Free Astronomy Magazine September-October 2025 ARABIC VERSION

SEPTEMBER-OCTOBER2025 around 1.5 times that of the Sun, anditappearstobeanA-orB-type pre- main-sequence star — a hot, young,blue-whitestarthathasnot yetinitiatedhydrogenburninginits core. The companion is at a rela- tivelyclosedistanceawayfromthe surfaceofBetelgeuse—aboutfour times the distance between the Earth and the Sun. This is the first timeaclose-instellarcompanionhas beendetectedorbitingasupergiant star. Even more impressive — the companionorbitswellwithinBetel- geuse’s outer extended atmosphere, provingtheincredibleresolvingabil- itiesof‘Alopeke. “GeminiNorth’s ability to obtain high angular reso- lutions and sharp contrasts allowed the companion of Betelgeuse to be directlydetected,” saysHowell.Furthe rmore,heexplainsthat‘Alopekedidwh atnoothertele- scopehasdonebefore: “Papersthatpre dictedBetelgeuse’scom- panion believed that no one would likely ever be able to image it.” Thisdiscoveryprovidesaclearerpic - ture of this red supergiant’s life and futuredeath.Betelgeuseandits companion star were likely born at the same time. However, the com- panionstarwillhaveashortened lifespanasstrongtidalforceswill causeittospiralintoBetel- geuseandmeetitsdemise, which scientists estimate will occur within the next 10,000 years. The discovery also helps to explain why similar red su- pergiantstarsmightun- dergo periodic changes in theirbrightnessonthescale of many years. How- ell shares his hope for fur- therstudiesinthisarea: “This detection was at the very extremes of what can be accomplished with Geminiintermsofhigh- angularresolutionimag- ing,anditworked.This nowopensthedoorfor otherobservationalpur- suits of a similar nature.” Martin Still, NSF program directorfortheInterna- tional Gemini Observatory adds: “Thespecklecapabil- itiesprovidedbytheInter- nationalGeminiObservatorycon- tinue to be a spectacular tool, open to all astronomers for a wide range of astronomy applications. Deliver- ing the solution to the Betelgeuseproblemthathasstoodforh un- dredsofyearswillstandasanevoca- tive highlight achievement.” Another opportunity to study Betel- geuse’s stellar companion will occur in November 2027 when it returns to its furthest separation from Betel- geuse,andthuseasiesttodetect. Howell and his team look forward to observations of Betelgeuse beforeand during this event to better con- strainthenatureofthecompanion.    48 ﻣﺠﻠﺔ FreeAstronomy ﺎﻟﻌﺮ ﺔ ﺻـــــــﻮرة ـــــــﺔ ﻟ ﻮﻛ اﻟــــــــﺠﻮزاء ﻣــــــــﻊ ﺗﻮﺿــــﻴﺢ ﻟ ﻼﺗﺤــــﺎد اﻟﻔﻠﻜــــﻲ اﻟـــــﺪوﻟﻲ ﻣﺠﻠـــــــــﺔ و ﺳـــــــــ ﺎي آﻧـــــــــﺪ ﺗﻠﺴـــــــــ ﻮ . ب ﺸ اﻟﺴﻬﻢ إﻟﻰ ﻣﻨﻜﺐ اﻟ ـ . ﺠﻮزاء [E. Slawik/NOIRLab/NSF/ AURA/M. Zamani] ﻳﻘﻊ اﻟﺮﻓﻴﻖ ﻋﲆ ﻣﺴﺎﻓﺔ ﻗﺮﻳﺒـﺔ ﻧﺴـﺒﻴ ﺎً ﻣـﻦ ﺳﻄﺢ ﻣﻨﻜﺐ اﻟﺠﻮز اء ﻣﺎﻳﻌﺎدل ﺣﻮاﱄ أرﺑﻌـﺔ أﺿﻌﺎف ا ﺴﺎﻓﺔ ﺑ اﻷرض واﻟﺸﻤﺲ . ﺗﻌﺪ ﻫﺬه ﻫﻲ ا ﺮة اﻷوﱃ اﻟﺘﻲ ﻳﻜﺘﺸـﻒ ﻓﻴﻬـﺎ رﻓ ﻋﻦ ﻴﻖ ﻧﺠﻤـﻲ ﻗﺮﻳـﺐ ﻳـﺪور ﺣـﻮل ﻧﺠـﻢ ﻋﻤﻼق واﻷﻛﺜﺮ إﺛـﺎرة ﻫـﻮ أن اﻟﺮﻓﻴـﻖ ﻳـﺪور داﺧﻞ اﻟﻐﻼف اﻟﺠﻮي اﻟﺨﺎرﺟﻲ ا ﻤﺘﺪ ﻨﻜـﺐ اﻟ ﺠﻮزاء ﻣﻤﺎ ﻳﺜﺒﺖ ﻗـﺪرات ﺟﻬـﺎز اﻟﺘﺼـﻮﻳﺮ أﻟﻮﺑ " ا ﺬﻫﻠﺔ " ﻜﻲ ﰲ اﻟﺘﺤﻠﻴﻞ . ﻳﻘﻮل ﻫﺎول " : ﻟﻘـﺪ أﺗﺎﺣـﺖ ﻗـﺪرة ﺗﻠﺴـﻜﻮب ﺟﻴﻤﻴﻨﻲ ﻧﻮرث اﻟﺤﺼـﻮل ﻋـﲆ دﻗـﺔ زاوﻳـﺔ ﻋﺎﻟﻴﺔ وﺗﺒﺎﻳﻨﺎت ﺣﺎدة ﻻ ﻛﺘﺸﺎف رﻓﻴﻖ ﻣﻨﻜـﺐ اﻟﺠﻮزاء ﻣﺒﺎﴍة ﻋﻼوة ﻋﲆ ذﻟﻚ ﻓـﺎن ﺟﻬـﺎز أﻟﻮﺑ " " ﻜﻲ ﻓﻌﻞ ﻣﺎ ﻟﻢ ﻳﻔﻌﻠﻪ أي ﺗﻠﺴﻜﻮب آﺧﺮ آﺧﺮ ﻣﻦ ﻗﺒﻞ " : اﻋﺘﻘﺪت اﻷوراق اﻟﺒﺤﺜﻴﺔ اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﻨﺒﺄت ﺑﻮﺟﻮد رﻓﻴﻖ ﻣﻨ ﻜﺐ اﻟﺠﻮزاء أﻧـﻪ ﻣـﻦ و ﻣﻦ ﻗﺒﻞ اﻋﺘﻘﺪت اﻷوراق اﻟﺒﺤﺜﻴﺔ اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﻨﺒﺄت ﺑﻮﺟﻮد رﻓﻴﻖ ﻨﻜﺐ اﻟﺠـﻮزاء أﻧـﻪ ﻣـﻦ ﻏـ ا ﺮﺟﺢ أن ﻳﺘﻤﻜﻦ أﺣﺪ ﻣﻦ ﺗﺼﻮﻳﺮه . ﻳﻘﺪم ﻫﺬا ا ﻻﻛﺘﺸﺎف ﺻﻮرة أوﺿﺢ ﻟﺤﻴﺎة ﻫﺬا اﻟﻌﻤـﻼق اﻷﺣﻤﺮ وﻣﻮﺗﻪ ا ﺴﺘﻘﺒﲇ . ﻣﻦ ا ﺮﺟﺢ أن ﻳﻜﻮن ﻧﺠـﻢ ﻣﻨﻜـﺐ اﻟﺠـﻮزاء وﻧﺠﻤﻪ ا ﺮاﻓﻖ ﻗﺪ وﻟﺪا ﰲ اﻟﻮﻗﺖ ﻧﻔﺴﻪ وﻣـﻊ ذﻟﻚ، ﺳﻴﻜﻮن ﻋﻤﺮ اﻟﻨﺠﻢ ا ﺮاﻓـﻖ أﻗـ إذ ﴫـ ﺳﺘﺆدي ﻗﻮى ا ﺪ اﻟﻘﻮﻳﺔ إﱃ دﺧﻮﻟﻪ ﰲ دواﻣـﺔ ﺣﻮل اﻟ ﻨﺠﻢ ﻣﻨﻜﺐ اﻟﺠﻮزاء وﻣﻼﻗـﺎ ة ﺣﺘﻔـﻪ وﻫﻮ ﻣ ﺎ ﻳﻘﺪر اﻟﻌﻠﻤﺎء ﺣﺪوﺛﻪ ﺧﻼل اﻟـ ﻌﴩة ـ آﻻف ﻋﺎم اﻟﻘﺎدﻣﺔ . ﻳﺴـﺎﻋﺪ ﻫـﺬا اﻻﻛﺘﺸـﺎف أﻳﻀًﺎ ﻋـﲆ ﺗﻔﺴـ ﺳـﺒﺐ ﺧﻀـﻮع اﻟﻨﺠـﻮم اﻟﻌﻤﻼﻗﺔ اﻟﺤﻤﺮاء ا ﻤﺎﺛﻠﺔ ﻟﺘﻐ ات دورﻳـﺔ ﰲ ﺳﻄﻮﻋﻬﺎ ﻋﲆ ﻣﺪى ﺳﻨﻮات ﻋﺪﻳـﺪة . وﻳﻌـﺮب ﺳـﻄﻮﻋﻬﺎ ﻋـﲆ ﻣـﺪى ﺳـﻨﻮات ﻋﺪﻳﺪة ( ﻫﻮوﻳﻞ ) وﻳﻌﺮب ﻋﻦ أﻣﻠﻪ ﰲ إﺟﺮاء ا ﺰﻳﺪ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺪراﺳـﺎت ﰲ ﻫﺬا ا ﺠﺎل " : ﻛﺎن ﻫﺬا اﻻﻛﺘﺸﺎف ﰲ أﻗﴡﺣﺪود ﻣﺎ ﻳﻤﻜﻦ ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻘﻪ ﺑﺎﺳــﺘﺨﺪام ﺗﻠﺴــﻜﻮب ﻣﻨﻜــﺐ اﻟﺠﻮزاء ﻣﻦ ﺣﻴﺚ اﻟ ﺘﺼﻮﻳﺮ ﻋـﺎﱄ اﻟﺪﻗﺔ وﻗﺪ ﻧﺠﺢ وﻫﺬا ﻳﻔﺘﺢ اﻟﺒﺎب اﻵن أﻣﺎم ﻣﺴﺎﻋﻲ رﺻﺪﻳﺔ أﺧﺮى ذات ﻃﺒﻴﻌﺔ ﻣﻤﺎﺛﻠﺔ ". ﻳﻀ ـﻴﻒ ﻣ ـﺎرﺗﻦ ﺳ ـﺘﻴﻞ ﻣــﺪﻳﺮ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﺞ ﻣﺆﺳﺴﺔ اﻟﻌﻠﻮم اﻟﻮﻃﻨﻴﺔ اﻻﻣﺮﻳﻜﻴ ـﺔ ﰲ ﻣﺮﺻـﺪ ﺟﻴﻤﻴﻨ ـﻲ اﻟﺪوﱄ " : ﻻ ﺗﺰال إﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﺎت اﻟ ﺮﺻﺪ اﻟﺘـﻲ ﻳﻮﻓﺮﻫـﺎ ﻣﺮﺻـﺪ ﺟﻴﻤﻨـﻲ اﻟﺪوﱄ أداة ﻣﺬﻫﻠﺔ ﻣﺘﺎﺣﺔً ﻟﺠﻤﻴﻊ ﻋﻠﻤﺎء اﻟ ﻔﻠﻚ ﺠﻤ ﻮﻋﺔ واﺳﻌﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺗﻄﺒﻴﻘﺎت ﻋﻠـﻢ اﻟﻔﻠـﻚ و ﺗﺴـﺎﻋﺪ ﻫﺬه اﻹﻣﻜﺎﻧﺎت ﺑﺸـﻜﻞ ﻛﺒـ ﰲ اﻟﻜﺸــﻒ ﻋــﻦ أﴎار اﻟﻜــﻮن وﻣﻌﺎﻟﺠﺔ ﺑﻌﺾ اﻷﺳـﺌﻠﺔ اﻷﻛﺜـﺮ ﰲ ﻣﺠﺎل اﻟﻔﻴﺰﻳﺎء اﻟﻔﻠﻜﻴﺔ ." إن ﺗﻘﺪﻳﻢ ﺣﻞ ﺸﻜﻠﺔ ﻣﻨﻜـﺐ اﻟﺠـﻮ زاء اﻟﺘـﻲ اﺳﺘﻤﺮت ﺌﺎت اﻟﺴﻨ ﺳﻴﻤﺜﻞ إﻧﺠـﺎزاً اً ﺑـﺎرز اً وﻣﺜ ﻟﻼﻫﺘﻤﺎم . ﻗﺪ ﻳﺆدي ﻫﺬا اﻻﻛﺘﺸﺎف إﱃ ﻓﻬﻢ أﻋﻤﻖ ﻟﻠﻨﺠﻮم اﻟﻌﻤﻼﻗﺔ اﻟﺤﻤﺮاء وﻛﻴﻔﻴﺔ ﺗﻄﻮرﻫﺎ . ﻣﻦ ﺷﺄن ﻫـﺬه اﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧـﺎت اﻟﺠﺪﻳـﺪة أن ﺗﻌﻴ ـﺪ ﺗﺸــﻜﻴﻞ ﻧﻈﺮﻳﺎﺗﻨﺎ اﻟﺤﺎﻟﻴﺔ وﺗﻔﺘﺢ آﻓﺎﻗﺎً ﺟﺪﻳﺪة ﻷﺑﺤﺎث اﻟﻔﻀﺎء . ﺳﺘُﺘﺎح ﻓﺮﺻﺔ أﺧﺮى ﻟﺪراﺳﺔ رﻓﻴـﻖ ﻣﻨﻜـﺐ اﻟﺠـﻮزاء اﻟﻨﺠﻤــﻲ ﰲ ﻧـﻮﻓﻤﱪ 2027 ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ ﻳﻌﻮد إ ﱃ أﺑﻌﺪ ﻧﻘﻄـﺔ ﻟـﻪ ﻋـﻦ ﻣﻨﻜـ ﺐ اﻟﺠﻮزاء وﺑﺎﻟﺘﺎﱄ ﻳ ﺼﺒﺢ ﻣﻦ اﻷﺳﻬﻞ رﺻﺪه . ﻳﺘﻄﻠﻊ ( ﻫﻮوﻳﻞ ) وﻓﺮﻳﻘـﻪ إﱃ رﺻـﺪ ﻣﻨﻜـﺐ اﻟﺠﻮزاء ﻗﺒـﻞ وأﺛﻨـﺎء ﻫـﺬا اﻟﺤـﺪث ﻟﺘﺤﺪﻳـﺪ ﻃﺒﻴﻌﺔ اﻟﺮﻓﻴﻖ ﺑﺸﻜﻞ أﻓﻀﻞ . ﺳﺒﺘﻤﺒﺮ - ﺃﻛﺘﻮﺑﺮ 2 0 2 5