Free Astronomy Magazine September-October 2026 ARABIC VERSION

SEPTEMBER-OCTOBER2026 team of astronomershave discoveredathirdplanetor- bitingthestarBetaPictoris. The new planet, Beta Pictoris d, is 100timesfainterthanBetaPictoris b — the first planet discovered in the same system — and is among the lightest exoplanets ever to be imaged from the ground. After spotting the planet using the Euro- pean Southern Observatory’s Very Large Telescope (ESO’s VLT), the team found it had been hiding in archiveobservationsspanningmore than a decade. “Thiswasaserendipitousdiscov- ery,” saysBenSutlieff,co-leadofthe study published in The Astrophysical Journal Letters and astronomer at the University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom. “We initially wanted tolook more at a known planet in the system,BetaPictorisb,toseehowit changed over time,” he adds. How- ever,whentheteamwenttoanalyse their images of the system, they noticed something else, sepa-rated from Beta Pictoris b, that led them down an entirely new path. “There’s something else there, did youseeit?” MarkusBonse,ESOas- tronomer in Germany and the other co-lead of the study, recalls saying whenlookingatthedata.Tocon-firm the nature of their detection, theteamlookedthroughtheESO archive, a catalogue of past obser- vationsmadewithESOfacilities. They found a new planet, Beta Pic- torisd,inmultipleimagesdating back as far as 11 years ago, includ- ing one where it was only just visi- ble against the glare of its larger neighbour Beta Pictoris b. “Planetd, it seems, has been playing agame of hide-and-seek with us for over a decade and only now can we say ‘found you!’” says Jayne Birkby, co- author of the study and as-tronomer at the University of Ox-ford, United Kingdom. The newly discovered planet, likethe two others in the system, is agas giant like Jupiter or Saturn. However, Beta Pictoris d has a much wider orbit than the planets Beta Pictoris b and Beta Pictoris c. More- over, while the first two planets are each around ten times the mass of Jupiter, the new planet is only 2.4 times more massive than Jupiter, makingitoneofthelightestever ﻣﺠﻠﺔ FreeAstronomy ﺎﻟﻌﺮ ﺔ 33 اﻛﺘﺸـﻒ ﻓﺮﻳﻖ ﻣﻦ ﻋﻠﻤﺎء اﻟﻔﻠﻚ ﻛﻮﻛﺒ ﺎً ﺛﺎﻟﺜـﺎً ﻳﺪور ﺣﻮل اﻟـﻨﺠﻢ ﺑﻴﺘـﺎ ﺑﻴﻜﺘـﻮرﻳﺲ وﻳﺒﻠـﻎ ﺳﻄﻮع اﻟﻜﻮﻛﺐ اﻟﺠﺪﻳﺪ " ﺑﻴﺘﺎ ﺑﻴﻜﺘـﻮرﻳﺲ "د اً واﺣﺪ ﻣﻦ ﻣﺌﺔ ﻓﻘ ﻂ ﻣﻘﺎرﻧﺔً ﺑﺎﻟﻜﻮﻛﺐ ﺑﻴﺘـﺎ " ﺑﻴﻜﺘﻮرﻳﺲ وﻫ "ب ﻮ أول ﻛﻮﻛـﺐ اﻛﺘُﺸـﻒ ﰲ ﻫﺬا اﻟﻨﻈﺎم ﻛﻤﺎ ﻳُﻌﺪ ﻣﻦ ﺑ أﺧـﻒ اﻟﻜﻮاﻛـﺐ ا ﻟﺨﺎرﺟﻴﺔ اﻟﺘﻲ ﺟﺮى ﺗﺼﻮﻳﺮﻫﺎ ﻣﺒﺎﴍة ﻣـﻦ اﻷرضﻋـﲆ اﻹﻃـﻼق وﺑﻌـﺪ رﺻـﺪ اﻟﻜ ﻮﻛـﺐ ﺑﺎﺳـﺘﺨﺪام اﻟﺘﻠﺴـﻜﻮب اﻟﻜﺒـ ﺟـﺪ اً اﻟﺘـﺎ ﺑﻊ ﻟﻠﻤﺮﺻﺪ اﻷوروﺑﻲ اﻟﺠﻨﻮﺑﻲ وﺟﺪ اﻟﻔ ﺮﻳﻖ أﻧـﻪ ﻛﺎن ﻣﺨﺘﺒﺌ ﺎً ﰲ ﺑﻴﺎﻧﺎت أرﺷﻴﻔﻴﺔ ﺗﻤﺘـﺪ ﻷﻛﺜـﺮ ﻣﻦ ﻋﻘﺪ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺰﻣﻦ . ﻗﺎل ﺑﻦ ﺳﺎﺗﻠﻴﻒ ا ﺸﺎرك ﰲ ﻗﻴـﺎدة اﻟﺪراﺳـﺔ ا ﻨﺸﻮرة ﰲ ﻣﺠﻠﺔ رﺳﺎﺋﻞ اﻟﻔﻴﺰﻳـﺎء اﻟﻔﻠﻜﻴـﺔ وﻋـﺎﻟﻢ اﻟﻔﻠـﻚ ﰲ ﺟﺎﻣﻌـﺔ إدﻧ ـﱪة ﺑﺎ ﻤﻠﻜـﺔ ا ﺘﺤﺪة :» ﻛﺎن ﻫـﺬا اﻛﺘﺸـﺎﻓ ﺎً ﺟـﺎء ﺑﻤﺤـﺾ اﻟﺼﺪﻓﺔ « . »: وأﺿﺎف ﰲ اﻟﺒﺪاﻳﺔ أردﻧﺎ درا ﺳـﺔ أﺣﺪ اﻟﻜﻮاﻛﺐ ا ﻌﺮوﻓﺔ ﰲ ﻫـﺬا اﻟﻨﻈـﺎم وﻫـﻮ " ﺑﻴﺘﺎ ﺑﻴﻜﺘﻮرﻳﺲ "ب ﻌﺮﻓﺔ ﻛﻴﻒ ﺗﻐـ ﻣـﻊ ﻣﺮور اﻟﻮﻗﺖ . « ﻏ أﻧـﻪ ﻋﻨـ ﺪﻣﺎ ﺑـﺪأ اﻟﻔﺮﻳـﻖ ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻞ ﺻﻮر اﻟﻨﻈﺎم ﻻﺣﻈﻮا وﺟﻮد ﺟﺴﻢ آﺧﺮ ﻣﻨﻔﺼﻞ ﻋﻦ " ﺑﻴﺘﺎ ﺑﻴﻜﺘﻮرﻳﺲ "ب اﻷﻣﺮ اﻟﺬي ﻗﺎدﻫﻢ إﱃ ﻣﺴﺎر ﺑﺤﺚ ﺟﺪﻳﺪ ﺑﺎﻟﻜﺎﻣﻞ . ﻳﺘﺬﻛﺮ ﻣﺎرﻛﻮس ﺑﻮﻧﺴﻪ ﻋﺎﻟﻢ اﻟﻔﻠﻚ ﺮﺻﺪ ﰲ ا اﻷوروﺑﻲ اﻟﺠﻨﻮﺑﻲ ﺑﺄ ﺎﻧﻴﺎ وا ﺸﺎرك اﻵﺧـﺮ ﰲ ﻗﻴﺎدة اﻟﺪراﺳﺔ أﻧﻪ ﻗﺎل أﺛﻨﺎء ﻓ ﺤﺺ اﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎت : » ﻫﻨﺎك ﳾء آﺧﺮ ﻫﻨﺎك رأﻳﺘـﻪ؟ ﻫﻞ « وﻟﺘﺄﻛﻴـﺪ ﻃﺒﻴﻌﺔ ﻫﺬا اﻟﺮﺻـﺪ راﺟـﻊ اﻟﻔﺮﻳـﻖ أرﺷـﻴﻒ ا ﺮ ﺻﺪ اﻷوروﺑﻲ اﻟﺠﻨﻮﺑﻲ وﻫﻮ ﻗﺎﻋﺪة ﺑﻴﺎﻧﺎت ﺗﻀـﻢ أرﺻـﺎد اً ﺳـﺎﺑﻘﺔ أُﺟﺮﻳـﺖ ﺑﺎﺳـﺘﺨﺪام ﻣﺮاﻓﻖ ا ﺮﺻﺪ . وﻋﺜﺮ اﻟﺒﺎﺣﺜﻮن ﻋﲆ اﻟﻜﻮﻛـﺐ اﻟﺠﺪﻳﺪ " ﺑﻴﺘـﺎ ﺑﻴﻜﺘـﻮرﻳﺲ "د ﰲ ﻋـﺪة ﺻـﻮر ﻳﻌﻮد ﺗﺎرﻳﺨﻬﺎ إﱃ ﻣﺎ ﻳﺼﻞ إﱃ 11 ﻋﺎﻣـﺎً ﻣـﻦ ﺑﻴﻨﻬﺎ ﺻﻮرة ﻛﺎن ﻳﻈﻬﺮ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﺑﺎﻟﻜـﺎد وﺳـﻂ وﻫﺞ ﺟﺎره اﻷﻛﱪ ﺑﻴﺘﺎ ﺑﻴﻜﺘﻮرﻳﺲ b . وﻗﺎﻟـﺖ وﻫﺞ " ﺟﺎره اﻷﻛﱪ ﺑﻴﺘﺎ ﺑﻴﻜﺘﻮرﻳ ."ب ﺲ ﻗﺎﻟﺖ ﺟ ﺑ ﻛﺒـﻲ ا ﺸـﺎرﻛﺔ ﰲ ﺗـﺄﻟﻴﻒ اﻟﺪراﺳـﺔ وﻋﺎ ﺔ اﻟﻔﻠﻚ ﰲ ﺟﺎﻣﻌﺔ أﻛﺴـﻔﻮرد ﺑﺎ ﻤﻠﻜـﺔ ا ﺘﺤﺪة :» ﻳﺒﺪو أن اﻟﻜﻮﻛﺐ د ﻛﺎن ﻳﻠﻌﺐ ﻣﻌﻨـﺎ ﻟﻌﺒﺔ اﻟﻐﻤﻴﻀﺔ ﻷﻛﺜﺮ ﻣﻦ ﻋﻘﺪ وﻟﻢ ﻧـﺘﻤﻜﻦ إﻻ اﻵن ﻣﻦ اﻟﻘـﻮل : وﺟـﺪﻧﺎك ! « وﻳﻌـﺪ اﻟﻜﻮﻛـﺐ ا ﻜﺘﺸﻒ ﺣﺪﻳﺜ ﺎً ﺷﺄﻧﻪ ﺷﺄن اﻟﻜﻮﻛﺒ اﻵﺧﺮﻳﻦ ﰲ اﻟﻨﻈﺎم ﻋﻤﻼﻗ ﺎً ﺎً ﻏﺎزﻳ ﻣﺜﻞ ا ﺸﱰي أو زﺣﻞ إﻻ أن " ﺑﻴﺘــﺎ ﺑﻴﻜﺘ ـﻮرﻳ "دﺲ ﻳ ـﺪور ﰲ ﻣ ـﺪار أوﺳﻊ ﺑﻜﺜ ﻣﻦ ﻣﺪاري " ﺑﻴﺘﺎ ﺑﻴﻜﺘﻮرﻳﺲ " ب " و ﺑﻴﺘﺎ ﺑﻴﻜﺘﻮرﻳﺲ . "ج ﻋﻼوة ﻋﲆ ذﻟﻚ ﻓﻔـﻲ ﺣ ﺗﺒﻠﻎ ﻛﺘﻠﺔ ﻛﻞ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻜﻮﻛﺒ اﻷوﻟ ﻧﺤﻮ ـﻋ ﴩة أﺿﻌﺎف ﻛﺘﻠﺔ ا ﺸﱰي ﻓﺈن اﻟﻜﻮﻛـﺐ اﻟﺠﺪﻳﺪ ﻻ ﺗﺰﻳـﺪ ﻛﺘﻠﺘـﻪ ﻋـﲆ 2.4 ﻣـﺮة ﻛﺘﻠـﺔ ا ﺸﱰي ﻣﻤﺎ ﻳﺠﻌﻠﻪ واﺣﺪ اً ﻣﻦ أﺧﻒ اﻟﻜﻮاﻛﺐ ا ﻟﺨﺎرﺟ ﻴﺔ اﻟﺘﻲ ﺟﺮى ﺗﺼﻮﻳﺮﻫﺎ ﻣﺒﺎﴍة ﻣـﻦ اﻷرض . ﻛﻤﺎ أن اﻟﻜﻮﻛﺐ ﺑـﺎرد ﻧﺴـﺒﻴ ﺎً وﻟـﺬﻟﻚ ﻓﻬﻮ ﺧﺎﻓﺖ ﻟﻠﻐﺎﻳﺔ ﻣﻘﺎرﻧﺔً ﺑﻨﺠﻤـﻪ ا . ﻀـﻴﻒ وﻻ ﻳﻨﺠﺢ اﻟﺘﺼﻮﻳﺮ ا ﺒﺎﴍ اﻟﺬي ﺗ ﻠﺘﻘﻂ ﻓﻴـﻪ إﺿﺎءة اﻟﺠﺴﻢ ﻛﻤﺎ ﰲ اﻟﺼﻮرة اﻟﻔﻮﺗﻮﻏﺮاﻓﻴـﺔ ﺗﻈﻬــــــﺮ ﻫــــــﺬﻩ اﻟﺼــــــﻮرة اﻟﻤﻠﺘﻘﻄــــــﺔ ﺑﻮاﺳــــــﻄﺔ اﻟﺘﻠﺴــ ﻮب اﻟﻜﺒــ ﺟــﺪاً اﻟﺘــﺎﺑﻊ ﻟﻠﻤﺮﺻــﺪ اﻷوروﺑــﻲ ـ اﻟـــــــ ﺠﻨﻮﺑﻲ اﻟ ﻮﻛـــــــﺐ ﺑ ﺘـــــــﺎ ﺑ " ﻜﺘـــــــﻮرﺲد " وﻫــــــــﻮ ﻮﻛـــﺐ ﺎﺸـــ ﻛﺘﻻا ﺣـــﺪ ﺚ ـــﺪورﺣـــﻮل اﻟـــﻨ ﻢ ﺑ ﺘـــﺎ ف ﺑ ﻜﺘﻮرﺲ . ﻘﻊ اﻟﻨ ﻢﻓﻲﻣﺮﻛـﺰ اﻹﻃـﺎروﻗـﺪ ﺗـﻢ اﺳﺘ ﻌﺎدﻩ أﺛﻨﺎء ﻣﻌﺎﻟ ـ ﺠﺔ اﻟﺒ ﺎﻧﺎت ﻣﻤﺎ ﻛﺸﻒﻋﻦ ـﮫ اﻟﺒﻴﺌﺔ اﻟﻤﺤ ﻄﺔ . اﻟ ﻮﻛـﺐ اﻟـ ـ ـﮫ ﺠﺪ ﺪ اﻟﻤﺸـﺎر إﻟ ﻜﺘﺸـــــﻒﺣـــــﻮل ﻫـــــﺬا ﺴــــﻬﻢ ﻫـــــﻮ اﻟﺜﺎﻟـــــﺚ اﻟـــــﺬ اﻟـــﻨ ﻢ . ـــﺎن اﻵﺧــــﺮان ﻫﻤـــﺎ اﻟ ﻮﻛ " ﺑ ﺘـــﺎ ﺑ ﻜﺘــــ ﻮرﺲ "ب اﻟﺴــﺎﻃﻊ ﻋﻠــﻰ اﻟ ﺴــﺎرو " ﺑ ﺘــﺎ ﺑ ﻜﺘــﻮرﺲج " ـﺪورﻋﻠــﻰﻣﺴــﺎﻓﺔ أﻗـﺮ ﻜﺜــ ﻣــﻦ اﻟــﻨ ﻢ اﻟـﺬ وﻻ ﻈﻬـــــﺮﻫﻨـــــﺎ . ﺗـــــﻢ اﻟﺘﻘـــــﺎط اﻟﺼـــــﻮرة ﺑﻮاﺳـــــﻄﺔ ﺟﻬــــﺎز إﻳــــﺮﺲ ﻓــــﻲ اﻟﺘﻠﺴــــ ﻮب اﻟﻜﺒــــ ﺟــــﺪاً . ﻨــــﺎءً ﻋﻠﻰﺳﻄﻮﻋﮫ وﻟﻮﻧﮫ ﻓﻲ اﻷﺷﻌﺔ ﺗﺤﺖ اﻟ ـ ﻤﺮاء ﻳ ﺪو أن اﻟ ﻮﻛﺐ اﻟ ـ ﺠﺪ ﺪ ﻋﻤﻼق ﻏﺎزي ﺗ ﻠﻎ ﻛﺘﻠﺘﮫ ﺣـــــــﻮاﻟﻲ 2.4 ﺿـــــــﻌﻒ ﻛﺘﻠـــــــﺔ ﻮﻛـــــــﺐ اﻟﻤﺸـــــــ ي . اﻟﺸﺮﻂ اﻷﻓﻘﻲ اﻟﻤﻨﺘﺸﺮﻓﻲﻫﺬﻩ اﻟﺼﻮرة ﻫﻮ ﻗـــﺮصﻣـــﻦ اﻟـــ ـ ﺤﻄﺎم ﺣـــﻮل اﻟـــﻨ ﻢ ﻈﻬـــﺮﻫﻨـــﺎ ﻣـــﻦ ـاﻟ ﺠﺎﻧﺐ وﻫﻮ ﻘﺎ ﺎ ﺗ ﻮﻳﻦ اﻟ ﻮﻛﺐ . [ESO/B. Sutlieff, M. Bonse et al.] اﻟﺼﻔﺤﺔ اﻟﺴﺎ ﻘﺔ اﻟ: ﻨ ﻢ ﺑ ﺘﺎ ﺑ ﻜﺘﻮرﺲ ﻳ ﻌﺪ ﺣــﻮاﻟﻲ 60 ــﺔ اﻟﺮﺳـــﺎم ﺳــﻨﺔ ﺿـــﻮﺋ ﺔ ﺎﺗﺠــﺎﻩ ﻮﻛ وﻫﻮ أﺣﺪ أﺷﻬﺮ اﻷﻣﺜﻠﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻧ ﻢﻣﺤﺎط ﻘﺮص ﻣﻦ اﻟﻐ ﺎرواﻟ ﻄﺎمﺤـ و ُﻌـﺪ ﻫـﺬا اﻟﻨﻈـﺎم اﻟﻨ ﻤـﻲ اً ﻣﺨﺘ ﻟﺪراﺳﺔ ﺗﺸـ ﻞ اﻟ ﻮاﻛـﺐ وﺗﻄـﻮر اﻷﻗـﺮاص ـ اﻟــــــ ــــــﺔ ـــــــﺎﻟﻨﺠﻮم اﻟﻔﺘ ﺤﻄﺎﻣ ﺔ اﻟﻤﺤ ﻄــــــﺔ . ﺗﻈﻬـــــــﺮ ﻫـﺬﻩ اﻟﺼـﻮرة اﻟﻤﺴـﺘﻨﺪة إﻟـﻰ ﺑ ﺎﻧـﺎت ﻣـﻦ اﻟﻤﺴـﺢ اﻟﺮﻗﻤــــــﻲ ﻟﻠﺴـــــــﻤﺎء 2 ﻣﻨﻄﻘـــــــﺔ ﺗ ﻠـــــــﻎ ﻣﺴـــــــﺎﺣﺘﻬﺎ ﺣﻮاﻟﻲ 1.7 ×2.3 درﺟﺔ ﺣﻮل ﺑ ﺘﺎ ﺑ ﻜﺘﻮرﺲ . [ESO/Digitized Sky Survey 2] - ﺳﺒﺘﻤﺒﺮ ﺃﻛﺘﻮﺑﺮ 2 0 2 6