Free Astronomy Magazine September-October 2025 ARABIC VERSION

Long-predicted companion of Betelgeuse discovered by NOIRLab Josie Fenske etelgeuseisoneofthebright- est stars in the night sky, and theclosestredsupergiantto Earth. It has an enormous volume, spanningaradiusaround700times that of the Sun. Despite only being tenmillionyearsold,whichiscon- sidered young by astronomy stan- dards, it’s late in its life. Located in the shoulder of the constellation Orion, people have observed Betel- geusewiththenakedeyeformillen- nia,noticingthatthestarchangesin brightnessovertime.Astronomers establishedthatBetelgeusehasa mainperiodofvariabilityofaround 400daysandamoreextendedsec- ondary period of around six years. In2019and2020,therewasasteep decreaseinBetelgeuse’sbrightness —aneventreferredtoasthe‘Great ﻣﺠﻠﺔ FreeAstronomy ﺎﻟﻌﺮ ﺔ 46 إ ﻛﺘﺸﺎف اﻟﺮﻓﻴﻖ اﻟﻤﺘﻮﻗﻊ ﻠﻟ ) ﻨ ﻢ ﻣﻨﻜﺐ اﻟـﺠﻮزاء ( : ﻘﻠﻢ ﺟﻮزي ﻓ ﺴﻜﻲ ﻣﺨﺘ ﻧﻮرﻻب ﻌﺪ ﻧﺠﻢ ﻣﻨﻜﺐ اﻟﺠﻮزا ء أﺣﺪ أ ﻊ اﻟﻨﺠـﻮم ﰲ ﺳـﻤﺎء اﻟﻠﻴــﻞ وأﻗـﺮب اﻟﻨﺠـﻮم اﻟﻌﻤ ﻼﻗـﺔ إﱃ اﻷرض . ﻳﺘﻤﺘﻊ ﺑﺤﺠﻢ ﻫﺎﺋﻞ ﻤﺘﺪ ﻳ ﺣﻴﺚ ﻧﺼﻒ ﻗﻄ ـﺮه ﺣ ـﻮاﱄ 700 ﺿــﻌﻒ ﻧﺼــﻒ ﻗﻄــﺮ اﻟﺸﻤﺲ . ﻋﲆ اﻟﺮﻏﻢ ﻣﻦ أن ﻋﻤﺮه ﻻ ﻳﺘﺠـﺎوز ﻋﴩة ﻣﻼﻳ ﻋﺎم وﻫﻮ ﻣﺎ ﻳﻌﺘﱪ ﺻﻐ ﺎً وﻓﻘ اً ﻌﺎﻳ ﻋﻠﻢ اﻟﻔﻠﻚ، إﻻ أﻧﻪ ﰲ ﻣﺮﺣﻠـﺔ ﻣﺘـﺄﺧﺮة ﻌﺎﻳ ﻋﻠﻢ اﻟﻔﻠﻚ إﻻ أﻧﻪ ﰲ ﻣﺮﺣﻠـﺔ ﻣﺘـﺄﺧﺮة ﻣﻦ ﻋﻤﺮه . ﻳﻘﻊ ﻧﺠـﻢ ﻣﻨﻜـﺐ اﻟﺠـﻮزاء ﻋﻨـﺪ ﻃﺮف ﻛﻮﻛﺒﺔ اﻟﺠﺒـﺎر وﻗـﺪ رﺻـﺪه اﻟﺒــﴩ ﺑﺎﻟﻌ ا ﺠﺮدة ﻣﻨﺬ آﻻف اﻟﺴﻨ وﻻ ﺣﻈـﻮا أن ﺳﻄﻮﻋﻪ ﻳﺘﻐ ﺑﻤﺮور اﻟﻮﻗﺖ وﻗﺪ أﺛﺒﺖ ﻋﻠﻤﺎء اﻟﻔﻠﻚ أن ﻧﺠﻢ ﻣﻨﻜﺐ اﻟﺠـﻮزاء ﻳﺘﻤﻴـﺰ ﺑﻔـﱰة ﺗﻐ رﺋﻴﺴﻴﺔ ﺗﺒﻠـﻎ ﺣـﻮاﱄ 400 ﻳـﻮم وﻓـﱰة ﺗﻐ رﺋﻴﺴﻴﺔ ﺗﺒﻠـﻎ ﺣـﻮاﱄ 400 ﻳـﻮم وﻓـﱰة ﺛﺎﻧﻮﻳﺔ أﻃﻮل ﺗﺒﻠﻎ ﺣﻮاﱄ ﺳﺖ ﺳﻨﻮات . ﺳﺠﻞ ﻋ ﻠﻤﺎء اﻟﻔﻠﻚ ﰲ ﻋـﺎﻣﻲ 2019 و 2020 اﻧﺨﻔﺎ ﺎً ﺿ اً ﺣـﺎد وﻣﻔﺎﺟﺌـﺎً ﰲ ﺳـﻄﻮع ﻧﺠـﻢ ﻣﻨﻜﺐ اﻟﺠﻮزاء ﰲ ﺣﺪث ﻓﻠﻜـﻲ ﺑـﺎرز ﻌـﺮف ﻳ اﻟ" ﺑﺎﺳﻢ ﺨﻔـﻮت اﻟﻌﻈـﻴﻢ ." ﻋﻨـﺪﻣﺎ ﺗﺘﻤـﺰق اﻟﻨﺠﻮم اﻟﻀﺨﻤﺔ اﻟﺸ - ـ ﻤﴘ ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ ﻛـﺎن ﰲ