Free Astronomy Magazine November-December 2025 ARABIC VERSION

T hisartist’sconcept depictsplanet TRAPPIST-1dpassingin frontofitsturbulent 29 star,withothermem- bersoftheclosely packedsystemshown in the background. [NASA, ESA, CSA, JosephOlmsted(STScI)] TRAPPIST-1d,thethirdplanetfrom thereddwarfstar,liesonthecusp ofthattemperatezone,yetitsdis- tancetoitsstarisonly2percentof Earth’sdistancefromtheSun.TRAP- PIST-1 d completes an entire orbit arounditsstar,itsyear,inonlyfour Earthdays.Webb’sNIRSpec(Near-In- fraredSpectrograph)instrumentdid notdetectmoleculesfromTRAPPIST- 1 d that are common in Earth’s at- mosphere,likewater,methane,or carbon dioxide. However, Piaulet- Ghorayeboutlinedseveralpossibili- tiesfortheexoplanetthatremain open for follow- upstudy. “There are a few poten- tial reasons why we don’t detect an atmosphere aroundTRAPPIST- 1d.Itcouldhave anextremelythin atmosphere that isdifficulttode- tect, somewhat like Mars. Alter- natively,itcould have very thick, high-altitude clouds that are blocking our de- tectionofspecific atmospheric sig- natures — some- thing more like Venus.Or,itcould beabarrenrock, with no atmos- phereatall,” Pi- aulet-Ghorayeb said. No matter what the case maybeforTRAP- PIST-1 d, it’s tough being a planet in orbit around a red dwarfstar.TRAP- PIST-1, the host starofthesys- tem, is known to be volatile, often releasingflaresofhigh-energyradi- ationwiththepotentialtostripoff the atmospheres of its small plan- ets, especially those orbiting most closely. Nevertheless, scientists are motivated to seek signs of atmos- pheres on the TRAPPIST-1 planets becausereddwarfstarsarethemost commonstarsinourgalaxy.Ifplan- ets can hold on to an atmosphere here, under waves of harsh stellar radiation,theycould,asthesaying goes, make it anywhere. “Webb’s sensitiveinfraredinstrumentsareal- lowing us to delve into the atmos- pheresofthesesmaller,colderplan- ets for the first time,” said Björn Benneke of IREx at Université de Montréal,aco-authorofthestudy. “We’re really just getting started usingWebbtolookforatmospheres onEarth-sizedplanets,andtodefine the line between planets that can holdontoanatmosphere,andthose thatcannot.” Webbobservationsof theouterTRAPPIST-1planetsareon- going, which hold both potential andperil.Ontheonehand,Benneke said,planetse,f,g,andhmayhave better chances of having atmos- pheres because they are further away from the energetic eruptions oftheirhoststar.However,theirdis- tance and colder environment will make atmospheric signatures more difficulttodetect,evenwithWebb’s infrared instruments. “All hope is not lost for atmospheres around the TRAPPIST-1 planets,” Piaulet-Gho- rayebsaid. “Whilewedidn’tfinda big, bold atmospheric signature at planetd,thereisstillpotentialfor theouterplanetstobeholdingonto alotofwaterandotheratmospheric components.” “AsNASAleadsthewayinsearching forlifeoutsideoursolarsystem,one of the most important avenues we can pursue is understanding which planetsretaintheiratmospheres,and why,” said Shawn Domagal-Gold- man, acting director of the Astro- physics Division at NASA Head- quarters in Washington. “NASA’s James Webb Space Telescope has pushedourcapabilitiesforstudying exoplanetatmospheresfurtherthan everbefore,beyondextremeworlds tosomerockyplanets–allowingus to begin confirming theories about thekindofplanetsthatmaybepo- tentiallyhabitable.Thisimportant groundwork will position our next missions, like NASA’s Habitable WorldsObservatory,toanswerauni- versalquestion:Arewealone?”     NOVEMBER-DECEMBER2025 رﺳــــــــﻢ ﺗﺨ ﻠـــــــــﻲ ﻈﻬـــــــــﺮ اﻟ ﻮﻛــــــــــــــــﺐ ﺗﺮاﺑ ﺴـــــــــــــــــﺖ -1b وﻫــــــــﻮ ﻤـــــــــﺮ أﻣـــــــــﺎم ﻧ ﻤـــــــــﮫ اﻟﻤﻀــــــــــﻄﺮ ﻣــــــــــﻊ ﻇﻬــــــــــﻮر ـــــــــﺔ اﻟ ﻮاﻛـــــــــﺐ اﻟﺘﺎ ﻌـــــــــﺔ ﻘ ﻟﻬــــــــــــــــــﺬا اﻟﻨﻈــــــــــــــــــﺎم ﻓـــــــــــــــــــﻲ اﻟـﺨﻠﻔ ﺔ . [NASA, ESA, CSA, Joseph Olmsted (STScI)] 29 اﻟﻜﻮاﻛﺐ اﻟﺼﺨﺮﻳﺔ ﺑﺤ ﺠﻢ اﻷرض اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗـﺪور ﺣﻮل ﻧﺠﻢ واﺣﺪ وذﻟـﻚ ﺑﻔﻀـﻞ ﺑﻴﺎﻧـﺎت ﻣـﻦ ﺗﻠﺴﻜﻮب ﺳﺒﻴﺘﺰر اﻟﻔﻀﺎﺋﻲ ا ﺘﻘﺎﻋـﺪ اﻟﺘـﺎﺑﻊ ﻟ ﻮﻛﺎﻟﺔ ﻧﺎﺳﺎ ﺑﺎﻻﺿﺎﻓﺔ ﺮاﺻﺪ أﺧﺮى . اﻟـﻨﺠﻢ ا ﺮﻛﺰي ﰲ اﻟﻨﻈﺎم ﻫﻮ أ ﻗﺰم ﺻﻐ ﺣﻤﺮ وﺑﺎرد ﺒﻴﺎً ﻧﺴ وﺑﺎﻟﺘـﺎﱄ ﺗﻘـﻊ ﰲ ا ﻨﻄﻘـﺔ اﻟﺼـﺎﻟﺤﺔ ﻟﻠﺤﻴﺎة " ﺑﺎﻟﻘﺮب ﻣﻨﺔ أي اﻗﺮب ﺑﻜﺜ ﻣﻘﺎرﻧﺔ ﺑﻤﺴﺎﻓﺔ اﻻرضﻋﻦ اﻟﺸﻤﺲ . ﻳﻘﻊ ﺗﺮاﺑﻴﺴﺖ - 1b وﻫﻮ اﻟﻜﻮﻛﺐ اﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ ﻣـﻦ ﺣﻴﺚ اﻟﺒﻌﺪ ﻋﻦ اﻟﻨﺠﻢ اﻟﻘﺰم اﻷﺣﻤ ﺮ، ﻋﲆ ﻗﻤﺔ ﺗﻠﻚ ا ﻨﻄﻘﺔ ا ﻌﺘﺪﻟﺔ إﻻ أن ﺑﻌﺪه ﻋﻦ ﻧﺠﻤﻪ ﻻ ﻳﺘﺠﺎوز 2 % ﻣﻦ ﺑﻌـﺪ اﻷرض ﻋـﻦ اﻟﺸـﻤﺲ . ﻳُﻜﻤﻞ ﺗﺮاﺑﻴﺴﺖ - 1b دورة ﻛﺎﻣﻠﺔ ﺣﻮل ﻧﺠﻤﻪ أي ﺳﻨﺘﻪ، ﰲ أرﺑﻌﺔ أﻳـﺎم أرﺿـﻴﺔ ﻓﻘـﻂ ﻟـﻢ . ﻳ ﻜﻤﻞ ﺗﺮاﺑﻴﺴـﺖ - 1b دورة ﻛﺎﻣﻠــﺔ ﺣــﻮل ﻧﺠﻤﻪ ﰲ أرﺑﻌـﺔ أﻳـﺎم أرﺿﻴﺔ ﻓﻘﻂ . ﻟﻢ ﻳﺮﺻﺪ ﺟﻬﺎز ﻣ ﻄﻴﺎف اﻷﺷﻌﺔ ﺗﺤﺖ اﻟﺤﻤﺮاء اﻟﻘﺮﻳﺒﺔ اﻟﺘﺎﺑﻊ ﻟﺘﻠ ﺴﻜﻮب وﻳﺐ أي ﺟﺰﻳﺌﺎت ﰲ ﺷﺎﺋﻌﺔ اﻟﻐ ـــﻼف اﻟﺠ ـــﻮي ﺗﺮاﺑﻴﺴــﺖ - 1b ﻣﺜــﻞ ا ﺎء أ و ا ﻴﺜﺎن أو ﺛﺎﻧﻲ أﻛﺴﻴﺪ اﻟﻜﺮﺑـﻮن ﻣـﻊ ذﻟﻚ ﺣﺪد ت ﺑﻴﻮﻟﻴـﺖ - ﺪةﻋ ﻏﺮﻳﺐ اﺣﺘﻤـﺎﻻ ت ﻟﻬﺬا اﻟﻜﻮﻛﺐ اﻟﺨﺎرﺟﻲ واﻟﺘﻲ ﻻ ﺗﺰال ﻣﻔﺘﻮﺣﺔ ﻟﻠﺪراﺳ ا ﺎت . ﺴﺘﻘﺒﻠﻴﺔ ﻋ ـﺪة ك ﻫﻨ ـﺎ أﺳ ـﺒﺎب ﻣﺤﺘﻤﻠﺔ ﻟﻌـﺪم رﺻـﺪ ﻏ ـﻼف ﺟ ـﻮي ﺣ ـﻮل اﻟ ﻜﻮﻛﺐ ﺗﺮاﺑﻴﺴﺖ - 1b ﻗــﺪ ﻳﻜــﻮن ﻏﻼﻓــﻪ اﻟﺠﻮي رﻗﻴﻘ ﺎً ﻟﻠﻐﺎﻳـﺔ ﻳﺼﻌﺐ رﺻﺪه ﻳﺸـﺒﻪ إﱃ ﺣﺪ ﻣﺎ ﻏﻼف ﻛﻮﻛﺐ ا ﺮﻳﺦ أو ﻗـﺪ ﻳﺤﺘـﻮي ﻋﲆ ﻏﻴﻮم ﻛﺜﻴﻔﺔ ﺟـﺪ اً وﻋﺎﻟﻴﺔ اﻻرﺗﻔـﺎع ﻣﻤـﺎ ﻳﻌﻴﻖ رﺻـﺪ ﺑﺼـﻤﺎت ﺟﺰﻳﺌﻴﺔ ﻣﺤﺪدة وﻫـﻮ اﻣﺮ أﺷﺒﻪ ﺑﻤﺎ ﻳﺤـﺪث ﰲ ﻛﻮﻛﺐ اﻟﺰﻫﺮة أو ﻗﺪ ﻳﻜﻮن ﺻﺨﺮة ﻗﺎﺣﻠـﺔ ﺑﻼ ﻏﻼف ﺟﻮي . ﺖ ﻛﻤﺎ ﻗﺎﻟـ ﺑﻴﻮﻟﻴـﺖ ﻏﺮﻳـﺐ - ﺑﻐﺾ اﻟﻨﻈﺮ ﻋﻦ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ ﻛﻮﻛﺐ ﺗﺮاﺑﻴﺴـﺖ - 1b ﻣﻦ اﻟﺼﻌﺐ أن ﻳﺤﺘﻔﻆ ﻛﻮﻛـﺐ ﻳـﺪور ﺣـﻮل ﻧﺠﻢ ﻗﺰم أﺣﻤﺮ ﺑﻐﻼف ﺟﻮي ﻣﺴـﻘﺮ ﻌـﺮف ﻳ. اﻟـﻨﺠﻢ ا ﻀـﻴﻒ ﻟﻠﻨﻈـﺎم ﺗﺮاﺑﻴﺴـﺖ -1 ﺑﺄﻧـﻪ ﻣﺘﻘﻠﺐ إذ ﻳﻄﻠﻖ ﻏﺎﻟﺒ ﺎً ﺗﻮﻫﺠﺎت ﻣﻦ اﻹﺷـﻌﺎع ﻋﺎﱄ اﻟﻄﺎﻗـﺔ ﻣـﻊ إﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴـﺔ ﺗﺠﺮﻳـﺪ ﻛ ﻮاﻛﺒـﻪ اﻟﺼﻐ ة ﻣﻦ أﻏﻠﻔﺘﻬﺎ اﻟﺠﻮﻳﺔ ﺧﺼﻮﺻـﺎً ﺗﻠـﻚ اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﺪور ﺑﺎﻟﻘﺮب ﻣﻨـﻪ وﻣـﻊ ذﻟـﻚ ﻳﺴـﻌﻰ اﻟﻌﻠﻤﺎء ﺟﺎﻫﺪﻳﻦ ﻟﻠﺒﺤﺚ ﻋﻦ دﻻﺋﻞ ﻋﲆ وﺟﻮد أﻏﻠﻔﺔ ﺟﻮﻳﺔ ﻋﲆ ﻛﻮاﻛﺐ ﻧﻈﺎم ﺗﺮاﺑﻴﺴـﺖ -1 ﻷن اﻟﻨﺠﻮم اﻟﻘﺰﻣﺔ اﻟﺤﻤﺮاء ﻫﻲ أﻛﺜﺮ اﻟﻨﺠﻮم ﺷﻴﻮﻋًﺎ ﰲ ﻣﺠﺮﺗﻨﺎ . إذا اﺳـﺘﻄﺎﻋﺖ اﻟﻜﻮاﻛـﺐ ﻷن اﻟﻨﺠﻮم اﻟﻘﺰﻣﺔ اﻟﺤﻤﺮاء ﻫﻲ أﻛﺜﺮ اﻟﻨﺠﻮم ﺎً ﺷﻴﻮﻋ . ﰲ ﻣﺠﺮﺗﻨﺎ ﻗﺎل ﺑﻴﻮرن ﺑﻴﻨﻴﻜﻲ ﻣﻦ ﻣﻌ ﻬﺪ أﺑﺤﺎث اﻟﻔﻀﺎء ﺑﺠﺎﻣﻌــﺔ ﻣﻮﻧﱰﻳــﺎل وا ﺆﻟــﻒ ا ﺸــﺎرك ﰲ اﻟﺪراﺳﺔ " : ﺗﺘﻴﺢ ﻟﻨـﺎ أﺟﻬـﺰة اﻷﺷـﻌﺔ ﺗﺤـﺖ اﻟﺤﻤﺮاء اﻟﺤﺴﺎﺳﺔ ﰲ ﺗﻠﺴﻜﻮب وﻳﺐ اﻟﺘﻌﻤـﻖ ﰲ أﻏﻠﻔﺔ ﻫﺬه اﻟﻜﻮاﻛﺐ اﻷﺻـﻐﺮ واﻷﺑـﺮد ﻷول ". ﻣﺮة : واﺿﺎف ﻟﻘـﺪ ﺑـﺪأﻧﺎ ﻟﻠﺘـﻮ ﺑﺎﺳـﺘﺨﺪام ﺗﻠﺴﻜﻮب وﻳﺐ ﻟﻠﺒﺤﺚ ﻋﻦ أﻏﻠﻔﺔ ﺟﻮﻳﺔ ﻋـﲆ ﻛﻮاﻛﺐ ﺑ ﺤﺠﻢ اﻷرض وﻟﺘﺤﺪﻳﺪ اﻟﺨﻂ اﻟﻔﺎﺻﻞ ﺑ اﻟﻜﻮاﻛﺐ اﻟﺘﻲ ﻳﻤﻜﻨﻬﺎ اﻻﺣﺘﻔﺎظ ﺑﻐـﻼف ﺟﻮي وﺗﻠﻚ اﻟﺘﻲ ﻻ ﺗﺴـﺘﻄﻴﻊ ذﻟـﻚ وﻻ ﺗـﺰال ﻋﻤﻠﻴ ـﺎت رﺻـﺪ ﺗﻠﺴـﻜﻮب وﻳ ـﺐ ﻟﻜﻮاﻛ ـﺐ اﻟﺨﺎرﺟﻴﺔ ﰲ ﻧﻈـﺎم ﺗﺮاﺑﻴﺴـﺖ -1 ﻣﺴـﺘﻤﺮة ﻓ ﻬﻲ ﻛﻮاﻛﺐ ﺗﻨﻄﻮي ﻋﲆ إﻣﻜﺎﻧﺎت وﻣﺨﺎﻃﺮ . ﻓﻤﻦ ﻧﺎﺣﻴﺔ اﺧﺮة حﴏ ﺑﻴﻮرن ﺑﻴﻨﻴﻜـﻲ ﺑـﺄن اﻟﻜﻮاﻛﺐ اﻷﺧﺮ ى ﰲ ﻧﻈـﺎم ﺗﺮاﺑﻴﺴـﺖ -1 ﻗـﺪ ﺗﻜﻮن ﻟﺪﻳﻬ ﺎ ﻓﺮص أﻓﻀﻞ ﻟﻮﺟﻮد أﻏﻠﻔﺔ ﺟﻮﻳﺔ اً ﻧﻈﺮ ﻟﺒﻌﺪﻫﺎ ﻋﻦ اﻻﻧﻔﺠﺎرات اﻟﻨﺸﻄﺔ ﻟﻨﺠﻤﻬﺎ ا ﻀﻴﻒ وﻣﻊ ذﻟﻚ ﻓﺈن ﺑ ﻌﺪﻫﺎ وﺑﻴﺌﺘﻬﺎ اﻟﺒﺎردة ﺳﻴﺠﻌﻼن ﻣﻦ اﻟﺼﻌﺐ رﺻﺪ ﺑﺼﻤﺎت اﻟﻐﻼف اﻟﺠﻮي ﺣﺘﻰ ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪام أﺟﻬﺰة ﺗﻠﺴﻜﻮب وﻳﺐ اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﻌﻤﻞ ﺑﺎﻷﺷﻌﺔ ﺗﺤﺖ اﻟﺤﻤﺮاء . ﺖﻗﺎﻟو ﺑﻴﻮﻟﻴﺖ : " ﻏﺮﻳﺐ - ﻧ ﻟﻢ ﻔﻘﺪ اﻷﻣﻞ ﺑﻌﺪ ﰲ وﺟﻮد أﻏﻠﻔﺔ ﺟﻮﻳﺔ ﺣﻮل اﻟﻨﺠﻢ ﺗﺮاﺑﻴﺴـﺖ -1 ﻋﲆ اﻟﺮﻏﻢ ﻣﻦ أﻧﻨﺎ ﻟﻢ ﻧﻌﺜﺮ ﻋﲆ أﺛﺮ ﺟﻮي ﻛﺒ و اﺿﺢ ﻋﲆ اﻟﻜﻮﻛﺐ ﺗﺮاﺑﻴﺴﺖ - 1b إﻻ أﻧـﻪ ﻻ ﻳ ـﺰال ﻣ ـﻦ ا ﺤﺘﻤ ـﻞ أن ﺗﺤﺘ ـﻮي اﻟﻜﻮاﻛ ـﺐ اﻟﺨﺎرﺟﻴـﺔ ﻋـﲆ ﻛﻤﻴـﺎت ﻛﺒ ـ ة ﻣـﻦ ا ـﺎء وﻣﻜﻮﻧﺎت ﺟﻮﻳﺔ أﺧﺮى . و ﻗﺎل ﺷﻮن دوﻣﺎﺟﺎل ن ﻏﻮﻟﺪﻣﺎ اﻟﻘﺎﺋﻢ ﺑﺄﻋﻤﺎل ﻣﺪﻳﺮ ﻗﺴﻢ اﻟﻔﻴﺰﻳﺎء اﻟﻔﻠﻜﻴﺔ ﰲ ﻣﻘـﺮ وﻛﺎﻟـﺔ ﻧﺎﺳﺎ ﺑﻮاﺷﻨﻄﻦ " : ﰲ اﻟﻮﻗﺖ اﻟﺬي ﺗﻘـﻮد ﻓﻴـﻪ ﻧﺎﺳﺎ ا ﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﻋﻦ ﺣﻴﺎة ﰲ اﻟﻜﻮن ﻓـﺈن ا ﻬﻤـﺔ اﻷﺳﺎﺳﻴﺔ ﻫﻲ ﻓﻬﻢ ا ﻟﻜﻮاﻛـﺐ اﻟﺘـﻲ ﺗﺤـﺘﻔﻆ ﺑﻐﻼﻓﻬﺎ اﻟﺠﻮي وأﺳﺒﺎب ذﻟﻚ ." :" واﺿﺎف ﻟﻘﺪ دﻓﻊ ﺗﻠﺴﻜﻮب وﻳـﺐ ﻗـﺪراﺗﻨﺎ ﻋ ـﲆ دراﺳــﺔ اﻷﻏﻠﻔــﺔ اﻟﺠﻮﻳ ـﺔ ﻟﻠ ﻜﻮاﻛــﺐ اﻟﺨﺎرﺟﻴﺔ إﱃ آﻓﺎق أﺑﻌﺪ ﺑﻤﺎ ﰲ ذﻟﻚ اﻟﻜﻮاﻛـﺐ اﻟﺼـﺨﺮﻳﺔ وﺳـﻴﻤﻜﻦ ﻫـﺬا اﻟﻌﻤـﻞ ﺑﻌﺜﺎﺗﻨـﺎ اﻟﻘﺎدﻣﺔ ﻣﺜﻞ ﻣﺮﺻﺪ اﻟﻌﻮاﻟﻢ اﻟﺼﺎﻟﺤﺔ ﻟﻠ ﺤﻴﺎة اﻟﺘﺎﺑﻊ ﻟ ﻮﻛﺎﻟﺔ ﻧﺎﺳﺎ ﻣﻦ اﻹﺟﺎﺑﺔ ﻋـﲆ اﻟ ﺴـﺆال اﻟﻘﺪﻳﻢ : ﻫﻞ ﻧﺤﻦ وﺣﺪﻧﺎ . ﰲ اﻟﻜﻮن؟ ﻧﻮﻓﻤﺒﺮ - ﺩﻳﺴﻤﺒﺮ 2 0 2 5