Free Astronomy Magazine November-December 2025 ARABIC VERSION

in such environments could proceed via a relatively stable disk around the star that is expected in theoret- ical models of star formation known ascoreaccretion,” saidTan. “Once we found a massive star launching thesejets,werealizedwecoulduse the Webb observations to test the- ories of massive star formation. We developednewtheoreticalcoreac- cretion models that werefittothedata, to basically tell us what kind of star is in the center. These models imply that the star is about 10 times the mass of the Sun and is still growing and has been powering this outflow.” For more than 30 years, as- tronomers have dis- agreed about how massive stars form. Some think a mas- sive star requires a verychaoticprocess, called competitive accretion. In the competitive accretionmodel,ma- terial falls in from many different di- rections so that the orientation of the disk changes over time.Theoutflowis launched perpendicularly, aboveand below the disk, and so would also appear to twist and turn in dif- ferent directions. “However, what we’ve seen here, tthewholehistory – tory–isthatthe hejetsarenearly tfromeachother. hiscentraldiskis alidatesapredic- cretiontheory,” here’sonemassive ld be others in this f the Milky Way. stars may not yet pointoffiringoff tyle outflows. Data aLargeMillimeter ArrayinChile,alsopresentedinthis study,hasfoundanotherdensestel- larcorethatcouldbeinanearlier stageofconstruction.    NOVEMBER-DECEMBER2025 ﻣﺠﻠﺔ FreeAstronomy ﺎﻟﻌﺮ ﺔ 18 اﺳـﺘﺨﺪام أرﺻـﺎد ﺗﻠﺴـﻜﻮب وﻳـﺐ ﻻﺧﺘﺒـﺎر ﻧﻈﺮﻳﺎت ﺗ ﺸﻤﻞ اﻟﻨﺠﻮم اﻟﻀﺨﻤﺔ وﻗﺪ ﻃﻮرﻧـ ﺎ ﻧﻤﺎذج ﻧﻈﺮﻳﺔ ﺟﺪﻳﺪة ﻟﱰاﻛﻢ اﻟﻠـﺐ ﻣﻄﺎﺑﻘـﺔ ﻟﻠﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎت ﻟﺘﺨﱪﻧﺎ ﻋﻦ ﻧﻮع اﻟـﻨﺠﻢ ا ﻮﺟـﻮد ﰲ ا ﺮﻛﺰ . ﱃ أن ﻛﺘﻠﺔ اﻟـﻨﺠﻢ ا ﺮﻛﺰ . ﺗُﺸ ﻫﺬه اﻟﻨﻤﺎذج إﱃ أن ﻛﺘﻠﺔ اﻟـﻨﺠﻢ ﺗُﻌﺎدل ﺣﻮاﱄ ﻋﴩة أﺿـﻌﺎ ف ﻛﺘﻠـﺔ اﻟﺸـﻤﺲ وأﻧﻪ ﻻ ﻳﺰال ﻳﻨﻤﻮ وﻳﻐﺬ ي ﻫﺬا اﻟﺘﺪﻓﻖ . ﻷﻛﺜـﺮ ﻣﻦ 30 ﺎً ﻋﺎﻣ وﻗﺪ اﺧﺘﻠﻒ ﻋﻠﻤﺎء ا ﻟﻔﻠـﻚ ﺣـﻮل ﻛﻴﻔﻴ ـﺔ ﺗﺸ ـﻜ ﻞ ا ﻟﻨﺠ ـﻮم اﻟﻀﺨﻤﺔ . ﻳﻌﺘﻘﺪ اﻟـﺒﻌﺾ أن اﻟﻨﺠﻢ اﻟﻀﺨﻢ ﻳﺘﻄﻠـﺐ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﻓﻮﺿـﻮﻳﺔ ﻟﻠﻐﺎﻳـﺔ ﺗﺴﻤﻰ اﻟﱰاﻛﻢ اﻟﺘﻨ ﺎﻓﴘـ واﻟﺬي ﻳﺸـ إﱃ أن ا ـﻮاد ﺗﺘﺴﺎﻗﻂ ﻣـﻦ اﺗﺠﺎﻫـﺎت ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻔـﺔ ﻣﻤـﺎ ﻳـﺆدي إﱃ ﺗﻐ اﺗﺠﺎه اﻟﻘﺮصﺑﻤ ﺮور اﻟﻮﻗــﺖ ﺣﻴــﺚ ﻳﻨﻄﻠــﻖ اﻟﺘــﺪﻓﻖ ﻋﻤﻮدﻳــﺎً ﻓــﻮق اﻟﻘﺮص وأﺳﻔﻠﻪ وﺑﺎﻟﺘـﺎﱄ ﻳﺒــﺪو وﻛﺄﻧ ــﻪ ﻳﻠﺘــﻮي وﻳﻨ ــﺪﻓﻊ ﰲ اﺗﺠﺎﻫ ــﺎت . ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ وﻣﻊ ذﻟﻚ ﻓﺈن ﻣﺎ رأﻳﻨﺎه ﻫﻨـﺎ ﻷﻧﻨـﺎ ﻧﻤﺘﻠـﻚ اﻟﺘﺎرﻳﺦ اﻟﻜﺎﻣﻞ – اﻟﻘﺼﺔ اﻟﺸــــﺎﻣﻠﺔ - ﻫــــﻮ أن اﻟﺠـــﺎﻧﺒ ا ﺘﻘـــﺎﺑﻠ ﻟﻠﻨﻔﺎﺛﺎت ﻳﻔﺼـﻞ ﺑﻴﻨﻬﻤـﺎ ﻣﺎ ﻳﻘﺮب ﻣﻦ 180 درﺟـﺔ و ﻫــﺬا ﻳﺨﱪﻧــﺎ أن ﻫــﺬا اﻟﻘـﺮص ا ﺮﻛـﺰي ﺛﺎﺑـﺖ وﻳﺜﺒﺖ ﺻﺤﺔ ﺗﻨﺒﺆ ﻧﻈﺮﻳﺔ ــــــــــــــــــــــ ﺗﺮاﻛﻢ اﻟﻨﻮاة ﻓﺤﻴﺜﻤﺎ ﻳﻮﺟﺪ ﻧﺠﻢ ﺿﺨﻢ واﺣ ﺪ ﻗـﺪ ﺗﻮﺟـﺪ ﻧﺠـﻮم أﺧـﺮى ﰲ ﻫــﺬه اﻟﺤـﺪود اﻟﺨﺎرﺟﻴﺔ ﺠﺮة درب اﻟﺘﺒﺎﻧﺔ . ﻗﺪ ﻻ ﺗﻜﻮن اﻟﻨﺠـﻮم اﻟﻀـﺨﻤﺔ اﻷﺧـﺮى ﻗـﺪ وﺻﻠﺖ ﺑﻌﺪ إﱃ ﻣﺮﺣﻠﺔ إﻃـ ﻼق ﺗـﺪﻓﻘﺎت ﻋـﲆ ﺷﻜﻞ ﺷﻤﻌﺔ روﻣﺎﻧﻴﺔ وﻗﺪ ﻛﺸﻔﺖ ﺑﻴﺎﻧﺎت ﻣﻦ ﻣﺼﻔﻮﻓﺔ أﺗﺎﻛ ﺎﻣﺎ ا ﻠﻴﻤﱰﻳﺔ اﻟﻜﺒـ ة وﺗﺤـﺖ ا ﻠﻴﻤﱰﻳﺔ ﰲ ﺗﺸﻴﲇ وا ﻘﺪﻣـﺔ أﻳﻀـ ﺎً ﰲ ﻫـﺬه اﻟﺪراﺳﺔ ﻋﻦ ﻧﻮاة ﻧﺠﻤﻴﻪ ﻛﺜﻴﻔـﺔ أﺧـﺮى ﻗـﺪ ﺗﻜﻮن ﰲ ﻣﺮﺣﻠﺔ ﻣﺒﻜﺮة ﻣﻦ اﻟﺘﻜﻮﻳﻦ . ﺗﻔﺘﺢ ﻫﺬه اﻟﻨﺘ ﺎﺋﺞ آﻓﺎﻗًﺎ ﺟﺪﻳﺪة ﻟﻔﻬﻢ ﻛﻴﻔﻴـﺔ ﺗﺸﻜ ﻞ اﻟﻨﺠﻮم اﻟﻀﺨ ﻤﺔ وﺗﺄﺛ ﻫﺎ ﻋﲆ ﺑﻴﺌﺘﻬـﺎ ا ﺤﻴﻄﺔ و ﻫﺬا ﻳﺘﻴﺢ ﻟﻠﻌﻠﻤﺎء دراﺳﺔ ﺗـﺄﺛ ات اﻟﺘﺪﻓﻘﺎت ﻋﲆ اﻟﺴـﺤﺐ اﻟﻐﺎزﻳـﺔ واﻟﻐﺒﺎرﻳـﺔ ا ﺤﻴﻄﺔ ﻣﺎ ﻳﻌﻄﻲ رؤى ﻣﻬﻤﺔ ﺣـﻮل ﻛﻴﻔﻴـﺔ ﺗﺸﻜﻞ ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋ ﺎت ﻧﺠﻤﻴـﻪ ﺿـﺨﻤﺔ وﺗـﻮﻓ إﻃﺎر اً ﻻﺧﺘﺒ ﺎر اﻟﻨﻤﺎذج اﻟﺤﺎﺳﻮﺑﻴﺔ ا ﺴﺘﻘﺒﻠﻴﺔ وﺗﺤﺴ ﻓﻬﻤﻨﺎ ﻟﻠﻔﻴﺰﻳـﺎء اﻷﺳﺎﺳـﻴﺔ ﺣـﻮل ﺗﺸﻜﻞ اﻟﻨﺠﻮم اﻟﻀﺨﻤﺔ ﰲ ا .ﺠﺮة ﻧﻮﻓﻤﺒﺮ - ﺩﻳﺴﻤﺒﺮ 2 0 2 5 اﻷرض . ﺗﻤﺘــــﺪ اﻟﺘــــﺪﻓﻘﺎت اﻟـــــ ـ ﺨﺎرﺟ ﺔ ﻣــــﻦ اﻟــــﻨ ﻢ اﻷوﻟـــــﻲ اﻟﻤﺮﻛــــﺰي اﻟﻀــــ ﻢ ﻳــــﺰن اﻟـــــﺬ 10 أﺿـــــﻌﺎفوزن اﻟﺸﻤﺲ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺴﺎﻓﺔ ﺣﻮاﻟﻲ 8 ﺳـﻨﻮاتﺿـﻮﺋ ﺔ . ﺎﻟﻤﻘﺎر ـﺔ ﻳ ﻠـﻎ ﻃـﻮل اﻟﻨﻔـﺚ ﺻـﻮ اﻟـﺬ ـﺐ ﻓـﻲ رﻩ و ﻣﻨﻄﻘﺔ ﺗ ﻮّن اﻟﻨﺠﻮم ﻣﻨﺨﻔﻀﺔ اﻟﻜﺘﻠﺔ اﻟﻘﺮ ﺔ ﻣﻦ رو أوﻓﻴﻮﺷﻲﺳﻨﺔ ﺿﻮﺋ ﺔ واﺣﺪة ﻓﻘﻂ . [NASA, ESA, CSA, STScI, Yu Cheng (NAOJ); Animation: Joseph DePasquale (STScI)] ﻈﻬــــــﺮ ـــــــﺪﻳﻮ ﻫـــــــﺬا اﻟﻔ ـ اﻟـــــــ ﺤ ﻢ اﻟﻨﺴـــــــ ﻟﻨﻔﺜـــــــ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻔـــ أوﻟﻴـــ ﻧ ﻤﻴــ ﺗــﻢ ﻣﺤﺎ ﺎﺗﻬﻤــﺎ ﺑﻮاﺳــﻄﺔ ـــــــﺐ ﺗﻠﺴــــــ ﻮبﺟـــــــ ﻤﺲو اﻟﻔﻀــــﺎﺋﻲ اﻟﺘــــﺎﺑﻊ ﻟ ﻮ ﺎﻟـــــﺔ ﻧﺎﺳــــــــﺎ . اﻟﺼــــــــﻮرة اﻷوﻟــــــــﻰ اﻟﻤ ﻌﺮوﺿـــــــﺔ ﻫـــــــﻲ ﻧﻔـــــــﺚ ﻧ ﻤــــــــــــﻲ أوﻟـــــــــــــﻲﺿـــــــــــــ ﻢ ــــﺔ ﻘــــﻊ ﻓــــﻲ اﻟــــﻨ ﻢ ﻟﻠﻐﺎ Sh2-284 ﻋﻠــــــــــــﻰ ُﻌــــــــــــﺪ 15.000 ﺳﻨﺔ ﺿﻮﺋ ﺔ ﻣﻦ ـــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــ ـــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــ ﺎـــــ ﺻﻮرة ﻣﺮﻛ ﺔ ﻣﻠﻮﻧﺔ ﻟﻤﻨﻄﻘﺔ Sh2-284 ﺗﻢ اﻟـ ﻮﺤﺼ ل ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﺪﻣﺞ ﺻـﻮرﻫ ﺷـﻞ ﻋﻨـﺪ ـﺔ أﻃـﻮال ﻣﻮﺟ 250 ﻣ ﻜـﺮوﻣ أزرق) و( 350 ﻣ ﻜﺮوﻣ أﺧﻀﺮ ) و( 500 ﻣ ﻜﺮوﻣ أ ﻤﺮ ) ﺗ(. ـﺔ ﺸ اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻄ ﻼت أو اﻟﺪواﺋﺮ اﻟﻤﻠﻮﻧﺔ إﻟـﻰﻣﺠـﺎل رؤ ) FOV ( ﻷرﺻـﺎد ﻣـﻦ ﻋـﺪة ﻣﺮاﺻـﺪ ﻤـﺎ ﻓـﻲذﻟـﻚ ـ ـﺐ وﺗﻠﺴـ ﻮب ﻫﺎﺑـﻞ وﺗﻠﺴـ ﻮبﺟ ﻤ ﻣﺮﺻـﺪ أﻟﻤـﺎ وﺗﻠﺴــ ﻮب و وﻣﺮﺻــﺪ ﺗﺸـﺎﻧﺪرا . ﺎﻟﻨﺴـ ﺔ ﻟ ﺘﺸـﺎﻧﺪرا ﻈﻬـﺮ أ ﻀـﺎً ﻣﺠــﺎل رؤ ﺔ ﺑﺮﺎﻣﺞ رﺻﺪ أرﺷ ﻔﻲ ﺴﺘﻬﺪف ﻋﻨﻘﻮد Dolidze 25 وﺗﻮﻓﺮﻫﺬﻩ اﻟﺼﻮرة ﻣﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎت ﺣﻮل ﺗﻮز ﻊ اﻟﻐ ﺎرواﻟﻐﺎز و ﺗ ﻮﻳﻦ اﻟﻨﺠﻮم (dashed rectangle; M. G. Guarcello et al. 2021). [ApJ, Y. Cheng et al.]