Free Astronomy Magazine November-December 2025 ARABIC VERSION

of Webb’s images of Sagittarius B2 are the portions that remain dark. These ironically empty-looking areas ofspaceareactuallysodensewith gasanddustthatevenWebbcannot seethroughthem.Thesethickclouds aretherawmaterialoffuturestars and a cocoon for those still too young to shine. Thehighresolutionandmid-infrared sensitivity of Webb’s MIRI (Mid-In- fraredInstrument)revealedthisre- gioninunprecedenteddetail,includ- ing glowing cosmic dust heated by very young massive stars. The red- destareaontherighthalfofMIRI’s image, known as Sagittarius B2 North,isoneofthemostmolecularly richregionsknown,butastronomers have never seen it with such clarity. (Note: North is to the right in these Webb images.) The difference longer wavelengths of light make, even within the in- frared spectrum, are stark when comparingtheimagesfromWebb’s MIRI and NIRCam (Near-Infrared Camera) instruments. Glowing gas anddustappeardramaticallyinmid- infrared light, while all but the brighteststarsdisappearfromview. In contrast to MIRI, colorful stars steal the show in Webb’s NIRCam image, punctuated occasionally by bright clouds of gas and dust. Fur- therresearchintothesestarswillre- vealdetailsoftheirmassesandages, whichwillhelpastronomersbetter understand the process of star for- mationinthisdense,activegalactic centerregion.Hasitbeengoingon formillionsofyears?Orhassomeun- known process triggered it only re- cently?AstronomershopeWebbwill shedlightonwhystarformationin the galactic center is so dispropor- tionatelylow.Thoughtheregionis stockedwithplentyofgaseousraw material,onthewholeitisnotnearly asproductiveasSagittariusB2.While SagittariusB2hasonly10percentof thegalacticcenter’sgas,itproduces 50 percent of its stars. “Humans have been studying the stars for thousands of years, and thereisstillalottounderstand,” said NazarBudaiev,agraduatestudentat the University of Florida and the co- principal investigator of the study. “For everything new Webb is show- ing us, there are also new mysteries toexplore,andit’sexcitingtobea partofthatongoingdiscovery.”  ﻣﺠﻠﺔ FreeAstronomy ﺎﻟﻌﺮ ﺔ 39 ﻈﻬــﺮ ﺟﻬــﺎزاﻷﺷــﻌﺔ ﺗﺤــﺖ اﻟــ ـ ﻤﺮاء اﻟﻤﺘﻮﺳــﻄﺔ ( ﻣــ ي) ﻋﻠــﻰ ﺗﻠﺴــ ﻮب ــﺐﺿــﻮءا ﻣﺘﻮﺳــﻄ و ﺎً ﺗﺤــﺖ اﻷ ﻤــﺮﻟﻤﻨﻄﻘــﺔ ﺳــﺤﺎ ﺔ اﻟﻘــﻮس B2 ــﺎر اﻟــﺪاﻓﺊ ــﺚ ﺘــﻮﻫﺞ اﻟﻐ ﺣ ﺳــﺎﻃﻌ ﺎً ﺑ ﻨﻤــﺎ ﺗﻈﻬــ ﺮاﻟﻨﺠــﻮم اﻻﻛــ ﻟﻤﻌﺎﻧـﺎً ﻛـﻨﻘﻂ زرﻗـﺎء دﻗ ﻘـﺔ ﻋـ اﻟﺴـﺤﺐ اﻟﻜﺜ ﻔـﺔ . [NASA, ESA, CSA,STScI, Adam Ginsburg (University of Florida), Nazar Budaiev (University of Florida),Taehwa Yoo (University of Florida); Im ge Processin : Alyssa Pagan (STScI)] إن ﻫ ﺬه ا ﻨﺎﻃﻖ اﻟﻔﻀﺎﺋﻴﺔ اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﺒﺪو ﻓﺎرﻏـﺔ ﻟﻠﻮﻫﻠﺔ اﻷوﱃ ﻫﻲ ﰲ اﻟﻮاﻗـﻊ ﻣﻜﺘﻈـﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﻐـﺎز واﻟﻐﺒﺎر اﻟﻜﺜﻴﻔ إﱃ درﺟﺔ أن ﺗﻠﺴﻜﻮب وﻳﺐ ﻻ ﻳﺴﺘﻄﻴﻊ اﺧﱰاﻗﻬـﺎ ﺑﺎﻟﻜﺎﻣـﻞ . ﺗﻌـﺪ ﻫـﺬه اﻟﺴﺤﺐ اﻟﻜﺜﻴﻔﺔ ا ﺎدة اﻟﺨﺎم ﻟﺘﻜﻮﻳﻦ اﻟﻨﺠﻮم ا ﺴ ﺘﻘﺒﻠﻴﺔ وﻫﻲ ﺑﻤﺜﺎﺑـﺔ ﺣﺎﺿـﻨﺎت ﻧﺠﻤﻴـﺔ ﻷوﻟﺌﻚ اﻟﻨﺠﻮم اﻟﻔﺘﻴﺔ اﻟﺘﻲ ﻣﺎزاﻟﺖ ﰲ ﻣﺮاﺣﻠﻬﺎ اﻷوﱃ ﻗﺒﻞ ان ﻳﺒﺪأ ﺗﺎﻟﻘﻬﺎ اﻟﻔﻌﲇ ﰲ اﻟﺴﻤﺎء . ﺑﻔﻀﻞ اﻟﻘﺪرة اﻟﻔﺎﺋﻘﺔ اﻟو ﺤﺴﺎﺳـﻴﺔ اﻟﻌﺎﻟﻴـﺔ ﻟ ﻸﺷــﻌﺔ ﺗﺤــﺖ اﻟﺤﻤــﺮاء ا ﺘﻮﺳــﻄﺔ ﻷداة ( ﻣ ي ) اﻟﺘﺎﺑﻌﺔ ﻟﺘﻠﺴﻜﻮب وﻳﺐ ﺗﻤﻜﻦ اﻟﻌﻠﻤﺎء ﻣﻦ رﺻﺪ ﺗﻔﺎﺻﻴﻞ ﻏ ﻣﺴﺒﻮﻗﺔ ﻟ ﻬﺬه ا ﻨﻄﻘﺔ ﺑﻤﺎ ﰲ ذﻟـﻚ اﻟﻐﺒـﺎر اﻟﻜـﻮﻧﻲ ا ﺘـﻮﻫﺞ اﻟـﺬي ﺗُﺴﺨّﻨﻪ اﻟﻨﺠﻮ م اﻟﻀﺨﻤﺔ ﺣﺪﻳﺜﺔ اﻟﻮﻻدة ﺗُﻌﺪ و . ا ﻨﻄﻘﺔ اﻟﺤﻤﺮاء ﰲ اﻟﻨﺼﻒ اﻷﻳﻤﻦ ﻣﻦ ﺻﻮرة ﺗﻠﺴﻜﻮب وﻳﺐ وا ﻌﺮوﻓﺔ ﺑﺎﺳـﻢ اﻟﻘـﻮس B2 اﻟﺸﻤﺎﱄ واﺣﺪة ﻣﻦ أﻛﺜﺮ ا ﻨﺎﻃﻖ ا ﻌﺮوﻓﺔ ﺛﺮاءً اﻟﺸﻤﺎﱄ واﺣﺪة ﻣﻦ أﻏﻨﻰ ا ﻨﺎﻃﻖ ﺑﺎﻟﺠﺰﻳﺌـﺎت ﻟﻜﻦ ﻟﻢ ﻳﺴﺒﻖ ﻟ ﻌﻠﻤﺎء اﻟﻔﻠﻚ أن ﺷﺎﻫﺪوﻫﺎ ﺑﻬﺬا اﻟﻮﺿﻮح ﻣﻦ ﻗﺒﻞ ) . : ﻣﻼﺣﻈﺔ اﻻﺗﺠﺎه اﻟﺸﻤﺎﱄ ﻳﻈﻬﺮ إﱃ اﻟ ﻴﻤ ﰲ ﺻﻮر ﺗﻠﺴﻜﻮب (. وﻳﺐ ﻳﻈﻬﺮ اﻻﺧﺘﻼف ﺑ اﻷﻃﻮال ا ﻮﺟﻴﺔ ﰲ ﻧﻄﺎق اﻷﺷﻌﺔ ﺗﺤﺖ اﻟﺤﻤﺮاء ﻣﺪى اﻟﺘﺒﺎﻳﺖ ﰲ ﻣﺎ ﻧﺮاه ﻓ ﻌﻨﺪ ﻣﻘﺎرﻧﺔ ﺻﻮر اداة ﻣ ي وﻛﺎﻣ ا ﻧ ﻛﺎم اﻟﺘﺎﺑﻌﺔ ﻟﺘﺴﻜﻮب وﻳﺐ ﻧﺠﺪ أن اﻟﻐﺎز واﻟﻐﺒـﺎر ا ﺘﻮﻫﺠ ﻳﻈﻬﺮان ﺑﻮﺿﻮح ﰲ ﺿﻮء اﻷﺷـﻌﺔ ﺗﺤﺖ اﻟﺤﻤﺮ اء ا ﺘﻮﺳﻄﺔ ﺑﻴﻨﻤﺎ ﺗﺨﺘﻔﻲ ﺟﻤﻴﻊ اﻟﻨﺠﻮم ﻋﻦ اﻷﻧﻈﺎر ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺜﻨﺎء أ ﻌﻬـﺎ . أﻣـﺎ ﰲ ﺻﻮر ﻛﺎﻣ ا ﻧ ﻛﺎم ﻓﺘﺒـﺪو اﻟﻨﺠـﻮم ا ﻠﻮﻧـﺔ ﻻﻣﻌـﺔ وﻣﻬﻴﻤﻨــﺔ ﺗﺘﺨﻠﻠﻬ ـﺎ أﺣﻴﺎﻧـ ﺎً ﺳـﺤﺐ ﺳﺎﻃﻌﺔ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻐﺎز واﻟﻐﺒﺎر ﻣﻤﺎ ﻳﻤﻨﺤﻨﺎ ﺻﻮرة ﻣﻜﻤﻠﺔ ﻟﻠﻄﺒﻴﻌﺔ اﻟﺪﻳﻨﺎﻣﻴﻜﻴﺔ ﻟﻬـﺬة ا ﻨﻄﻘـﺔ ا ﺬﻫﻠﺔ ﰲ ﻣﺮﻛﺰ ﻣﺠﺮﺗﻨﺎ ﻣﻤﺎ ﺳﻴﺴﺎﻋﺪ ﻋﻠﻤﺎء اﻟﻔﻠﻚ ﻋﲆ ﻓﻬﻢ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺗﻜﻮّن اﻟﻨﺠﻮم ﰲ ﻫـﺬه اﻟﻔﻠﻚ ﻋ ﲆ ﻓﻬﻢ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺗﻜﻮّن اﻟﻨﺠﻮم ﰲ ﻫـﺬه ا ﻨﻄﻘﺔ اﻟﻜﺜﻴﻔﺔ واﻟﻨﺸﻄﺔ ﻣﻦ ﻣﺮﻛﺰ ا ﺠـﺮة ﺑﺸـﻜﻞ أﻓﻀـﻞ . ﻟﻜـﻦ اﻟﺴـﺆال ﻳﺒﻘـﻰ : ﻫـﻞ اﺳﺘﻤﺮت ﻫﺬه اﻟﻌﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﻟﻌﺪة ﻣﻼﻳ اﻟﺴـﻨ ؟ أم أن ﻋﻤﻠﻴـﺔ ﻣﺠﻬﻮﻟـﺔ ﻫـﻲ اﻟﺘـﻲ ﺣﻔّﺰﺗﻬـﺎ ﺄ؟ ﻳ اً ﻣ ـﺆﺧﺮ ﻣــﻞ ﻋﻠﻤ ـﺎء اﻟﻔﻠــﻚ أن ﻳ ﺴــﻠّﻂ ﺗﻠﺴﻜﻮب وﻳﺐ اﻟﻀﻮء ﻋﲆ ﺳـﺒﺐ اﻧﺨﻔـﺎض إﻧﺘﺎج اﻟﻨﺠﻮم ﰲ ﻣﺮﻛـﺰ ا ﺠـﺮة ﺑﺸـﻜﻞ ﻏـ ﻓ. ﻣﺘﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﻌﲆ اﻟﺮﻏﻢ ﻣﻦ أن ا ﻨﻄﻘـﺔ ﻏﻨﻴـﺔ ﺑﺎ ﻮاد اﻟﺨﺎم اﻟﻐﺎزﻳﺔ إﻻ أﻧﻬﺎ ﻟﻴﺴـﺖ ﻣﻨﺘﺠـﺔ ﻟﻠﻨﺠﻮم ﺑﻨﻔﺲ ﻣﻌـﺪل ﺳـﺤﺎﺑﺔ اﻟﻘـﻮس B2 . ﻓﺒﺤﺴـﺐ اﻟﺘﻘ ـﺪﻳﺮات ﺗﺤﺘ ـﻮي اﻟﻘ ـﻮس B2 ﺗ ﺤﺘﻮي ﻋﲆ 10 % ﻓﻘﻂ ﻣﻦ ﻏﺎز ﻣﺮﻛﺰ ا ﺠﺮ ة ﻟﻜﻨﻬﺎ ﻨﺘﺞ ﺗ 50 % ﻣﻦ اﻟﻨﺠﻮم ا ﻮﺟﻮدة ﻫﻨﺎك . ﻳﻘﻮل ﻧﺰار ﺑﻮداﻳﻴﻒ ﻃﺎﻟﺐ دراﺳـﺎت ﻋﻠﻴـﺎ ﰲ ﺟﺎﻣﻌﺔ ﻓﻠﻮرﻳﺪا واﻟﺒﺎﺣﺚ اﻟﺮﺋﻴﴘ ا ﺸﺎرك ﰲ اﻟﺪراﺳﺔ " : رﻏﻢ دراﺳﺘﻨﺎ اﻟﻄﻮﻳﻠﺔ ﻟﻠﻨﺠـﻮم ﰲ ﻫ ـﺬه ا ﻨﻄﻘ ـﺔ ﻻ زال اﻟﻜﺜ ـ ﻻﺳﺘﻜﺸ ـﺎﻓﻪ ﺑﺎﻻﺿﺎﻓﺔ اﱃ ﻣﺎ ﻳﻜﺸﻔﻪ ﻟﻨﺎ ﺗﻠﺴـﻜﻮب وﻳـﺐ ﻫﻨــﺎك أﴎار ﻛﻮﻧﻴــﺔ ﺗﻨﺘﻈــﺮ اﻻﻛﺘﺸــﺎف وﺳﻨﻜﻮن ﺟﺰء ﻣﻦ ﻫﺬه اﻟﺮﺣﻠﺔ ا ﺴﺘﻤﺮة