Free Astronomy Magazine November-December 2025 ARABIC VERSION

27 streams of gas ejec- ted at high speeds from near the star — can carry away the excessrotationalen- ergy, thereby easing the inward move- ment of material. However,thelaunch- ing points of these jets are extremely closetothestar,only tens of times closer than Earth is to the Sun,andpreviousob- servations have not beensufficienttore- solvetheirdetailsor clearly determine their origins. An international research team led by Chin-FeiLeeattheAcademiaSinica Institute of Astronomy and Astro- physics (ASIAA) used the Atacama LargeMillimeter/submillimeterAr- ray (ALMA) in Chile to observe an extremely young protostar system calledHH211.Thisprotostarisonly about35,000yearsold,hasjust6% oftheSun’smass,andislocatedap- proximately1,000light-yearsaway. Itfeaturesabrightbipolarjet,and notably, this jet is one of the few knownexampleswhereamagnetic fieldhasbeendetected,providinga rare opportunity to test models of magnetic-field–driven ejection. The observations reveal that the jet moves at over 100 kilometers per secondbutrotatesveryslowly,with a specific angular momentum of only 4 au·km/s [this unit measures how many astronomical units an objecttravelsinonesecond].Using conservationofangularmomentum and energy, the team determined that the jet originates from the in- nermostedgeoftheaccretiondisk, just0.02astronomicalunitsfromthe star— inexcellentagreementwith the theoretical X-wind model. This modelexplainshowamagneticfield canactlikeaslingshottopropelgas outward,anditpredictsamagnetic fieldstrengthconsistentwithprevi- ous measurements. This discovery marks the first time thelaunchpointofamagnetizedjet has been identified with such high precision, directly confirming that jetsaretrulythe“plumbers”ofstar formation—removing the last bitsofangularmomentumfromtheac- cretion disk so material can fall smoothly onto the star. In the fu- ture, these observations will not only help solve the mystery of how starsformbutalsoenhanceourun- derstanding of the early stages of planetformation,sinceplanetsde- velopwithinthesesamedisks.     NOVEMBER-DECEMBER2025 -ﰲ- ﺗﺸ ﱄ ﻣﻦ ﻣﻌﻬﺪ أﻛﺎدﻳﻤﻴﺔ ﺳﻴﻨﻴﻜﺎ ﻟﻌﻠﻢ اﻟﻔﻠﻚ واﻟﻔﻴﺰﻳﺎء اﻟﻔﻠﻜﻴﺔ (ASIAA) ﻣﺼﻔﻮﻓﺔ أﺗﺎﻛﺎﻣﺎ ا ﻠﻴﻤﱰﻳ ﺔ وﺗﺤﺖ ا ﻠﻴﻤﱰﻳـﺔ اﻟﻜﺒـ ة أ ﺎ) ( ﰲ ﺗﺸﻴﲇ ﻟ ﺮﺻﺪ ﻧﺠﻢ أوﱄ ﺣ ﺪﻳﺚ اﻟﻨﺸﺄة ﻳﺪﻋﻰ HH211 ﻳﺒﻠﻎ ﻋﻤـﺮ ﻫـﺬا اﻟـﻨﺠﻢ اﻷوﱄ ﺣﻮاﱄ 35,000 ﻋﺎم ﻓﻘﻂ وﺗﺒﻠـﻎ ﻛﺘﻠﺘـﻪ 6 % ﻓﻘﻂ ﻣﻦ ﻛﺘﻠﺔ اﻟﺸﻤﺲ وﻳﻘﻊ ﻋـﲆ ﻣﺴـﺎﻓﺔ ﺗﻘﺎرب 1000 . ﺳﻨﺔ ﺿﻮﺋﻴﺔ ﻳﺘﻤﻴﺰ ﻫﺬا اﻟﻨﺠﻢ ﺑﻨﻔﺚ ﺛﻨﺎﺋﻲ اﻟﻘﻄﺐ ﺳﺎﻃﻊ واﻟﺠﺪﻳ ﺮ ﺑﺎﻟﺬﻛﺮ أن ﻫﺬا اﻟﻨﻔﺚ ﻳ ﻌﺪ أﺣﺪ اﻷﻣﺜﻠﺔ اﻟﻘﻠﻴﻠﺔ ا ﻌﺮوﻓـﺔ اﻟﺘـﻲ ر ا ﺻـﺪ ﻓﻴﻬـﺎ ﺠـﺎل ا ﻐـ ﻨﺎﻃﻴﴘ ﻣﻤﺎ ﻳﻮﻓﺮ ﻓﺮﺻﺔ ﻧﺎدرة ﻻﺧﺘﺒـﺎر ﻧﻤﺎذج اﻟﻘﺬف اﻟﻨﺎﺗﺞ ﻋﻦ ا ﺠﺎل ا ﻐ ﻨﺎﻃﻴﴘ ـ . ﺗﻜﺸﻒ اﻷرﺻﺎد أن اﻟﻨﻔﺚ ﻳﺘﺤﺮك ﺑﴪﻋﺔ ﺗﺰﻳﺪ ﻋﻦ 100 ﻛﻴﻠﻮﻣﱰ ﰲ اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴﺔ وﻟﻜﻨﻪ ﻳﺪور ﺑﺒﻂء ﺷـﺪﻳﺪ ﺑـﺰﺧﻢ زاوي ﻣﺤـﺪد ﻳﺒﻠـﻎ 4 وﺣـﺪة / ﻠﻜﻴﺔ ﻣ ﺛﺎﻧﻴﺔ ﻓﻘﻂ ] ﺗﻘﻴﺲ ﻫﺬه اﻟﻮﺣﺪة ﻋﺪد اﻟﻮﺣﺪات اﻟﺰاوﻳﺔ اﻟﺘﻲ ﻳﻘﻄﻌﻬﺎ ﺟﺴﻢ ﰲ ﺛﺎﻧﻴﺔ [ واﺣﺪة وﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪام ﻣﺒﺪأ اﻟﺤﻔﺎظ ﻋﲆ اﻟﺰﺧﻢ اﻟﺰاوي واﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ ﺣﺪد اﻟﻔﺮﻳﻖ أن اﻟﻨﻔﺚ ﻳﻨﺸـﺄ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺤﺎﻓﺔ اﻟﺪاﺧﻠﻴـﺔ ﻟﻘـﺮص اﻟـﱰاﻛﻢ ﻋـﲆ ﻣﺴﺎﻓﺔ 0.02 وﺣﺪة ﻓﻠﻜﻴﺔ ﻓﻘﻂ ﻣـﻦ اﻟـﻨﺠﻢ وﻫﻮ ﻣﺎ ﻻ ﻳﺘﻮاﻓﻖ ﺗﻤﺎﻣ ﺎً اﻟ ﻣﻊ ﻨﻤﻮذج اﻟﻨﻈﺮي ﻟﻠﺮﻳﺎح ﻣﻦ اﻟﻨﻮع أ . ﻳﻮﺿﺢ ﻫﺬا اﻟﻨﻤﻮذج ﻛﻴﻒ ﻳ ﻤﻜﻦ ﻟﻠﻤﺠﺎل ا ﻐ ـ ﻨﺎﻃﻴﴘ أن ﻳﻌ ﻤﻞ ﻛﻤﻘﻼع ﻟﺪﻓﻊ اﻟﻐﺎز ﻧﺤﻮ اﻟﺨﺎرج وﻳﺘﻨ ﺎﺳﺐ ﻗﻮة اﻟﺪﻓﻊ ﻣﻊ ﻗﻮة ا ﺠﺎل ا ﻐﻨﺎﻃﻴﴘ ﺑﻤ ﺎ ﻳﺘﻮاﻓـﻖ ﻣـﻊ اﻟﻘﻴﺎﺳﺎت اﻟﺴﺎﺑﻘﺔ ﻳو . ﻤﺜﻞ ﻫـﺬا اﻻﻛﺘﺸـﺎف ا ﺮة اﻷوﱃ اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗُﺤﺪد ﻓﻴﻬـﺎ ﻧﻘﻄـﺔ اﻧﻄـﻼق اﻟﻨﻔﺎﺛﺎت ا ﻐﻨﺎﻃﻴﺴﻴﺔ ﺑﻬﺬه اﻟﺪﻗﺔ اﻟﻌﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﻣﻤﺎ ﻳﺆﻛـﺪ ﻣﺒ ـﺎﴍةً أن اﻟﻨﻔ ﺎ ﺛـﺎت ﻫـﻲ ﺑﺎ ﻟﻔﻌـﻞ ﻟ" ﻣﺪﺧﻞ " ﺘﻜﻮﻳﻦ اﻟﻨﺠﻮم إذ ﺗﻌﻤﻞ ﻋﲆ إزاﻟـﺔ آﺧﺮ ﻣﺎ ﺗﺒﻘﻰ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺰﺧﻢ اﻟـﺰاوي ﻣـﻦ ﻗـﺮص اﻟﱰاﻛﻢ ﻣﻤﺎ ﻳﺴﻤﺢ ﻟﻠﻤﻮاد ﺑﺎﻟﺴﻘﻮط ﺑﺴﻼﺳﺔ ﻋﲆ اﻟﻨﺠﻢ و . ﰲ ا ﺴـﺘﻘﺒﻞ ﻟـﻦ ﺗ ﺴـﺎﻋﺪ ﻫـﺬه ا ﻼﺣﻈﺎت اﻟﺠﺪﻳﺪة ﰲ ﺣﻞ ﻟﻐﺰ ﻛﻴﻔﻴﺔ ﺗﺸـﻜﻞ اﻟﻨﺠﻮم ﻓﺤﺴـﺐ ﺑـﻞ ﺳـﺘ ﻌﺰز أﻳﻀًـﺎ ﻓﻬﻤﻨـﺎ ﻟﻠﻤﺮاﺣﻞ ا ﺒﻜﺮة ﻟﺘﻜﻮﻳﻦ اﻟﻜﻮاﻛﺐ إذ ﺗﺘﻄـﻮر اﻟﻜﻮاﻛﺐ داﺧﻞ ﻫﺬه اﻷﻗﺮاص ﻧﻔﺴﻬﺎ . ﻛﻤﺎ أن ﻫﺬا اﻟﺘﻘﺪم اﻟﻌﻠﻤﻲ ﻳﻔﺘﺢ آﻓﺎﻗًﺎ ﺟﺪﻳﺪة أﻣﺎم اﻟﺪراﺳﺎت اﻟﻔﻠﻜﻴﺔ وﻳﻤﻜّﻦ اﻟﻌﻠﻤﺎء ﻣـﻦ ﺗﺘﺒﻊ ﺗﻄﻮر اﻟﻨﺠﻮم اﻷوﻟﻴﺔ ﺑﺪﻗﺔ أﻛـﱪ ورﺑﻤـﺎ ﻳ ﺴﻬﻢ ﰲ اﻛﺘﺸﺎف ﺑﻴﺌﺎت ﻣﺸﺎﺑ ﻬﺔ ﻗﺪ ﺗﻜـﻮن ﺻﺎﻟﺤﺔ ﻟﻨﺸﻮء اﻟﺤﻴﺎة . رﺻــــﺪ ــــﺐ وﻣﺮﺻــــﺪ أﻟﻤــــﺎ ﺗﻠﺴــــ ﻮب و اﻟﻨﻔــــﺚ اﻟو ﺘــــﺪﻓﻖ اﻟـــــ ﺨﺎرﺟﻲ ﻟﻠــــﻨ ﻢ اﻷ وﻟــــﻲ 211 HH . ﺗﻈﻬــــﺮ اﻟﺼــــﻮرة ـــــﺐ ـــــﺔ ﻟﺘﻠﺴـــــ ﻮب و اﻟﻤﺮﻛ ) اﻟﻤﻠﻮﻧــــــﺔ ( اﻟﻨﻔـــــﺚ واﻟﺘـــــﺪﻓﻖ اﻟـــــ ـ ﺨﺎرﺟﻲ اﻟﻠــــــﺬﻳﻦ ﻨ ﻌﺜـــــﺎن ﻣـــــﻦ ﺧﻄـــــﻮط اﻧ ﻌــــــﺎث وأول أﻛﺴـــ ﺪ اﻟﻜﺮـــﻮن ﻓـــﻲ اﻷﺷـــﻌﺔ ﺗﺤـــﺖ اﻟــ ــﺪروﺟ اﻟﻬ ـ ـــﻒ اﻟﻤﺤـــ ﻂ ـــﺎر اﻟﻜﺜ ﻤﺮاء وﻣـــﻊ ذﻟـــﻚ ﻳﺤﺠـــﺐ اﻟﻐ ــﺔ ـﺎﻟﻨ ﻢ اﻷوﻟـﻲ رؤ ا ـﻞ اﻟﻨﻔـﺚﺿــﻤﻦ ﻧﻄـﺎقﺣـﻮاﻟﻲ ﻟﻬ ﺎ 1000 ـﺔ وﺣــﺪة ﻓﻠﻜ . ﻓـﻲ اﻟﻤﻘﺎﺑــﻞ ﺗﺨـ ق ﺻـﻮرة اﻟﺘﻘﻄﻬـﺎ ﻣﺮﺻـﺪ أﻟﻤـﺎ ﻓـﻲ ﻧﻄـﺎق دون اﻟﻤﻠ أول أﻛﺴ ﺪ اﻟﻜﺮﻮن اﻟ )ﻤـ اﻟﻤﻮﺿـﺤﺔ ﺘـﺪرج اﻟﺮ ( ﻣـﺎد ﻫـﺬﻩ اﻟﻤﻨﻄﻘﺔ اﻟﻤﻌﺘﻤﺔ ﺎﺷﻔﺔ ﺑﻮﺿﻮح ﻋﻦ اﻧﻄﻼق اﻟﻨﻔﺚ ﻣﻦ ﻗﺮص اﻟ ا ﻢ ) اﻷﺧﻀﺮ .( [Lee et al.] 27 اﻟﻨﻔﺎﺛﺎت اﻟ ﻳﺔ ﻐﺎز ا ﻘﺬوﻓـﺔ ـﺑ ﴪﻋﺎت ﻋﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﻣﻦ ﻗـﺮ ب اﻟ ـﻨﺠﻢ ﻳﻤ ﻜ ـﻦ أن ﺗﺤﻤ ـﻞ ﻃﺎﻗـﺔ دوران زاﺋـﺪة ﻣﻤـﺎ ﻳﺴــﻬﻞ ﺣﺮﻛــﺔ ا ــﻮاد إﱃ اﻟﺪاﺧﻞ وﻣﻊ ذﻟﻚ ﻓﺈن ﻧﻘﺎط اﻧﻄــﻼق ﻫــﺬه اﻟﻨﻔﺎﺛــﺎت ﻗﺮﻳﺒﺔ ﻟﻠﻐﺎﻳـﺔ ﻣـﻦ اﻟـﻨﺠﻢ أﻗﺮب ﺑﻌﴩا ت ا ﺮات ﻓﻘﻂ ﻣــﻦ ا ﺴـﺎﻓﺔ ﺑـ اﻷرض اﻟﺸﻤﺲ و وﻟﻢ ﺗﻜﻦ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎت اﻟﺮﺻ ـﺪ اﻟﺴ ـﺎﺑﻘﺔ ﻛﺎﻓﻴ ـﺔ ﻟﺘﺤﻠﻴ ﻞ ﺗﻔﺎﺻﻴﻠﻬﺎ أو ﺗﺤﺪﻳﺪ أﺻـﻮﻟﻬﺎ ﺑﺪﻗـﺔ . اﺳـﺘﺨﺪ م ﻓﺮﻳـﻖ ﺑﺤـﺚ دوﱄ ﺑﻘﻴـﺎدة ﺗﺸ ـ -ﰲ- ﱄ ﻣ ـﻦ ﻣﻌﻬ ـﺪ ﻧﻮﻓﻤﺒﺮ - ﺩﻳﺴﻤﺒﺮ 2 0 2 5