Free Astronomy Magazine September-October 2026 ARABIC VERSION

SEPTEMBER-OCTOBER2026 black hole influence it? Is it influ- enced by merger-induced star for- mation? Many of the glowing red points in theMIRIimagearedust-richstarsor stellarnurseries,whereagingstars are shedding material back into spaceornewstarsareforming.This dustistherawingredientforfuture generations of stars and planets, makingitcentraltotheongoinglife cycle of the galaxy. With Webb’s high resolution, as- tronomerscannowstudyCentaurus A star by star, even in its long-ob- scuredcentralregion.Whatlooks “grainy” in the image from Webb, most obvious in the combined MIRI andNIRCam(Near-InfraredCamera) view, is actually a densely packed field of individual stars, together carrying information about the galaxy’s past. WithWebb’sviewofCentaurusA,it becomesacaseofgalacticarchaeol- ogy.Eachstarrevealedhelpstore- construct when differentevents happened: when older stars first formed,whenactivitysloweddown, aburstofstarformationduringthe collision, and stars born from gas stirredinitsaftermath.Together, they form a timeline ofthegalaxy’sevolu- tion. Webb’s capabilities go beyond imaging. By analyzing light withspectroscopy,as- tronomers can meas- ure how gas moves within the galaxy. Early findings from Webb show fast- moving ionized gas flowing outward, likely driven by the blackhole’sactivity, andwarmermolecu- lar hydrogen in a warpedrotatingdisk near the center. These observations help explore one of astronomy’s biggest questions: Howdoesablackholeinfluencean entire galaxy? Theanswerappearstobecomplex. The black hole can trigger star for- mationbycompressinggas,butalso limit it by pushing material away. Centaurus A offers a rare, nearby view of this cosmic interplay. By tracing dust in never-before-seen detail, resolving millions of stars,andrevealingthemotionofgas near a supermassive black hole, Webb transforms Centaurus A into a vividrecordofcosmichistory.  ﻣﺠﻠﺔ FreeAstronomy ﺎﻟﻌﺮ ﺔ 14 ﺟﺪﻳﺪة ﰲ أﻣﺎﻛﻦ أﺧﺮى وﻳ ﻌﺪ ﻫﺬا اﻟﻐﺒﺎر ا ﺎدة اﻟﺨﺎم اﻟﺘﻲ ﺳﺘﻨﺸﺄ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ أﺟﻴـﺎل ﺟﺪﻳـ ﺪة ﻣـﻦ اﻟﻨﺠـﻮم واﻟﻜﻮاﻛـﺐ ﻣﻤـﺎ ﻳﺠﻌﻠـﻪ ﻋﻨــ ـ اً ﴫ أﺳﺎﺳ ـﻴ ﺎً ﰲ دورة اﻟﺤﻴ ـﺎة ا ﺴ ـﺘﻤﺮة داﺧــﻞ ا ﺠــﺮة . ﺑﻔﻀــﻞ اﻟﺪ ﻗــﺔ ا ﻜﺎﻧﻴــﺔ اﻟﻌﺎﻟﻴــﺔ ﻟﺘﻠﺴﻜﻮب وﻳﺐ أﺻﺒﺢ ﺑﺈﻣﻜﺎن ﻋﻠﻤـﺎء اﻟ ﻔﻠـﻚ دراﺳﺔ ﻣﺠﺮة ﻗﻨﻄﻮرس ﺎً ﻧﺠﻤ أ ﺑـﻨﺠﻢ ﺣﺘـﻰ داﺧﻞ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﺘﻬﺎ ا ﺮﻛﺰﻳﺔ اﻟﺘﻲ ﻇﻠﺖ ﻣﺤﺠﻮﺑﺔ ﻟﻌﻘﻮد . وﻳﺒﺪو ا ﻈﻬﺮ اﻟﺤﺒﻴﺒﻲ " " اﻟﻈـﺎﻫﺮ ﰲ اﻟﺼﻮرة ا ﺮﻛﺒﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺑﻴﺎﻧـﺎت اداﺗـﻲ ﻣـ ي و ﻧ ﻛـﺎم ) ﻛـﺎﻣ ا اﻷﺷـﻌﺔ ﺗﺤــﺖ اﻟﺤ ﻤـﺮاء اﻟﻘﺮﻳﺒﺔ ( وﻛﺄﻧﻪ ﺿﻮﺿـﺎء ﺑـ ﴫﻳﺔ ـ ﻟﻜﻨـﻪ ﰲ اﻟﺤﻘﻴﻘﺔ ﻋﺒﺎرة ﻋﻦ ﺣﺸﺪ ﻫﺎﺋﻞ ﻣـﻦ ا ﻟﻨﺠـﻮم ا ﻨﻔﺮدة ﻳﺤﻤﻞ ﻛﻞ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ ﻣﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎت ﻣﻬﻤﺔ ﻋﻦ ﺗـﺎرﻳﺦ ا ﺠـﺮة . وأﺻـﺒﺢ ﺑﺈﻣﻜـﺎن اﻟﻌﻠﻤـﺎء ﻋﲆ ﺷﻜﻞ ﺣﺮف "S" وﻫﻮ ﻣﻈﻬﺮ ﻻ ﻳﺰال ﺑﺤﺎﺟـﺔ إﱃ دراﺳﺎ ت إﺿﺎﻓﻴﺔ ﻟﻺﺟﺎﺑـﺔ ﻋﻦ أﺳﺌﻠﺔ ﻋﺪﻳﺪة ﻣﻨﻬﺎ ﻣـﺎ اﻟﺬي ﻛﻮّن ﻫـﺬا اﻟﺸـﻜﻞ؟ ﻛﻴﻒ ﻳﺆﺛﺮ اﻟﺜﻘﺐ اﻷﺳـﻮد ﻓﻴﻪ؟ وﻫﻞ ﻳﺮﺗﺒﻂ ﺑﺘﺸـﻜﻞ اﻟﻨﺠﻮم اﻟﻨﺎﺗﺞ ﻋﻦ اﻧﺪﻣﺎج ا ﺠﺮات؟ ﺗﻤﺜﻞ اﻟﻌﺪﻳﺪ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻨﻘﺎط اﻟﺤﻤﺮاء ا ﺘﻮﻫﺠﺔ ﰲ ﺻﻮر اداة ﻣ ي ﺎً ﻧﺠﻮﻣ ﻏﻨ ﻴﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﻐﺒـﺎر أو ﻣﻨـﺎﻃﻖ ﺣﻀﺎﻧﺔ ﻧﺠﻤﻴﺔ ﻌﻴﺪ ﺣﻴﺚ ﺗ اﻟﻨﺠﻮم ا ﺘﻘﺪﻣﺔ ﰲ اﻟﻌﻤـﺮ ﻗﺬف ﻣﺎدﺗﻬـﺎ إﱃ اﻟﻔﻀـﺎء ﺑﻴﻨﻤــﺎ ﺗﺘﺸــﻜﻞ ﻧﺠــﻮم أ ـﺎﻛﻦ أﺧـﺮى . ﺗﺎرﻳﺦ ا ﺠﺮة وأﺻﺒﺢ ﺑﺈﻣﻜﺎن اﻟﻌﻠﻤﺎء اﻟﺘﻌﺎﻣﻞ ﻣﻊ ا ﺠﺮة ﻛﻤﺎ ﻟﻮ ﻛـﺎﻧﻮا ﻳﻨﻘﺒـﻮن ﰲ ﻣﻮﻗـﻊ أﺛﺮي ﻛﻮﻧﻲ إذ ﻳﺴﺎﻋﺪ ﻛﻞ ﻧﺠﻢ ﻳُﻜﺸﻒ ﻋﻨﻪ ﰲ إﻋﺎدة ﺑﻨﺎء ﺗﺴﻠﺴﻞ اﻷﺣﺪاث ﻋﱪ ﺗﺎرﻳﺨﻬﺎ ﻣﺜﻞ زﻣﻦ ﺗﺸـﻜﻞ اﻟﻨﺠـﻮم اﻷوﱃ اﻟﻔـﱰات و اﻟﺘـﻲ ﺗﺒﺎﻃﺄ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ اﻟﻨﺸﺎط اﻟﻨﺠﻤﻲ و ﻣﻮﺟـﺔ ﺗﺸـﻜﻞ ﻨﺠاﻟ ﻮم اﻟﺘـﻲ ﺻـﺎﺣﺒﺖ اﻻﺻـﻄﺪام ا ﺠـﺮي اﻟﻨﺠﻮم اﻟﺘﻲ و ﻟﺪت ﻣﻦ اﻟﻐﺎز اﻟﺬي أُﺛـ ﺑﻌـﺪ اﻻﻧﺪﻣ ﺎج وﺗُﻜﻮّن ﻫـﺬه ا ﻌﻠﻮﻣـﺎت ﻣﺠ ﺘ ﻤﻌـﺔ ﺎً ﺳﺠﻼً زﻣﻨﻴ ﻟﺘﻄـﻮر ا ﺠـﺮة ﻋـﱪ ﻣﻠﻴـﺎرات اﻟﺴﻨ . ﻻ ﺗﻘﺘﴫ إﻣﻜﺎﻧﺎت ﺗﻠﺴـﻜﻮب وﻳـﺐ ﻋﲆ اﻟﺘﺼﻮﻳﺮ ﺑﻞ ﺗﺸﻤﻞ أﻳﻀ ﺎً ﺗﺤﻠﻴـ ﻞ اﻟﻀـﻮء ﺑﺎﺳـﺘﺨﺪام اﻟﺘﺤﻠﻴـﻞ اﻟﻄﻴﻔـﻲ اﻟـﺬي ﻳﻤﻜّـ ﻦ اﻟﻌﻠﻤﺎء ﻣﻦ ﻗﻴﺎسﺣﺮﻛﺔ اﻟﻐﺎز داﺧﻞ ا ﺠـﺮة . وأﻇﻬﺮت اﻟﻨﺘﺎﺋﺞ اﻷوﻟﻴﺔ وﺟـﻮد ﻏـﺎز ﻣﺘـﺄﻳﻦ ﺗﺴﺎﻋﺪ ﻫ ﺬه ا ﺸﺎﻫﺪات ﰲ دراﺳ ﺔ أﺣـﺪ أﻛـﱪ اﻷﺳﺌﻠﺔ ﰲ ﻋﻠﻢ اﻟﻔﻠﻚ ﺣﻴﺚ ﺗﺸ اﻟﻨﺘـﺎﺋﺞ إﱃ أن اﻹﺟﺎﺑﺔ ﻣﻌﻘﺪة إذ ﻳﻤﻜﻦ ﻟﻠﺜﻘﺐ اﻷﺳـﻮد أن ﻳﺤﻔﺰ ﺗﺸﻜﻞ اﻟﻨﺠﻮم ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼل ﺿﻐﻂ اﻟﻐـﺎز وﻗﺪ ﻳﺤﺪ ﻣﻦ وﻻدﺗﻬﺎ ﻋﱪ دﻓﻊ ا ﺎدة ﺑﻌﻴﺪاً ﻋﻦ ﻣﺮﻛﺰ ا ﺠﺮة . وﺗﻮﻓﺮ ﻗﻨﻄﻮرس أ ﻓﺮﺻﺔ ﻧﺎدرة ﻟﺪراﺳﺔ ﻫﺬا اﻟﺘﻔﺎﻋﻞ اﻟﻜﻮﻧ ﻲ ﻋﻦ ﻗﺮب . ﻟﻘﺪ ﺣﻮّل ﺗﻠﺴﻜﻮب وﻳﺐ ﻣﺠﺮة ﻗﻨﻄﻮر إﱃ س أ ﺳﺠﻞ ﻳﻮﺛﻖ ﺗﺎرﻳﺨﻬﺎ اﻟﻜﻮﻧﻲ ﻋﱪ ﺗﺘﺒﻊ اﻟﻐﺒﺎر ﺑﺘﻔﺎﺻﻴﻞ ﻏ ﻣﺴﺒﻮﻗﺔ وﺗﻤﻴﻴﺰ ﻣﻼﻳ اﻟﻨﺠﻮم ﺑﺼﻮرة ﻣﻨﻔﺮدة واﻟﻜﺸﻒ ﻋـﻦ ﺣﺮﻛـﺔ اﻟﻐـﺎز ﺑﺎﻟﻘﺮب ﻣﻦ اﻟﺜﻘﺐ اﻷﺳﻮد ﻓﺎﺋﻖ اﻟﻜﺘﻠﺔ وﻳﻤﻨﺢ رؤﻳﺔ أﻋﻤﻖ ﻟﻠﻌﻤﻠﻴﺎت اﻟﺘﻲ ﺷـﻜﻠﺖ ا ﺠـﺮات ﺧﻼل ﻣﻠﻴﺎرات اﻟﺴ ﻨ ﻣﻦ ﺗﻄﻮر اﻟﻜﻮن . ﺻــــــﻮرة أرﺿــــــ ﺔ ﻟ ﻠﻤﺠــــــﺮة اﻟ ـــــــــــــــــــــــﺔ ﻗﻨﻄـــــــــــــــــــــــﻮرس أ ﻘﺮ اﻟﺘﻘﻄﻬــــــــــــــــــــــــــــﺎ اﻟﻤﺮﺻـــــــــــــــــــــــــــــﺪ اﻷوروﺑﻲ اﻟـ ـ ) ﺠﻨﻮﺑﻲ أﻋﻠـﻰ اﻟ ﺴـــﺎر ( ﻣﻤـــﺎ ﺴـــﺎﻋﺪ ﻋﻠـــﻰ وﺿـــﻊ ﺻـــﻮراﻷﺷـــﻌﺔ ﺗﺤـــﺖ ـ اﻟـــ ـــﺔ واﻷﺷـــﻌﺔ ﻤﺮاء اﻟﻘﺮ ﺗﺤــــﺖ اﻟــــ ـ ﻤﺮاء اﻟﻤﺘﻮﺳــــﻄﺔ ﺑﻮاﺳﻄﺔ ﺗﻠﺴـ ﻮبﺟـ ﻤﺲ ــــــــــــــﺐ اﻟﻔﻀـــــــــــــــﺎﺋﻲ ﻓـــــــــــــــﻲ و اﻃﺎرﻫﺎ اﻟﺼﺤﻴﺢ . [NASA, ESA, CSA, STScI, ESO; Image Processing:Alyssa Pagan (STScI)] - ﺳﺒﺘﻤﺒﺮ ﺃﻛﺘﻮﺑﺮ 2 0 2 6