Free Astronomy Magazine September-October 2026 ARABIC VERSION

is key to determining whether the heatingwasfrombeingengulfedby theredgiantoroccurredduringan inward migration They concluded that the heating mostlikelyhappenedbetween3 and 5.5 billion years after the star became a white dwarf. In this sce- nario, the planet was on a wideorbit that kept it safe from the star during its destructive red giant phase,andonlymigratedtoitspres-ent location later on. “As the planet moved inward, its interactions with the strong gravity of the white dwarf will have caused it to warmup considerably, and it has been cooling ever since,” said O’Connor. Light from the star passing through the planet’s atmosphere also picked up information about its chemical composition. “We saw the telltale signatures of small cloud particles andhydrocarbons,mostlikelymeth- ane, which is the first time we have seen an atmosphere on a planet transiting a dead star,” said co-au- thor Victoria Boehm of Cornell Uni- versity. “We recently observed four more transits of WD 1856 b with Webb to take a deeper look into its atmospheric chemistry and can’t wait to see the results.” In approximately five billion years, theSunwillrunoutofhydrogenfuel in its core and swell up more than 100timeslargerthanitisnowintoa red giant star. It will then shed its outer layers and end its life as a white dwarf star. Mercury, Venus, andpossiblytheEarthwillbede- stroyed by the red giant. However, the fate of the more distant planets, particularlythegasgiants,isunclear. Finding and studying planets in orbit aroundtheremnantsofSun-likestars after their death is a means of learning what might happen in our own solar system in the far future. “We’re used to looking back in time when we use telescopes, but this is the first time we have been able to look forward to what might happen totheouterplanetsaroundthe remnantofaSun-likestar,” said MacDonald. “It’s like using a timemachine to peer into the distant fu-tureofoursolarsystem.”     SEPTEMBER-OCTOBER2026 ﻣﺠﻠﺔ FreeAstronomy ﺎﻟﻌﺮ ﺔ 50 ﻟﻠﻘـﺰم اﻷﺑـﻴﺾ إﱃ ارﺗﻔـﺎع ﻛﺒـ ﰲ درﺟـﺔ ﺣﺮار ﺗﻪ وﻫﻮ ﻳﱪد ﺗﺪرﻳﺠﻴ ﺎً ﻣﻨﺬ ذﻟﻚ اﻟﺤـ . « ﻛﻤﺎ ﺣﻤﻞ ﺿﻮء اﻟﻨﺠﻢ اﻟﺬي ﻣﺮ ﻋـﱪ اﻟﻐـﻼف اﻟﺠـﻮي ﻟﻠﻜﻮﻛ ـ ﺐ ﻣﻌﻠﻮﻣ ـﺎت ﻋـﻦ ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺒ ـﻪ اﻟﻜﻴﻤﻴﺎﺋﻲ ﻗﺎ . ﻟﺖ ﻓﻴﻜﺘﻮرﻳﺎ ﺑﻮم ﻣـﻦ ﺟﺎﻣﻌـﺔ ﻛﻮرﻧﻴﻞ وﻫﻲ إﺣﺪى ا ﺸـﺎرﻛﺎت ﰲ اﻟﺪراﺳـﺔ : » رﺻﺪﻧﺎ اﻟﺒﺼﻤ ﺎت ا ﻤﻴﺰة ﻟﺠﺴﻴﻤﺎت ﺳﺤﺎﺑﻴﺔ ﺻـﻐ ة إﺿـﺎﻓﺔ إﱃ اﻟﻬﻴـﺪروﻛﺮ ﻋـﲆ و ﺑﻮﻧﺎت اﻷرﺟﺢ ﻏﺎز ا ﻴﺜﺎن و ﻫﺬه ﻫﻲ ا ﺮة ا ﻷوﱃ اﻟﺘﻲ ﻧﺮﺻﺪ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﻏﻼﻓًﺎ ﺟﻮﻳ ﺎً ﻟﻜﻮﻛـﺐ ﻳﻌـﱪ أﻣـﺎم ﻧﺠﻢ ﻣﻴﺖ . « وأﺿﺎﻓﺖ :» ﻟﻘﺪ رﺻـﺪﻧﺎ ﻣـﺆﺧﺮ اً أرﺑﻌﺔ ﻋﺒﻮرات إﺿﺎﻓﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﻜﻮﻛـﺐ ﺑﺎﺳـﺘﺨﺪام ﺗﻠﺴﻜﻮب وﻳﺐ ﻹﺟﺮاء دراﺳﺔ أﻋﻤﻖ ﻟﻜﻴﻤﻴـﺎء ﻏﻼﻓــﻪ اﻟﺠـﻮي وﻧﺤـﻦ ﻣﺘﺤﻤﺴـﻮن ﻟﺮؤﻳـﺔ اﻟﻨﺘﺎﺋﺞ . « ﺑﻌﺪ ﻧﺤـﻮ ﺧﻤﺴـ ﺔ ﻣﻠﻴـﺎرات ﺳـﻨ ﺔ ﺳﺘﺴـﺘﻨﻔﺪ اﻟﺸـﻤﺲ وﻗـﻮد اﻟﻬﻴـﺪروﺟ ﰲ ﻧﻮاﺗﻬﺎ وﺳﺘﺘﻤﺪد ﻟﺘﺼﺒﺢ أﻛﱪ ﺑﺄﻛﺜﺮ ﻣﻦ 100 ﻣـﺮة ﻣـﻦ ﺣﺠﻤﻬـﺎ اﻟﺤـﺎﱄ ﻟﺘـﺪﺧﻞ ﻣﺮﺣﻠـﺔ اﻟﻌﻤﻼق اﻷﺣﻤﺮ وﺑﻌﺪ ذﻟﻚ ﺳﺘﻄﺮح ﻃﺒﻘﺎﺗﻬـﺎ اﻟﺨﺎرﺟﻴﺔ وﺗﻨﻬـﻲ ﺣﻴﺎﺗﻬـﺎ ﺑﻮﺻـﻔﻬﺎ ﻗﺰﻣـ ﺎً أﺑﻴﺾ . وﻣﻦ ا ﺘﻮﻗﻊ أن ﺗُﺪﻣﱠ ﺮ ﻋﻄﺎرد واﻟﺰﻫﺮة ورﺑﻤﺎ اﻷرض ﺧﻼل ﻣﺮﺣﻠﺔ اﻟﻌﻤﻼق اﻷﺣﻤـﺮ، أﺑﻴﺾ وﻣﻦ ا ﺘﻮﻗﻊ أن ﺗﺪﻣ ﺮ ﻋﻄﺎرد واﻟﺰﻫـﺮة ورﺑﻤﺎ اﻷرض ﺧﻼل ﻣﺮﺣﻠﺔ اﻟﻌﻤـﻼق اﻷﺣﻤـﺮ ﻟﻜﻦ ﻣﺼ اﻟﻜﻮاﻛﺐ اﻷﺑﻌﺪ وﺧﺎﺻﺔ اﻟﻌﻤﺎﻟﻘﺔ اﻟﻐﺎزﻳﺔ ﻻ ﻳﺰال ﻏ واﺿﺢ . ﻳ ﻌﺪ اﻛﺘﺸﺎف اﻟﻜﻮاﻛﺐ اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﺪور ﺣﻮل ﺑﻘﺎﻳـﺎ اﻟﻨﺠـﻮم اﻟﺸ ـﺒﻴﻬﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﺸــﻤﺲ ﺑﻌ ـﺪ ﻣﻮﺗﻬ ـﺎ ودراﺳـﺘﻬﺎ وﺳـﻴﻠﺔ ﻌﺮﻓـﺔ ﻣـﺎ ﻗـﺪ ﻳﺤـﺪث ﻟﻨﻈﺎﻣﻨﺎ اﻟﺸﻤﴘ ﰲ ا ﺴﺘﻘﺒﻞ اﻟﺒﻌﻴﺪ . ﺗﻮﻓﺮ ﻫﺬه اﻟﻨﺘـﺎﺋﺞ ﻓﺮﺻـﺔ ﻓﺮﻳـﺪة ﻻﺧﺘﺒـﺎر اﻟﻨﻤﺎذج اﻟﻨﻈﺮﻳﺔ اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﺼﻒ ﺗﻄﻮر اﻷﻧﻈﻤـﺔ اﻟﻜﻮﻛﺒﻴﺔ ﺑﻌﺪ وﻓـﺎة ﻧﺠﻮﻣﻬـﺎ، ﻛﻤـﺎ ﺗﺴـﺎﻋﺪ اﻟﻌﻠﻤﺎء ﻋﲆ ﻓﻬﻢ ﻛﻴﻔﻴﺔ ﺗﻐ ا ﺪارات ، وﺑﻘﺎء ﺑﻌﺾ اﻟﻜﻮاﻛﺐ أو اﺧﺘﻔﺎﺋﻬﺎ وﺗﺄﺛ اﻟﺠﺎذﺑﻴـﺔ ا ﺘ ﺒﺎدﻟﺔ ﺑ اﻷﺟﺮام ﻣﻊ ﻣـﺮور اﻟـﺰﻣﻦ ﻣﻤـﺎ ﻳﻤﻨﺢ ﺗﺼﻮرًا أوﺿﺢ ﻟﻠﻤﺮاﺣﻞ اﻟﻨﻬﺎﺋﻴـﺔ اﻟﺘـﻲ ﻳﻤﻨﺢ ﺗﺼﻮ اً ر أوﺿﺢ ﻟﻠﻤﺮاﺣﻞ اﻟﻨﻬﺎﺋﻴـﺔ اﻟﺘـﻲ ﻗﺪ ﻳﻤـﺮ ﺑﻬـ ﺎ ﻧﻈﺎﻣﻨـﺎ اﻟـ ـ ﺸﻤﴘ ﻣﺴـﺘﻘﺒﻼً اﻋﺘﻤﺎد اً ﻋﲆ ﻣﺸﺎﻫﺪات ﻣﺒﺎﴍة ﻷﺟﺮام ﻧﺠﺖ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺘﺤﻮﻻت اﻟﻨﺠﻤﻴﺔ اﻟﻌﻨﻴﻔﺔ وﻫﻮ ﻣﺎ ﻳﻌﺰز اﻟﺜﻘﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﺘﻨﺒﺆات ا ﺘﻌ ﻠﻘـﺔ ﺑﻤﺼـ اﻟﻜﻮاﻛـﺐ اﻟﺒﻌﻴﺪ ة وﺗﺤﺪﻳﺪ ﻣﺴﺘﻘﺒﻞ اﻟﺘﻲ ﺳـﺘﺒﻘﻰ ﺑﻌـﺪ اﻧﺘﻬﺎء ﺣﻴﺎة اﻟﻨﺠﻮم ا ﺸﺎﺑﻬﺔ ﻟﻠﺸﻤﺲ . ﻗﺎل رﻳﺎن ﻣﺎﻛﺪوﻧﺎﻟﺪ :» اﻋﺘﺪﻧﺎ ﻋﻨﺪ اﺳـﺘﺨﺪا م اﻟﺘﻠﺴﻜﻮﺑﺎت أن ﻧﻨﻈﺮ إﱃ ا ﺎﴈ ﻟﻜﻦ ﻫﺬه ﻫﻲ ا ـﺮة اﻷوﱃ اﻟﺘـﻲ ﻧﺴـﺘﻄﻴﻊ ﻓﻴﻬـﺎ اﻟﻨﻈـﺮ إﱃ ا ﺴﺘﻘﺒﻞ ﻌﺮﻓـﺔ ﻣـﺎ ﻗـﺪ ﻳﺤـﺪث ﻟﻠﻜﻮاﻛـﺐ اﻟﺨﺎر ﺟﻴﺔ ﺣﻮل ﺑﻘﺎﻳﺎ ﻧﺠﻢ ﻳﺸﺒﻪ اﻟﺸـﻤﺲ . « أﺿﺎف :» إﻧﻪ أﺷﺒﻪ ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪام آﻟﺔ زﻣﻦ ﻟﻠﻨﻈﺮ ﻟ ﻠﻤﺴﺘﻘﺒﻞ اﻟ ﺒﻌﻴﺪ ﻟﻨﻈﺎﻣﻨﺎ اﻟﺸﻤﴘ «. إﱃ ا ﺴــــﺘﻘﺒﻞ اﻟﺴــــﺤﻴﻖ ﻟﻨﻈﺎﻣﻨــــﺎ اﻟﺸﻤﴘ .« أﻓﻀﻞ، واﻟﺘﻌﺮف ﺑﺴﻬﻮﻟﺔ أﻛﱪ ﻋﲆ - ﺳﺒﺘﻤﺒﺮ ﺃﻛﺘﻮﺑﺮ 2 0 2 6 ﻗﺎس ـﺐ اﻟﻔﻀـﺎﺋﻲ اﻟﺘـﺎﺑﻊ ﻟﻨﺎﺳـﺎ ﻣ ﻮﻧـﺎت اﻟ ﻮﻛـﺐ اﻟـ ﺗﻠﺴ ﻮبﺟ ﻤﺲو ـ ﺨﺎرﺟﻲ WD 1856 b أﺛﻨـﺎء ﻣـﺮورﻩ أﻣـﺎم ﻧ ﻤـﮫ ووﺟـﺪ دﻻﺋـﻞ ﻋﻠـﻰوﺟـﻮد ﻏـﺎز اﻟﻤ ﺜـﺎن . ـﺪوراﻟ ﻮﻛـﺐ WD 1856 b ــﻢ ـﻢ ﻗـﺰم أﺑـ ﺾ ﺑﺤ ﺣـﻮل ﻧ اﻷرضوﻧﺘﻴﺠـــﺔ ﻟــــﺬﻟﻚ ﻳﺤﺠـــﺐ اﻟ ﻮﻛــــﺐ أﻛــــ ﻣـــﻦ ﻧﺼــــﻒﺿــــﻮء اﻟـــﻨ ﻢ . ﺗﺸــــ اﻷﺷــــﺮﻃﺔ اﻟـــ ـ ﻤﺮاء إﻟــــﻰﻣﻮاﺿــــﻊ ا ﻟﻨﺘﻮءات ﻓﻲ اﻟﻄ ﻒ ﻣﻤﺎ ﺪل ﻋﻠﻰ أن ﻏﻼفﻫﺬا اﻟ ﻮﻛﺐ اﻟ ـ ﺠﻮي ﻳﺤﺘﻮيﻋﻠ . ﻰﻏﺎزاﻟﻤ ﺜﺎن [NASA, ESA,CSA, Joseph Olmsted (STScI)]