Free Astronomy Magazine September-October 2025 ARABIC VERSION

SEPTEMBER-OCTOBER2025       No certainty of a Milky Way–Andromeda collision by NASA/ESA Bethany Downer s far back as 1912, astrono- mersrealizedthattheAn- dromedagalaxy—thenthought to be only a nebula — was headedourway.Acenturylater,as- tronomersusingtheNASA/ESAHub- ble Space Telescope were able to measurethesidewaysmotionofAn- dromedaandfounditwassonegli- giblethataneventualhead-on collisionwiththeMilkyWayseemed almostcertain. Asmashupbetweenourowngalaxy and Andromeda would trigger a firestormofstarbirth,supernovae, and maybe toss our Sun into a dif- ferent orbit. Simulations had sug- gested it was inevitable. However, a new study using data fromHubbleandESA’sGaiasuggests thismaynotnecessarilybethecase. Researchers combining observations fromthetwospaceobservatoriesre- examinedthelong-heldprediction of a Milky Way – Andromeda colli- sion, and found it is far less in- evitable than astronomers had previously suspected. “We have the most comprehensive study of this problem today that ac- tually folds in all the observational uncertainties,” said Till Sawala, as- tronomer at the University of Helsinki in Finland and lead authorof the study, which appears in the journal Nature Astronomy . ﺗﺼﺎدم در اﻟﺘ ﺎﻧﺔ واﻟﻤﺮأة اﻟﻤﺴﻠﺴﻠﺔ ﻏ ﻣﺆﻛﺪ ﻣﻨـﺬ ﻋﺎم 1912 أدرك ﻋﻠﻤﺎء اﻟﻔﻠﻚ أن ﻣﺠـﺮة أﻧﺪروﻣﻴﺪا - اﻟﺘﻲ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﺗُﻌﺘـﱪ آﻧـﺬاك ﻣﺠـﺮد - ﺳﺪﻳﻢ ﺗﺘﺠﻪ ﻧﺤﻮﻧﺎ . ﺑﻌﺪ ﻗﺮن ﻣـﻦ اﻟﺰﻣـﺎن ﺗﻤﻜﻦ ﻋﻠﻤﺎء اﻟﻔﻠﻚ ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪام ﺗﻠﺴﻜﻮب ﻫﺎﺑﻞ اﻟﻔﻀﺎﺋﻲ اﻟﺘﺎﺑﻊ ﻟ ﻮﻛﺎﻟﺔ ﻧﺎﺳﺎ ووﻛﺎﻟﺔ اﻟﻔﻀﺎء اﻷوروﺑﻴﺔ ﻣﻦ ﻗﻴﺎس اﻟﺤﺮﻛﺔ اﻟﺠﺎﻧﺒﻴﺔ ﺠـﺮة أﻧﺪروﻣﻴﺪا ووﺟـﺪوا نأ ﻣـﻦ ﻏـ ا ـﺮﺟﺢ أن ﻳﻜﻮن اﺻﻄﺪاﻣﻬﺎ ا ﺒﺎﴍ ﺑﻤﺠﺮة درب اﻟﺘﺒﺎﻧﺔ أﻣﺮًا ﻣﺆﻛﺪًا . ﻻ ﻄﻠﻖ ا ﺳﻴ ﺻﻄﺪام ﺑ ﻣﺠﺮﺗﻨـﺎ وﻣﺠﺮة ا ﺮأة ا ﺴﻠﺴﻠﺔ ) اﻧﺪروﻣﻴﺪا ( ﻋﺎﺻـﻔﺔ ﻧﺎرﻳﺔ ﻧﺎرﻳﺔ ﻣﻦ وﻻدة اﻟﻨﺠـﻮم، وا ﺴـﺘﻌﺮات اﻟﻌﻈﻤـﻰ، ورﺑﻤـﺎ ﻳـﺪﻓﻊ ﺷﻤﺴـﻨﺎ إﱃ ﻣـﺪار : ﻘﻠﻢ ﺑ ﺜﺎﻧﻲداوﻧﺮ و ﺎﻟﺔ ﻧﺎﺳﺎ / و ﺎﻟﺔ اﻟﻔﻀﺎء اﻷوروﺑ ﺔ ﻧﺎرﻳــﺔ ﺗــﺆدي إﱃ وﻻدة اﻟﻨﺠــﻮم و ﺣــﺪوث ا ﺴﺘﻌﺮات اﻟﻌﻈﻤﻰ ورﺑﻤﺎ اﻟ ﺪﻓﻊ ﺗ إﱃ ﺸـﻤﺲ ﻣﺪار ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ . أﺷﺎرت ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎت ا ﺤﺎﻛﺎة إﱃ أن ذﻟﻚ أﻣﺮ ﻻ ﻣﻔﺮ ﻣﻨﻪ وﻣﻊ ذﻟﻚ ﺗ ﺸـ دراﺳـ ﺔ ﺟﺪﻳﺪة ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪام ﺑﻴﺎﻧﺎت ﻣﻦ ﺗﻠﺴﻜﻮب ﻫﺎﺑﻞ وﺗﻠﺴـﻜﻮب ﻏﺎﻳ ـﺎ اﻟﺘ ـﺎﺑﻊ ﻟﻮﻛﺎﻟ ـﺔ اﻟﻔﻀـﺎء اﻷوروﺑﻴﺔ إﱃ أن ﻫـﺬا ﻗـﺪ ﻻ ﻳﻜـ ﻮن ﺻـﺤﻴﺤ ﺎً ﺑﺎﻟﴬـورة . أﻋـﺎد ﺑـﺎﺣﺜﻮن ﺑـﺪﻣﺞ أرﺻـﺎد ﻣﺮﺻﺪﻳﻦ ﻓﻀﺎﺋﻴ دراﺳﺔ اﻟﺘﻨﺒﺆ ﺑﺎﺻـﻄﺪ ام ﻣﺠﺮﺗﻲ درب اﻟﺘﺒﺎﻧﺔ ا ﺴﻠﺴـﻠﺔ ) اﻧﺪروﻣﻴـﺪا ( ووﺟﺪوا أﻧﻪ أﻗـﻞ ﺣﺘﻤﻴـﺔ ﺑﻜﺜـ ﻣﻤـﺎ ﻛـﺎن ﻳﻌﺘﻘﺪه ﻋﻠﻤﺎء اﻟﻔﻠﻚ ﺳﺎﺑﻘًﺎ . ووﺟﺪوا أﻧﻪ أﻗـﻞ ﺣﺘﻤﻴـﺔ ﺑﻜﺜـ ﻣﻤـ ﺎ ﻛـﺎن ﻳﻌﺘﻘﺪه ﻋﻠﻤﺎء اﻟﻔﻠـﻚ ﺳـﺎﺑﻘ ﺎً وذﻟـﻚ ﺑﺴـﺒﺐ وﺟﻮد ﺑﻴﺎﻧﺎت ﺟﺪﻳﺪة ﺗ ﺸ إﱃ ﻣﺴﺎر ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﻟﻬﻤﺎ ﻣﺎ ﻳﻔﺘﺢ آﻓﺎﻗﺎً ﻟﻔﻬﻢ ﺗﻄﻮر ا ﺠﺮات . ﻗــﺎل ﺗﻴــﻞ ﺳــﻮاﻻ ﻋـﺎﻟﻢ اﻟﻔﻠــﻚ ﰲ ﺟﺎﻣﻌ ـﺔ ﻫﻠﺴﻨﻜﻲ ﰲ ﻓﻨﻠﻨﺪا وا ﺆﻟﻒ اﻟﺮﺋﻴﴘ ﻟﻠﺪراﺳـﺔ اﻟﺘﻲ ﻧُ ـ ﴩت ﰲ ﻣﺠﻠﺔ ﻧﻴﺘــﴩ اﺳـﱰوﻧﻮﻣﻲ : " ﻟﺪﻳﻨﺎ اﻟﻴﻮم اﻟﺪ راﺳـﺔ اﻷﻛﺜـﺮ ﺷـﻤﻮﻻً ﻟ ﻬـﺬه ا ﺸﻜﻠﺔ واﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﺸﻤﻞ ﰲ اﻟﻮاﻗﻊ ﺟﻤﻴﻊ أوﺟـﻪ ﻋﺪم اﻟﻴﻘ اﻟﺮﺻﺪﻳﺔ ." ﺳﺒﺘﻤﺒﺮ - ﺃﻛﺘﻮﺑﺮ 2 0 2 5