Free Astronomy Magazine September-October 2025 ARABIC VERSION

A star met its end by detonating twice byESO BárbaraFerreira orthefirsttime,astronomers haveobtainedvisualevidence that a star met its end by deto- natingtwice.Bystudyingthecen- turies-old remains of supernova SNR 0509-67.5 with the European South- ern Observatory’s Very Large Tele- scope(ESO’sVLT),theyhavefound patternsthatconfirmits star suffered a pair of ex- plosive blasts. This discovery shows some of the most im- portantexplosionsintheUni- verse in a new light. Most supernovae are the explo- sive deaths of massive stars, but one important variety comes from an unassuming source. White dwarfs, the small, inactive cores left over after stars like our Sunburnouttheirnuclearfuel,can produce what astronomers call a TypeIasupernova. “Theexplosions ofwhitedwarfsplayacrucialrolein astronomy,” saysPriyamDas,aPhD student at the University of New South Wales Canberra, Australia, wholedthestudyonSNR0509-67.5 published in Nature Astronomy . Much of our knowledge of how the UniverseexpandsrestsonTypeIasu- pernovae,andtheyarealsothepri- mary source of iron on our planet, including the iron in our blood. “Yet,despitetheirimportance,the long-standing puzzle of the exact mechanism triggering their explo- sion remains unsolved,” he adds. SEPTEMBER-OCTOBER2025 F ﻣﺠﻠﺔ FreeAstronomy ﺎﻟﻌﺮ ﺔ 8 ﻧ ﻢ أﻧﻬﻰﺣ ﺎﺗﮫ ﺎﻧﻔﺠﺎرﻣﺰدوج : ﻘﻠﻢ ﺎر ﺮا ﻓ ﺮا اﻟﻤﺮﺻﺪ اﻷوروﺑﻲ اﻟـﺠﻨﻮﺑﻲ ﺣﺼـﻞ ﻋﻠﻤﺎء اﻟﻔﻠﻚ ﻋﲆ أدﻟـﺔ ﺑـ ﴫﻳﺔ ـ ﻷول ﻣﺮة ﻋـﲆ أن ﻧﺠﻤـ ﺎً ﻟﻘـﻲ ﺣﺘﻔـﻪ ﺑﺎﻧﻔﺠـﺎره . ﻣﺮﺗ ﻓﺒﻌﺪ دراﺳﺔ ﺑﻘﺎﻳﺎ ا ﺴـﺘﻌﺮ اﻷﻋﻈـﻢ SNR 0509-67.5 اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﻌﻮد إﱃ ﻗﺮون ﻣﻀﺖ ـ ﺗﺸــــ ــــﺎ اﻟﻤﺴــــﺘﻌﺮاﻷﻋﻈــــﻢ ﻫــــﺬﻩ اﻟﺼــــﻮرة إﻟــــﻰ ﻣﻮﻗــــﻊ ﻘﺎ SNR0509-67.5 ﻓــــﻲ اﻟﺴــــﻤﺎء وﻫــــﻲ ﻗﺸــــﻮر ﻣﺘﻮﺳـﻌﺔ ﻟـﻨ ﻢ اﻧﻔﺠـﺮﻣـﺮ . ﻘــﻊ ﻋﻠـﻰ ُﻌـﺪ 160.000 ﺳـ ﻨﺔ ﺿـﻮﺋ ﺔ ﻓــﻲﺳـﺤﺎ ﺔ ﻣـﺎﺟﻼن اﻟﻜـ ى وﻫـﻲﻣﺠــﺮة ﺻــﻐ ة ﺗــﺪورﺣــﻮل ﻣﺠﺮﻨــﺎ در اﻟﺘ ﺎﻧــﺔ . ﻈﻬــﺮاﻟﻤﻠﺤـــﻖ أرﺻــﺎد اً ــ ﺟﺪ ﺪة ﺎﺳــﺘﺨﺪام اﻟﺘﻠﺴــ ﻮب اﻟﻜﺒــ ) اً ﺟـــﺪ VLT ( اﻟﺘﺎﺑﻊ ﻟﻠﻤﺮﺻﺪ اﻷوروﺑﻲ اﻟ ـ ﺗ ﺠﻨﻮﺑﻲواﻟ ﻈﻬﺮأن اﻟﻨ ﻢ اﻷﺻـﻠﻲ اﻧـﺪﺛﺮ ﺎﻧﻔﺠـﺎر ﻦ ﺗ. ﻈﻬـﺮ اﻟﺼـﻮراﻟﺮ ﺴـ ﺔ وﺣـﺪة اﻟﺘﻠﺴ ﻮب اﻟﻜﺒ اً ﺟﺪ اﻟﻤﺴﺘﺨﺪم ﻓﻲﻫﺬﻩ اﻷر .ﺻﺎد .[ESO /Inset:P.Das etal.,backgroundstars(Hubble):K.Nolletal.] ﺑﺎﺳـﺘﺨﺪام اﻟﺘﻠﺴـﻜﻮب اﻟﻜﺒـ ﺟـﺪ اً اﻟﺘـﺎﺑﻊ ﻟﻠﻤﺮﺻﺪ اﻟﺠﻨﻮﺑﻲ اﻷوروﺑـﻲ وﺟـﺪوا أﻧﻤﺎﻃـ ﺎً ﺗﺆﻛ ﺪ ﺗﻌﺮض ﻧﺠﻤﻪ ﻹ ﻧﻔﺠﺎرﻳﻦ ﻫﺎﺋﻠ . ﻳﻈﻬﺮ ﻫﺬا اﻻﻛﺘﺸﺎف ﺑﻌﻀ ﺎً ﻣﻦ أﻫﻢ اﻻﻧﻔﺠـﺎرات ﰲ ــ اﻟﻜﻮن ﺑﺮؤﻳﺔ ﺟﺪﻳﺪة . ﻣﻌﻈﻢ ا ﺴﺘﻌﺮات اﻟﻌ ﻈﻤﻰ ﻫﻲ ﻧﺘ ﺎج ـ اﻧﻔﺠﺎرات ﻧﺠﻤﻴﺔ ﺿﺨﻤﺔ وﻟﻜﻦ أﺣﺪ اﻷﻧﻮاع ا ﻬﻤﺔ ﻳ ﺄﺗـ ﻲ ﻣﻦ ﻣﺼﺪر ﺑﺴﻴﻂ . ﺒﻴﻀﺎء ـ ﺰام اﻟ ـ اﻷﻗ ـﺗﻠ ﻚ اﻷﻧﻮﻳﺔ اﻟﺼ ﻐ ة ـ اﻟﺨﺎﻣﻠﺔ اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﺒﻘﻰ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺮاﺣإ ق ﻧﺠـﻮم ﻣﺜـﻞ ﺷﻤﺴﻨﺎ ﻟﻮﻗﻮدﻫﺎ اﻟﻨﻮوي ﻳﻤﻜﻦ أن ﺗُﻨـﺘﺞ ﻣـﺎ ﻳُﻄﻠﻖ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻋﻠﻤﺎء اﻟﻔﻠﻚ اﺳﻢ ا ﺴﺘﻌﺮ اﻷﻋﻈﻢ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻨـﻮع اﻷول . ﻳﻘـﻮل ﺑﺮﻳـﺎم داس ﻃﺎﻟـﺐ اﻟﺪﻛﺘﻮراه ﰲ ﺟﺎﻣﻌ ﺔ ﻧﻴﻮ ﺳﺎوث وﻳﻠﺰ ﻛـﺎﻧﺒ ا ﺑﺄﺳﱰاﻟﻴﺎ واﻟﺬي أﴍف ﻋﲆ دراﺳﺔ ا ﺴـﺘﻌﺮ اﻷﻋﻈﻢ SNR0509-67.5 ا ﻨﺸﻮرة ﰲ ﻣﺠﻠﺔ ﻧﻴﺘﴩ أﺳﱰوﻧﻮﻣﻲ " : إ ﺗﻠﻌﺐ ﻧﻔﺠﺎرات اﻷﻗﺰام اﻟﺒﻴﻀﺎء دوراً ﻣﺤﻮرﻳﺎً ﰲ ﻋﻠﻢ اﻟﻔﻠﻚ ." ﻳﻌﺘﻤﺪ ﺟﺰء ﻛﺒ ﻣﻦ ﻣﻌﺮﻓﺘﻨﺎ ﺑﻜﻴﻔﻴﺔ ﺗﻤـﺪد اﻟﻜﻮن ﻋﲆ ا ﺴﺘﻌﺮات اﻟﻌﻈﻤـﻰ ﻣـﻦ اﻟﻨـﻮع اﻷ ول، وﻫﻲ ا ﺼﺪر اﻟﺮﺋﻴـ ـ ﴘ ﻟﻠﺤﺪﻳـﺪ ﻋـﲆ ﻛﻮﻛﺒﻨﺎ ﺑﻤﺎ ﰲ ذﻟﻚ اﻟﺤﺪﻳﺪ ا ﻮﺟﻮد ﰲ دﻣﺎﺋﻨـ . ﺎ وﻳﻀﻴﻒ " : وﻣﻊ ذﻟﻚ ورﻏﻢ أﻫﻤﻴﺘﻬـﺎ ﻻ ﻳـﺰال اﻟﻠﻐﺰ اﻟﻘﺪﻳﻢ ا ﺘﻌﻠـﻖ ﺑﺎﻵﻟﻴـﺔ اﻟﺪﻗﻴﻘـﺔ اﻟﺘـﻲ ﺗُﺴﺒﺐ اﻧﻔﺠﺎرﻫﺎ دون ﺣﻞ ." إن ﻫﺬا اﻟﺘﺤﺪي ﻳﺤﻔﺰ اﻟﻌﻠﻤﺎء ﻋﲆ اﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﻋﻦ ﺗﻔﺴ ات ﺟﺪﻳـ ﺪة ﻟﻬـﺬه اﻟﻈـﻮاﻫﺮ اﻟﻜﻮﻧﻴـﺔ ا ﻌﻘﺪة ﻣﻤﺎ ﻗﺪ ﻳﻜﺸﻒ ﻋﻦ أﴎار ﻟﻢ ﺗُﻜﺘﺸﻒ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺣﻮل ﺗﻄﻮر اﻟﻨﺠﻮم وﻣﺼ ﻫﺎ اﻟﻨﻬﺎﺋﻲ ﰲ ﻫﺬا اﻟﻜﻮن اﻟﺸﺎﺳﻊ . ﺳﺒﺘﻤﺒﺮ - ﺃﻛﺘﻮﺑﺮ 2 0 2 5