴﻜﻮب ﻛﻴﻚ I ﻟﻴﻠﺔ اﻛﺘﺸﺎف ا ﺴﺘﻌﺮ اﻷﻋﻈﻢ اﻛﺘﺸﺎف ا ﺴﺘﻌﺮ ا ﻷﻋﻈﻢ SN 2021yfj - ﻓﻘﺪ ﺗﻤﻜﻨﺎ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺤﺼـﻮل ﻋـﲆ اﻟ ﻄﻴـﻒ ﻣﺒـﺎﴍةً و إدراك أن ﻫﺬا اﻟﻨﻮع ﻣﻦ ا ﺴﺘﻌﺮات اﻟﻌﻈﻤﻰ ﺟﺪﻳﺪ وﻣﻤﻴﺰ ﻟﻠﻐﺎﻳﺔ . ﻣﺜﻞ ﻫﺬه اﻟ ﻔﺮص ﻧﺎدرة ﻓ ﺟﺪاً ﺒـﺪﻻً ﻣـﻦ اﻟﻬﻴﻤﻨـﺔ ا ﻌﺘـﺎدة ﻟ ﻠﻜﺮﺑـﻮن واﻷﻛﺴﺠ ﰲ ا ﺴﺘﻌﺮات اﻟﻌﻈﻤـﻰ ا ﺠـﺮدة اﻷﺧﺮى ﻇﻬﺮت ﰲ ﻫﺬا اﻟﻄﻴﻒ إﺷﺎرات ﻗﻮﻳـﺔ ﻟﻠﺴﻴﻠ ﻴﻜﻮن واﻟﻜﱪﻳﺖ واﻻﺟﻮن . ﻫﺬه اﻟﻌﻨﺎﴏ اﻟﺴـﻴﻠﻴﻜﻮن واﻟﻜﱪﻳ ـﺖ واﻟ ـﺪارﺟﻮن . ﻳُﻨ ـﺘﺞ اﻟﺜﻘﻴﻠﺔ ﺗﺘﻜﻮن ﻧﺘﻴﺠﺔ اﻻﻧﺪﻣﺎج اﻟﻨﻮوي داﺧـﻞ ﺑﺎﻃﻦ اﻟﻨﺠﻢ اﻟﻀﺨﻢ ﺧﻼل ﻣﺮاﺣﻠـﻪ اﻷﺧـ ة ﻣﻦ ﺣﻴﺎﺗﻪ . ﻗﺎل ﺷﻮﻟﺘﺰ " : ﻟﻘﺪ ﻓﻘﺪ ﻫﺬا اﻟﻨﺠﻢ ﻣﻌﻈ ﻢ ا ﺎدة اﻟﺘﻲ أﻧﺘﺠﻬﺎ ﻃﻮال ﺣﻴﺎﺗﻪ ﻟﺬﻟﻚ ﻟﻢ ﻧﺘﻤﻜﻦ ﻣﻦ رؤﻳﺔ ﻫﺬه ا ﻮاد إﻻ ﺧﻼل اﻷﺷﻬﺮ اﻟﺘﻲ ﺳﺒﻘﺖ اﻧﻔﺠﺎره ﻣﺒﺎﴍة . ﻻ ﺑﺪ أن ﺷﻴﺌًﺎ ﻋﻨﻴﻔًﺎ ﻟﻠﻐﺎﻳﺔ ﻗﺪ ﺣﺪث ﻟﻴﺴﺒﺐ ذﻟﻚ ." ﺑﻴﻨﻤﺎ ﻻ ﻳﺰال اﻟﺴﺒ ﺐ اﻟﺪﻗﻴﻖ ﻟﻬـﺬه اﻟﻈـﺎﻫﺮة ﻣﺤﻞ ﺗﺴﺎؤل ﻳﻘـﱰح ﺷـﻮﻟﺘﺰ وﻣﻴﻠـﺮ وﻳـﺎﻧﻎ وﻓ ﻴﻠﻴﺒﻴﻨﻜﻮ وزﻣﻼؤﻫﻢ وﺟـﻮد ﻋﻤﻠﻴـﺔ ﻧـﺎدرة وﻋﻨﻴﻔﺔ وراءﻫـﺎ . ﻳﺴﺘﻜﺸـﻒ اﻟﻔﺮﻳـﻖ ﻋـﺪة ﺳﻴﻨﺎرﻳﻮﻫﺎت ﻣﻨﻬﺎ اﻟﺘﻔﺎﻋﻼت ﻣﻊ ﻧﺠﻢ ﻣﺮاﻓﻖ ﻣﺤﺘﻤﻞ أو ﺛﻮران داﺧﲇ ﻫﺎﺋـﻞ ﻗﺒـﻞ اﻧﻔﺠـﺎر ا ﺴﺘﻌﺮ اﻷﻋﻈﻢ أو ﺣﺘﻰ رﻳﺎح ﻧﺠﻤﻴـﺔ ﻗﻮﻳـﺔ ﺑﺸﻜﻞ ﻏ ﻋﺎدي . وﻣﻊ ذﻟﻚ ﻳﻌﺘﻘﺪ اﻟﻔﺮﻳﻖ أن ﻫﺬا ا ﺴـﺘﻌﺮ اﻷﻋﻈـﻢ اﻟﻐـﺎﻣﺾ ﻧـﺎﺗﺞ ﻋـﲆ اﻷرﺟﺢ ﻋﻦ ﺗﻤﺰﻳﻖ اﻟـ ﻨﺠﻢ اﻟ ﻀـﺨﻢ ﻟﻨﻔﺴـﻪ . ﺎً ﺣﺮﻓﻴ ﻓﻌﻨﺪﻣﺎ ﺗﻨﻀﻐﻂ ﺟﺰﻳﺌﺎ ت اﻟﻨﺠﻢ ﻧﺤﻮ اﻟـﺪاﺧﻞ ﺑﻔﻌـﻞ اﻟ ﺔ ﺠﺎذﺑﻴ ـ ﺗﺮﺗﻔـﻊ اﻟﺤـﺮارة اﻟو ﻜﺜﺎﻓﺔ ﺑﺸﻜﻞ ﻫﺎﺋـﻞ ﻣـﺎ ﻳـﺆدي إﱃ إﻋـﺎدة إﺷﻌﺎل اﻻﻧﺪﻣﺎج اﻟﻨﻮوي ﺑﻜﺜﺎﻓﺔ ﻏ ﻣﺴﺒﻮﻗﺔ ﻳﻨﺪم ﻋﻦ ذﻟﻚ اﻧﻔﺠـﺎر ﻗﻮﻳـ ﺎ ﻟﻠﻄﺎﻗـﺔ ﻳـ ﺪﻓﻊ اﻟﻄﺒﻘﺎت اﻟﺨﺎرﺟﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﻨﺠﻢ ﺑﻌﻴﺪ ﰲ ﻛﻞ و اً ﻣـﺮة ﻳﺘﻌﺮ ض اﻟﻨﺠﻢ ﻟﻬﺬه اﻟﻨﺒﻀـﺔ اﻟ ﻌﻨﻴﻔـﺔ ﻓﺈﻧـﻪ ﻳﻠﻘﻲ ا ﺰﻳﺪ ﻣﻦ ا ﺎدة إﱃ اﻟﻔﻀـﺎء ﻣـﺎ ﻳﺨﻠـﻖ ﺳﻠﺴﻠﺔ ﻣﻦ اﻻﻧﻔﺠﺎرات ا ﺘﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ . ﻗﺎل ﻣﻴﻠﺮ " : ﻣﺎ زﻟﻨﺎ ﻻ ﻧﻔﻬﻢ ﺗﻤﺎﻣ ﺎً وﻟﺪت ﻛﻴﻒ اﻟﻄﺒﻴﻌﺔ ﻫﺬا اﻻﻧﻔﺠﺎر ﺑﺎﻟـﺬات و ﻳُﺆﻛـﺪ ﻫـﺬا اﻟﻨﺠﻢ ﻋﲆ اﻟﺤﺎﺟﺔ إﱃ اﻛﺘﺸﺎف ا ﺰﻳﺪ ﻣﻦ ﻫﺬه ا ﺴﺘﻌﺮات اﻟﻌﻈﻤﻰ اﻟﻨﺎدرة ﺣﺘﻰ ﻧﺘﻤﻜﻦ ﻣـﻦ ﻣﻮاﺻﻠﺔ دراﺳﺘﻬﺎ ." ﺗﺸ ﻫﺬه اﻻﻛﺘﺸﺎﻓﺎت ا ﺜ ة إﱃ أﻧﻨﺎ ﻻ ﻧـﺰال ﰲ ﺑﺪاﻳﺔ ﻓﻬﻤﻨـﺎ ﻟﺘﻨـﻮع اﻟﻨﻬﺎﻳـﺎت ا ﺤﺘﻤﻠـﺔ ﻟﺤﻴﺎة اﻟﻨﺠﻮم اﻟﻀﺨﻤﺔ . ﻓﻜﻞ اﻛﺘﺸﺎف ﺟﺪﻳـﺪ ﻣﺜﻞ ا ﺴـﺘﻌﺮ اﻷﻋﻈـﻢ SN2021yfj ﻳﻀـﻴﻒ ﻗﻄﻌﺔ ﺟﺪﻳﺪة إﱃ ﻟﻐﺰ ﻣﻌﻘﺪ ﻳﺘﺤﺪى اﻟﻨﻤـﺎذج اﻟﺘﻘﻠﻴﺪﻳﺔ ﻟﺘﻄﻮر اﻟﻨﺠﻮم ﻳو ﺘﻄﻠﺐ ﺗﻔﺴ ﻫﺬه اﻟﻈﻮاﻫﺮ اﻟﻨﺎد رة ﺗﻌﺎوﻧًﺎ دوﻟﻴﺎً ﺑ ﻓﺮق اﻟﺒﺤﺚ إﱃ ﺟﺎﻧﺐ ﺑﻴﺎﻧـﺎت دﻗﻴﻘـﺔ ﻣـﻦ اﻟﺘﻠﺴـﻜﻮﺑﺎت ا ﺘﻘﺪﻣﺔ ﺣﻮل اﻟﻌـﺎﻟﻢ . ﻣـﻦ ﺧـﻼل ا ﺘﺎﺑﻌـﺔ ا ﻟﺪﻗﻴﻘﺔ وا ﺮاﻗﺒﺔ ا ﺴﺘﻤﺮة ﻳﻤﻜﻦ ل إﱃ ﻮ ﺻﻮ اﻟ رؤى أﻋﻤﻖ وﺑﺬﻟﻚ ﺗُﺴﻬﻢ ﻣﺜﻞ ﻫﺬه اﻷﺣﺪاث ﰲ ﺗﻮﺳﻴﻊ ﻓﻬﻤﻨﺎ ﻟﻠﻜﻮن . ﻧﻮﻓﻤﺒﺮ - ﺩﻳﺴﻤﺒﺮ 2 0 2 5