Free Astronomy Magazine September-October 2025 ARABIC VERSION

T Dimming.’ The event led some to believethat a supernova death was quickly approach- ing, but scientists were able to determine the dimming was actually caused by a large cloud of dust ejected from Betelgeuse. The Great Dimming mystery was solved, but the event sparked a renewed in- terestinstudyingBetel- geuse, which brought about new analyses of archival data on the star. One analysis led scientists to propose thatthecauseofBetel- geuse’ssix-yearvari- abilityisthepresenceofacompan- ionstar.ButwhentheHubbleSpace Telescope and the Chandra X-Ray Observatorysearchedforthiscom- panion, no detections were made. The companion star has now been detectedforthefirsttimebyateam of astrophysicists led by Steve How- ell,seniorresearchscientistatNASA AmesResearchCenterandleadau- thorofthepaperreportingthedis- covery. They observedBetelgeuse using a speckle imager called ‘Alopeke. ‘Alopeke, which means ‘fox’ in Hawaiian, is funded by the NASA–NSF Exoplanet Observational ResearchProgram(NN-EXPLORE) he International Gemini Observatory consists of twin 8.1-meter diameter optical/infrared telescopeslocatedontwoofthebestobserving sites on the planet. The North telescope is lo- cated on Hawaii’s Maunakea. [International Gemini Observatory/NOIRLab/NSF/AURA/J. Chu] andismountedontheGemini North telescope, one half of the In- ternational Gemini Observatory, funded in part by the U.S. National ScienceFoundationandoperated by NSF NOIRLab. Speckle imaging is an astronomical imaging technique that uses very short exposure times to freeze out the distortions in images caused by Earth’s atmosphere. This technique enables high resolution, which,when combined with the light col- lectingpowerofGeminiNorth’s 8.1- meter mirror, allowed for Betel- geuse’s faint companion to be di- rectly detected. Analysis of the companion star’s light allowed Howell and his team to determine the companion star’s characteristics.Theyfoundthatitis six magnitudes fainter than Betel- geuse in the optical wavelength range,ithasanestimatedmassof ﻣﺠﻠﺔ FreeAstronomy ﺎﻟﻌﺮ ﺔ 47 ﻣﺮﺻـــﺪ ـ اﻟــــ ﺠﻮزاء اﻟــــﺪوﻟﻲ ــــﻮن ﺘ ﺼــــﺮ ﻣــــﻦ ﺗﻠﺴــــ ﻮﺑ و اﻷ ﺷﻌﺔ ﺗﺤﺖ اﻟ ـ ﻤﺮاء ﻗﻄﺮ ﻞ ﻣﻨﻬﻤﺎ 8.1 و اً ﻣ ﻘﻌﺎن ﻓﻲ ﻣــﻦ أﻓﻀـﻞ ﻣﻮاﻗــﻊ اﻟﺮﺻــﺪ ﻋﻠــﻰ اﻟ ﻮﻛــﺐ اﺛﻨـ . ﻘــﻊ ــ ﺟ ﻤ ﻧﻮر ﻋﻠﻰﺟﺒﻞ ﻣﻮﻧﺎ ﻛ ﺎ ﻓﻲﻫﺎواي . [International Gemini Observatory/NOIRLab/NSF/AURA/J. Chu] دﻓﻊ ﻫﺬا اﻟﺤﺪث اﻟـﺒﻌﺾ إﱃ اﻻﻋﺘﻘﺎد ﺑﺄن ﻧﻬﺎﻳـﺔ ﻣﺴـﺘﻌﺮ أﻋﻈﻢ ﺗﻘﱰب ﺑ ﴪﻋﺔ ـ ﻟﻜـﻦ اﻟﻌﻠﻤﺎء ﺗﻤﻜﻨﻮا ﻣﻦ ﺗﺤﺪﻳﺪ أن اﻟﺘﻌﺘﻴﻢ ﻛﺎن ﰲ اﻟﻮاﻗﻊ ﺑﺴﺒﺐ ﺳـﺤﺎﺑﺔ ﻛﺒـ ة ﻣـﻦ اﻟ ﻐﺒـﺎر ا ﻘﺬوف ﻣﻦ ﻣﻨﻜﺐ اﻟﺠﻮزاء . ﺣﻞ ﻟﻐﺰ اﻟ ﺨﻔﻮت اﻟﻌﻈﻴﻢ ﻟﻜﻦ اﻟﺤﺪث أﺛﺎر اﻫﺘﻤﺎﻣ ﺎً اً ﻣﺘﺠـﺪد ﺑﺪراﺳﺔ ﻣﻨﻜﺐ اﻟﺠﻮزاء ﻣﻤـﺎ أدى إﱃ ﺗﺤﻠـــﻴﻼت ﺟﺪﻳـــﺪة ﻟﻠﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎت اﻷرﺷﻴﻔﻴﺔ ا ﺘﻌﻠﻘـﺔ . ﺑ ـﻪ دﻓ ـﻊ أﺣـﺪ اﻟﺘﺤﻠ ـﻴﻼت اﻟﻌﻠﻤﺎء إﱃ اﻗـﱰاح أن ﺳـﺒﺐ ﺗﻘﻠﺐ ﻣﻨﻜـﺐ اﻟﺠـﻮزاء ـﺪة ﺳﺖ ﺳﻨﻮات ﻫﻮ وﺟﻮد ﻧﺠـﻢ ﻣﺼﺎﺣﺐ . وﻟﻜﻦ ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ ﺑﺤﺚ ﺗﻠﺴــﻜﻮب ﻫﺎﺑـﻞ اﻟﻔﻀـﺎﺋﻲ وﻣﺮﺻــﺪ ﺗﺸــﺎﻧﺪرا ﻟﻸﺷـﻌﺔ ﺎﺳـــﺘﺨﺪام أﻟـــﻮ" ﺟﻬــــﺎز " ﻜﻲ اﻟﻤﻤــــﻮل ﻣــــﻦ ـــــــــﺔ ﻧﺎﺳـــــــــﺎ وﻣﺆﺳﺴـــــــــﺔ اﻟﻌﻠـــــــــﻮم اﻟﻮﻃﻨ ﻋﻠــــــــــﻰ ــ ﺗﻠﺴـ ﻮبﺟ ﻤ ﻧــﻮر اﻛﺘﺸـﻒﻋﻠﻤــﺎء اﻟﻔﻠــﻚ ﻧ ﻤـــــ ﺎً ﺎً ﻣﺮاﻓﻘـــــ ـــــﺪورﻓـــــﻲﻣـــــﺪارﺷـــــﺪ ﺪ اﻟﻀـــــﻴﻖ ﺣــــﻮل ﻣﻨﻜـــــﺐ اﻟـــــ ـ . ﺠﻮزاء ــــﺐﻫـــــﺬا اﻻﻛﺘﺸـــــﺎف ﻳﺠ ﻋﻠـــﻰﺳـــﺆال ﺣـــﻮل ﻗـــﺪ ﻢ ﻌـــﻮد ﻵﻻف اﻟﺴـــﻨ ﺳــــ ﺐ ﺗﻐــــ ﺳــــﻄﻮع ﻫــــﺬا اﻟــــﻨ ﻢ ﺸــــ ﻞ دوري ﻟﻤـــــﺪة ﺳـــــﺖﺳـــــﻨﻮات ـــــ ﺗﻘﺮ ﺎً ﻤـــــﺎ ﻘـــــﺪم ﻧﻈـــــﺮة ـــﺔ ﺛﺎﻗ ـــﺔ وراء اﻟﻌﻤﺎﻟﻘـــﺔ ـــﺎت اﻟﻔ ﺎﺋ ﻋﻠـــﻰ اﻵﻟ ـ اﻟــــ ﻤﺮاء اﻟﻌﻤﻼﻗــــﺔ اﻟﻤﺘﻐــــ ة اﻷﺧــــﺮى . ﻈﻬــــﺮ اﻟـــــﻨ ﻢ ـــــﺎﻟﻠﻮن اﻷزرقﻫﻨـــــﺎ ﻷ اﻟﻤﺮاﻓـــــﻖ ﻧـــــﮫ ﻨـــــﺎءً ﻋﻠـــﻰ ﺗﺤﻠﻴـــﻞ اﻟﻔﺮ ـــﻖ ـــﻢ ﻣـــﻦ ﻣـــﻦ اﻟﻤـــﺮﺟﺢ أﻧـــﮫ ﻧ اﻟﻨــــــــــﻮع A أو B و ﻼﻫﻤــــــــــﺎ أزرق أﺑــــــــــ ﺾ ﺴــــــــــ ﺐ ارﻔﺎع درﺟﺔ ﺣﺮارﻬﻤﺎ . [International Gemini Observatory/NOIRLab/NSF/ AURA − Image Processing: M. Zamani (NSF NOIRLab)] ﻣ ﺪ ﺗﺸﺎﻧﺪرا ﻟﻸﺷﻌﺔ اﻟﺴـﻴﻨﻴﺔ ﻋـﻦ ﻫـﺬا اﻟﻨﺠﻢ ا ﺼﺎﺣﺐ، ﻟﻢ ﻳﺘﻢ رﺻـﺪ أي ﳾء . ﺗـﻢ اﻛﺘﺸﺎف اﻟﻨﺠﻢ ا ﺼﺎﺣﺐ اﻵن ﻷول ﻣﺮة ﻣـﻦ ﻗﺒﻞ ﻓﺮﻳﻖ ﻣﻦ ﻋﻠﻤﺎء اﻟﻔﻴﺰﻳﺎء اﻟﻔﻠﻜﻴﺔ ﺑﻘﻴﺎدة ﺳﺘﻴﻒ ﻫﺎول، ﻛﺒ اﻟﺒﺎﺣﺜ ﰲ ﻣﺮﻛﺰ أﺑﺤـﺎث ﺳﺘﻴﻒ ﻫﺎول ﻛﺒ اﻟﺒﺎﺣﺜ ﰲ ﻣﺮﻛﺰ أﺑﺤـﺎث أﻣﻴﺲ اﻟﺘﺎﺑﻊ ﻟﻨﺎﺳﺎ وا ﺆﻟﻒ اﻟﺮﺋﻴﴘ ﻟﻠﻮرﻗـﺔ اﻟﺒﺤﺜﻴﺔ اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﺘﻨﺎول ﻫﺬا اﻻﻛﺘﺸﺎف . رﺻـﺪوا ﻣﻨﻜﺐ اﻟﺠﻮزاء ﺑﺎﺳـﺘﺨﺪام ﺟﻬـﺎز ﺘاﻟ ﺼـﻮﻳﺮ ﻣﺮﻗﻂ ﻳُﺴـﻤﻰ " أﻟـﻮﺑﻴﻜﻲ ." ﻳُﻤـﻮّل ﺑﺮﻧـﺎﻣﺞ ا ﺮﻗﻂ ا ﺴﻤﻰ أﻟﻮﺑﻜﻲ " " وﻫﻮ ﺟﻬﺎز ﻣﺘﻄـﻮر ﻳﻘﻠﻞ ﻣـﻦ ﺗـﺎﺛ ﺗﺸـﻮﻳﺶ اﻟﻐـﻼف اﻟﺠـﻮي ﻟﻠﺤﺼﻮل ﻋـﲆ ﺻـﻮر ﻋﺎﻟﻴـﺔ اﻟﺪﻗـﺔ ﻳﻤـﻮ و ل ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﺞ ﻟﻠﺒﺤﺚ ﻋﻦ اﻟﻜﻮاﻛﺐ ﺧـﺎرج ﻧﻈﺎﻣﻨـﺎ اﻟﺸـﻤﴘ اﻟﺘـﺎﺑﻊ ﻟﻮﻛﺎﻟـﺔ ﻧﺎﺳـﺎ وﻣﺆﺳﺴـﺔ اﻟﻌﻠﻮم اﻟﻮﻃﻨﻴﺔ اﻷﻣﺮﻳﻜﻴﺔ ﺟﺰءا ﻣـﻦ أﺑﺤـﺎث اﻟ ﺘﻠﺴﻜﻮب " ﺟﻴﻤﻴﻨﻲ ﻧﻮرث وﻫـﻮ ﺟـﺰء ﻣـﻦ ﻣﺮﺻﺪ ﺟﻴﻤﻴﻨﻲ اﻟﺪوﱄ اﻟـﺬي ﻳﻤﻮﻟـﻪ وﻳـﺪﻳﺮه ﻣﺨﺘـﱪ ﻧـﻮﻳﺮﻻب اﻟﺘـﺎﺑﻊ ﺆﺳﺴـﺔ اﻟﻌﻠـﻮم اﻟ ﻮﻃﻨﻴﺔ اﻷﻣﺮﻳﻜﻴﺔ . اﻟﺘﺼﻮﻳﺮ ا ﺮﻗﻂ ﻫﻮ ﺗﻘﻨﻴـﺔ ﺗﺼـﻮﻳﺮ ﻓﻠﻜﻴـﺔ ﺗﺴﺘﺨﺪم ﻓﱰات ﺗﻌﺮﻳﺾ ﻗﺼ اً ة ﺟـﺪ ﻟﻌـﺰل اﻟﺘﺸﻮﻫﺎت ﰲ اﻟﺼـﻮر اﻟﻨﺎﺗﺠـﺔ ﻋـﻦ اﻟﻐـﻼف اﻟﺠﻮي ﻟﻸ ﺗﻨﺘﺞ . رض ﻫﺬه اﻟﺘﻘﻨﻴﺔ دﻗﺔ ﻋﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﺖ دﻣﺠ ﻣﺎ وﻋﻨﺪ ﻣﻊ ﻗﻮة ﺗﺠﻤﻴﻊ اﻟﻀﻮء ـﺮآة " ﺟﻴﻤﻴﻨﻲ ﻧﻮرث " اﻟﺘﻲ ﻳﺒﻠﻎ ﻗﻄﺮﻫﺎ 8.1 أﻣﺘﺎر ﺳﻤﺤﺖ ﺑﺎﻛﺘﺸـﺎف رﻓ ﻴـﻖ ﻣﻨﻜـﺐ اﻟﺠـﻮزاء اﻟﺨﺎﻓﺖ ﻣﺒﺎﴍة . ﻟﻘـﺪ ﺳـﻤﺢ ﺗﺤﻠﻴـﻞ ﺿـﻮء اﻟﻨﺠﻢ ا ﺮاﻓﻖ ﻟ ( ﻫﻮوﻳﻞ )ـ وﻓﺮﻳﻘـﻪ ﺑﺘﺤﺪﻳـﺪ ﺧﺼﺎﺋﺺ اﻟﻨﺠﻢ ا ﺮاﻓـﻖ ﺣﻴـﺚ وﺟـﺪوا أﻧـﻪ أﺧﻔﺖ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻨﺠﻢ ﻣﻨﻜﺐ اﻟﺠﻮزاء ﺑﺴﺘﺔ أﻗـﺪار ﰲ ﻧﻄﺎق اﻟﻄﻮل ا ﻮﺟﻲ اﻟ ﺒﴫي ـ ﺗﺒﻠﻎ ﻪﺘﻛﺘﻠ و ﺣﻮاﱄ 1.5 ﻣﺮة ﻛﺘﻠﺔ اﻟﺸﻤﺲ وﻳﺒﺪو أﻧﻪ ﻧﺠـﻢ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻨﻮع A أو B ﰲ ﻣﺮﺣﻠﺔ ﻣﺎ ﻗﺒـﻞ اﻟﻨﺴـﻖ اﻟﺮﺋﻴﴘ أي ﻧﺠﻢ ﺷﺎب أﺑـﻴﺾ ﺳﺎﺧﻦ ﻣـﺰرق ﻟﻢ ﻳﺒﺪأ ﺑﻌﺪ ﰲ ﺣﺮق اﻟﻬﻴﺪروﺟ ﰲ ﻧﻮاﺗﻪ .