Free Astronomy Magazine November-December 2025 ARABIC VERSION

Pismis 24 captured by NIRCam byNASA/ESA/CSA LauraBetz,Ann Jenkins his is a sparkling scene of star birthcapturedbyNASA’sJamesWebbSp aceTelescope. What appears to be a craggy, starlit mountaintop kissed by wispy clouds isactuallyacosmicdust- scapebeing eaten away by the blistering winds andradiationofnearby,massive, infantstars.CalledPismis24,this youngstarclusterresidesinthecore of the nearby Lobster Nebula, ap- proximately 5,500 light-years from Earth in the constellation Scorpius. Hometoavibrantstellarnursery and one of the closest sites of mas- sivestarbirth,Pismis24provides rare insight into large and massive stars.Itsproximitymakesthisregion oneofthebestplacestoexplorethe propertiesofhotyoungstarsand howtheyevolve.Attheheartofthis glittering cluster is the brilliant Pis- mis24-1.Itisatthecenterofa clump of stars above the jagged or- ange peaks, and the tallest spire is pointingdirectlytowardit.Pismis 24- 1appearsasagiganticsinglestar, and it was once thought to be themost massive known star. Scientists havesincelearnedthatitiscom- posed of at least two stars, though they cannot be resolved in this image.At74and66solarmasses,re- spectively,thetwoknownstarsare stillamongthemostmassiveandlu- minousstarseverseen.Capturedin infrared light by Webb’s NIRCam (Near-InfraredCamera),thisimage reveals thousands of jewel-like stars of varying sizes and colors. The largestandmostbrilliantoneswith the six-point diffraction spikes are themostmassivestarsinthecluster. Hundreds to thousands of smaller members of the cluster appear as white, yellow, and red, depending ontheirstellartypeandtheamount of dust enshrouding them. Webb also shows us tens of thousands of starsbehindtheclusterthatarepart oftheMilkyWaygalaxy.Super-hot, infant stars – some almost 8 times the temperature of the Sun – blast outscorchingradiationandpunish- ingwindsthataresculptingacavity into the wall of the star-forming nebula.Thatnebulaextendsfarbe- yond NIRCam’s field of view. Only smallportionsofitarevisibleatthe bottomandtoprightoftheimage. Streamers of hot, ionized gas flow off the ridges of the nebula, and wispy veils of gas and dust, illumi- nated by starlight, float around its toweringpeaks.Dramaticspiresjut fromtheglowingwallofgas,resist- ing the relentless radiation and winds.Theyarelikefingerspointing toward the hot, young stars that have sculpted them. The fierce forces shaping and compressing thesespirescausenewstarstoform withinthem.Thetallestspirespans about5.4light-yearsfromitstipto thebottomoftheimage.Morethan 200ofoursolarsystemsouttoNep- tune’sorbitcouldfitintothewidth its tip, which is 0.14 lightyears. In this image, the color cyan indi- cates hot or ionized hydrogen gas being heated up by the massive young stars. Dust molecules similarto smoke here on Earth are repre- sented in orange. Red signifies cooler, denser molecular hydrogen. The darker the red, the denser the gas. Black denotes the densest gas, which is not emitting light. Thewispy white features are dust andgasthatarescatteringstarlight.     NOVEMBER-DECEMBER2025 و ﺐ ﻠﺘﻘﻂﺻﻮرة ﻟﻠﻌﻨﻘﻮد اﻟﻨ ﻤﻲﺑ ﺴﻤ ﺲ 24 ﻣﺠﻠﺔ FreeAstronomy ﺎﻟﻌﺮ ﺔ 34 : ﻘﻠﻢ ﻟﻮرا ﺑ و آن ﺟ ﻨﻜ و ﺎﻟﺔ ﻧﺎﺳﺎ / و ﺎﻟﺔ اﻟﻔﻀﺎء اﻷوروﺑ ﺔ / و ﺎﻟﺔ اﻟﻔﻀﺎء اﻟﻜﻨﺪ ﺔ إن ﺬا ﻣﺸﻬﺪ ﻫ ﻣﺘـﺄﻟﻖ ﻟـﻮﻻدة ﻧﺠـﻢ اﻟﺘﻘﻄـﻪ ﺗﻠﺴـﻜﻮب ﺟـﻴﻤﺲ وﻳــﺐ اﻟﻔﻀـﺎﺋﻲ اﻟﺘـﺎﺑﻊ ﻟﻨﺎﺳﺎ . ﻣﺎ ﻳﺒﺪو ﻛﻔﻤﺔ ﺟﺒـﺎل وﻋـﺮة ﻣﻀـﺎءة ﺑ ـﺎﻟﻨﺠﻮم وﺗﻐﻤﺮﻫـﺎ ﻏﻴ ـﻮم رﻗﻴﻘ ـﺔ ﻫ ـﻮ ﰲ اﻟﺤﻘﻴﻘﺔ ﻣﻨﻈـﺮ ﻣـﻦ اﻟﻐﺒـﺎر اﻟﻜـﻮﻧﻲ اﻟـﺬي ﺗﻨﺤﺘﻪ اﻟﺮﻳﺎح اﻟﻌﺎﺗﻴﺔ ﻻ وإ ﺷـﻌﺎﻋﺎت اﻟﻘﻮﻳـﺔ ا ﻨﺒﻌﺜﺔ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻨﺠﻮم اﻟﻀﺨﻤ ﺔ ﺣﺪﻳﺜﺔ اﻟـﻮﻻدة اﻟﻘﺮﻳﺒﺔ . ﻳﻌﺮف ﻫﺬا اﻟﻌﻨﻘﻮد اﻟﻨﺠﻤﻲ اﻟﺤﺪﻳﺚ " ﺑﺎﺳﻢ ﺑﻴﺴﻤﻴﺲ 24" وﻳﻘ ﻊ ﰲ ﻗﻠـﺐ ﺳـﺪﻳﻢ ﺟﺮاد اﻟﺒﺤﺮ اﻟﻘﺮﻳﺐ ﺑﻌـﺪ ﻋـﲆ ﺣـﻮاﱄ 5500 ﺳﻨﺔ ﺿﻮﺋﻴﺔ ﻣﻦ اﻷرض ﰲ ﻛﻮﻛﺒـﺔ اﻟﻌﻘـﺮب ﺗﻌﺪ ﻫﺬة ا ﻨﻄﻘـﺔ ﺣﺎﺿـﻨﺔ ﻧﺠﻤﻴـﺔ ﻧﺎﺑﻀـﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﺤﻴﺎة ة وأﺣﺪ و أﻗ ﻣﻦ ﺮب ا ﻮاﻗـﻊ ا ﻌﺮوﻓـﺔ ﻟﺘﻜﻮن اﻟﻨﺠﻮم اﻟﻀﺨﻤﺔ ﻣﻤﺎ ﻳﺠﻌﻠﻬﺎ ﻣﺨﺘﱪا ﻃﺒﻴﻌﻴﺎ ﻟﺪراﺳﺔ ﺧﺼـﺎﺋﺺ اﻟﻨﺠـﻮم اﻟﺸـﺎﺑﺔ اﻟﺴﺎﺧﻨﻪ ةﻛﻴﻔﻴﺔ ﺗﻄﻮرﻫـﺎ ﺧـﻼل ﻣﺮاﺣﻠﻬـﺎ اﻻوﱃ . ﰲ ﻗﻠﺐ ﻫﺬا اﻟﻌﻨﻘﻮد ا ﺘﻸﻟﺊ ﻳ ﻘﻊ اﻟﻨﺠﻢ اﻟ " ﺒﺎرز ﺑﻴﺴﻤﻴﺲ 24-1" اﻟﺬي ﻳﺤﺘـﻞ ﻣﺮﻛـﺰ ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻨﺠ ﻮم ﻓﻮق اﻟﻘﻤـﻢ اﻟﻐﺒﺎرﻳـﺔ اﻟﱪﺗﻘﺎﻟﻴﺔ وﻳﺸ أﻃﻮل ﺑﺮج إﻟﻴﻪ ﻣﺒﺎﴍة . ﻟﻘﺪ ﺑﺪا ﻫﺬ ا اﻟﻨﺠﻢ ﰲ ا ﺎﴈ ﺠﻢﻧ ﺄﻧﻪ ﻛ ﻣﻨﻔﺮد ﺿﺨﻢ و ﻟﻠﻐﺎﻳﺔ وﻛﺎن ﻳﻌﺘﻘﺪ اﻧﻪ اﺿﺨﻢ ﻧﺠـﻢ ﻣﻌﺮةف ﰲ ذﻟﻚ اﻟﻮﻗﺖ ﻟﻜﻦ اﻟﺪراﺳﺎت اﻟﺤﺪﻳﺜﺔ اوﺿﺤﺖ ان " ﺑﻴﺴﻤﻴﺲ 24-1" ﻳ ﺘﻜﻮن ﻣـﻦ ﻧﺠﻤ ﻋﲆ اﻷﻗﻞ ﻳﺼﻌﺐ ﺗﻤﻴﻴﺰﻫﻤـﺎ ﰲ ﻫـﺬه اﻟﺼﻮرة . ﻋﻨﺪ ٧٤ و ٦٦ ﺷﻌﺎﻋًﺎ ﺷﻤﺴﻴًﺎ، ﻋـﲆ اﻟﺘﻮاﱄ، ﻻ ﻳﺰال اﻟﻨﺠﻤﺎن ا ﻌﺮوﻓـﺎن ﻣـﻦ ﺑـ اﻟﺼﻮرة . ﺑﻜﺘﻞ ﺗﺒﻠﻎ 74 و 66 ﻛﺘﻠـﺔ اﻟﺸـﻤﺲ ﻋﲆ اﻟﺘﻮاﱄ ﻻ ﻳﺰال اﻟﻨﺠﻤﺎن اﻟﺘﻮأﻣﺎن ﻣﻦ ﺑـ أﺿﺨﻢ اﻟﻨﺠﻮم وأﻛﺜﺮﻫـﺎ إﴍاﻗًـﺎ ﰲ اﻟﻜـﻮن . اﻟﺘُﻘﻄﺖ ﻫﺬه اﻟﺼﻮرة ﺑﺎﻷﺷﻌﺔ ﺗﺤﺖ اﻟﺤﻤﺮاء ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪام ﻛـﺎﻣ ا ﻧ ﻛـﺎم وﻫـﻲ ) اﻟﻜـﺎﻣ ا اﻟﻘﺮﻳﺒﺔ ﻣﻦ ا ﻷﺷﻌﺔ ﺗﺤﺖ اﻟﺤﻤﺮاء ( ﻋﲆ ﻣﺘﻦ ﺗﻠﺴﻜﻮب وﻳﺐ ﺣﻴﺚ ﺗﻜﺸﻒ ﻋﻦ آﻻف اﻟﻨﺠﻮم ا ﺘﻸﻟﺌﺔ ﻛﺎﻟﺠﻮاﻫﺮ ﺑﺄﺣﺠﺎم وأﻟﻮان . ﻋﺔ ﻣﺘﻨﻮ ﺗُﻌﺪ اﻟﻨﺠﻮم اﻷﻛﱪ واﻷ ﺷﺪ ﺎً ﻌﺎﻧ ذات ﻃﻔﺮات ﺣﻴﻮد ﺳﺪاﺳﻴﺔ اﻟﺸﻜﻞ ﻫﻲ اﻷﻛﺜﺮ ﺿﺨﺎﻣﺔ ﰲ اﻟﻌﻨﻘﻮد أﻣﺎ . ﻣﺌﺎت إﱃ آﻻف اﻟﻨﺠـﻮم اﻷﺻـﻐﺮ ﺳﻨﺎً ن اﻟﻮ ﺑﺎ ﻓﺘﻈﻬﺮ ﺑﻴﻀﺎء وﺻﻔﺮاء وﺣﻤـﺮاء ﺗﺒﻌﺎً ﻟﻨﻤﻄﻬﺎ اﻟﻄﻴﻔﻲ ﻟو ﻜﻤﻴﺔ اﻟﻐﺒﺎر ا ﺤـﻴﻂ . ﺑﻬﺎ ﻈﻬﺮ ﻳ ﻛﻤﺎ ﺗﻠﺴﻜﻮب وﻳﺐ أﻳﻀ ـ ﺎ ﻋ ﴩات اﻵﻻ ﺠـﻮم ف ﻣﻦ اﻟﻨ اﻟﻮاﻗﻌـﺔ ﺧﻠـﻒ اﻟﻌﻨﻘـﻮد اﻟﻨﺠﻤﻲ واﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﻨﺘﻤﻲ إﱃ ﻣﺠﺮة درب اﻟﺘ ﺒﺎﻧـﺔ ﻧﻔﺴﻬﺎ . ﺗﻮﻟﺪ ﻧﺠﻮم ﰲ ﻫـﺬه ا ﻨﻄﻘـﺔ ﻧﺠـﻮم ﻓﺎﺋﻘﺔ اﻟﺤﺮارة ﺗﺼﻞ ﺣﺮارﺗﻬـﺎ ﻣـﺎ ﻳﻘـﺎرب 8 أﺿـﻌﺎف درﺟـﺔ ﺣـﺮارة اﻟﺸـﻤﺲ وﺗﻄﻠـﻖ إﺷﻌﺎﻋﺎت ﻗﻮﻳﺔ ورﻳﺎح ﻧﺠﻤﻴﺔ ﻋﺎﺗﻴـﺔ ﺗﻌﻤـﻞ ﻋﲆ ﻧﺤﺖ ﺗﺠ ﺎ وﻳﻒً داﺧﻞ اﻟ ﺟﺪار اﻟـﺬي ﺴﺪﻳﻢ ﻳﻜﻮن ﻣﻬﺪﻫﺎ ا ﻟﻨﺠﻤﻲ و . ﻳﻤﺘـﺪ ﺳـﺪﻳﻢ ﺟـﺮاد اﻟﺒﺤﺮ إﱃ ﻣﺎ ﻫﻮ أﺑﻌﺪ ﻣﻦ ﻣﺠﺎل رؤﻳﺔ ﻛـﺎﻣ ا ﻧ ﻛـﺎم إذ ﻻ ﺗﻈﻬـﺮ اﻟﺼـﻮرة ﺳـﻮى أﺟــﺰاء ﺻﻐ ة ﻣﻨـﻪ ﻓﻘـﻂ ﰲ أﺳـﻔﻞ وأﻋـﲆ ﻳﻤـ اﻟﺼﻮرة . ﺗﺘﺪﻓﻖ ﺗﻴﺎرات ﻣﻦ اﻟﻐـﺎز اﻟﺴـﺎﺧﻦ ا ﺘﺄﻳﻦ ﻣﻦ ﺣـﻮاف اﻟﺴـﺪﻳﻢ وﺗﻄﻔـﻮ ﺳـﺘﺎﺋﺮ اﻟﺼﻮرة . ﺗﺘﺪﻓﻖ ﺗﻴـﺎرات ﻣـﻦ اﻟﻐـﺎز ا ﺘـﺄﻳﻦ اﻟﺴﺎﺧﻦ ﻋﲆ أﻃﺮاف اﻟﺴـﺪﻳﻢ ﺑﻴﻨﻤـﺎ ﺗﻄﻔـﻮ ﺳﺘﺎﺋﺮ رﻗﻴﻘﺔ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻐﺎز واﻟﻐﺒﺎر ﻣﻀﺎءة ﺑﻀﻮء اﻟﻨﺠﻮم اﻟﻔﺘﻴﺔ اﻟ ﺣﻮل ﻘﻤﻢ اﻟﻜﻮﻧﻴﺔ اﻟﺸﺎﻫﻘﺔ . ﺗـﱪز أﺑـﺮاج د راﻣﺎﺗﻴﻜﻴـﺔ ﻣـﻦ ﺟـﺪار اﻟﻐـﺎز ا ﺘﻮﻫﺞ ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺔً اﻹﺷﻌﺎع ا ﺴـﺘﻤﺮ اﻟﺮﻳـﺎح و اﻟﻨﺠﻤﻴﺔ اﻟﻌﺎﺗﻴﺔ إ ﻧﻬﺎ ﺑﻤﺜﺎﺑﺔ أﺻﺎﺑﻊ ﺗﺸـ إﱃ اﻟ ﻨﺠﻮم اﻟﺸﺎﺑﺔ اﻟﺴﺎﺧﻨﺔ اﻟﺘﻲ ﻧﺤﺘﺘﻬـﺎ ﻫـﺬه اﻟﻘﻮى اﻟﻀﺎرﺑﺔ وﺗﻀـﻐﻄﻬﺎ ﻟ ﺘﺴـﺒﺐ ﺗﻜـﻮن ﻧﺠﻮم ﺟﺪﻳﺪة داﺧـﻞ اﻻﺑـﺮاج ﻧﻔﺴـﻬﺎ . ﻳﻤﺘـﺪ أﻃﻮل ﺑﺮج ﺣﻮاﱄ 5.4 ﺳﻨ ﺔ ﺿﻮﺋﻴﺔ ﻣﻦ ﻃﺮﻓﻪ إﱃ أﺳﻔﻞ اﻟﺼﻮرة ﻳﻤﻜﻦ و ان ﻳﺴﺘﻮﻋﺐ أﻛﺜـﺮ ﻣﻦ 200 ﻧﻈﺎم ﺷﻤﴘ ﻋﲆ ﻃﻮل ﻋﺮﺿﻪ اﻟﺬي ﻳﺒﻠﻎ 0.14 . ﺿـﻮﺋﻴﺔ ﺳـﻨﺔ ﰲ ﻫـﺬه اﻟﺼـﻮرة ﻳ ﺸ اﻟﻠﻮن اﻟﺴـﻤﺎوي إﱃ ﻏـﺎز اﻟﻬ ﻴـﺪروﺟ اﻟﺴـﺎﺧﻦ أو ا ــﺆﻳﻦ اﻟـﺬي ﺗﺴـﺨ ﻨﻪ اﻟﻨﺠـ ﻮم اﻟﻔﺘﻴﺔ اﻟﻀﺨﻤﺔ . ﺗﻤﺜﻞ ﺟﺰﻳﺌﺎت اﻟﻐﺒـﺎر اﻟﺘـﻲ ا ﺸﺎﺑﻬﺔ ﻟ ﻠﺪﺧﺎن ﻋﲆ اﻷرض اﻟﻠﻮن اﻟﱪﺗﻘـﺎﱄ ﻳ ﺸ اﻟﻠﻮن اﻷﺣﻤﺮ إﱃ اﻟﻬﻴﺪرو ﺟ اﻟﺠﺰﻳﺌـﻲ اﻷﻛﺜﺮ ﺑﺮودة وﻛﺜﺎﻓـﺔ ﻛﻠﻤـﺎ و ازداد اﺣﻤـﺮاره أﻏﻤﻖ، زادت ﻛﺜﺎﻓﺔ اﻟﻐﺎز ﻳو ﺸ اﻟﻠﻮ ن اﻷﺳﻮد إﱃ اﻟﻐﺎز اﻷﻛﺜﺮ ﻛﺜﺎﻓﺔ واﻟﺬي ﻻ ﻳُﺼﺪر ﺿـﻮءاً أﻣﺎ ا ﻼﻣﺢ اﻟﺒﻴﻀـﺎ ء اﻟﺨﺎﻓﺘـﺔ ﻓﻬـﻲ اﻟﻐﺒـﺎر واﻟﻐﺎز ا ﺸﺘ ﺘﺎن ﻟﻀﻮء اﻟﻨﺠﻮم وﺗﺸﻜﻞ ﻫـﺬه اﻷﺑﺮاج اﻟﺤ ﺎﺿﻨﺎت ا ﺜﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﻟﻨﺸﻮء اﻟﻨﺠﻮم . ﻧﻮﻓﻤﺒﺮ - ﺩﻳﺴﻤﺒﺮ 2 0 2 5