Free Astronomy Magazine September-October 2025 ARABIC VERSION

SEPTEMBER-OCTOBER2025 sivestars’livelybehav- ior,thelocalstarforma- tion process will even- tually come to a stop. Startwiththetoebean at top center, which is nicknamed the “Opera House” for its circular, tiered-like structure. Theprimarydriversfor the area’s cloudy blue glowaremostlikelyto- warditsbottom:either the light from the brightyellowishstarsor from a nearby source still hidden behind the dense,darkbrowndust. Just below the orange- brown tiers of dust is a bright yellow star with diffractionspikes.While thismassivestarhas carved away at its immediate sur- roundings, it has been unable to push the gas and dust away to greater distances, creating a com- pact shell of surround- ingmaterial. Look closely to notice small patches, like the tuning fork-shaped area to the Opera House’s immediate left, that contain fewer stars. Theseseeminglyvacant zonesindicatethepres- ence of dense fore- ground filaments of dust that are home to still-forming stars and block the light of stars in the background. Toward the image’s center are small, fiery red clumps scattered amongst the browndust. These glowing red sources mark regions where massive star for- mationisunderway,al- ner. Some massive blue-white stars, like the one in the lower left toe bean, seem to be more sharply re- This is because any in- tervening material be- tween the star and the telescopehasbeendissi- pated by stellar radia- tion. Near the bottom of that toe bean are small, dense filaments of dust. These tiny clumps ofdust have managed to remain despite the in- tenseradiation,suggest- ing that they are dense enough to form proto- stars. A small section of yellowattherightnotes thelocationofastill-en- shrouded massive star that has managed to shine through interven- ing material. Acrossthisentirescene aremanysmallyellowstarswithdif- fraction spikes. Bright blue-white stars are in the foreground of this Webbimage,butsomemaybea part of the more expan- sive Cat’s Paw Nebula area. One eye-catching aspect of this Webb image is the bright, red-orange ovalattopright.Itslow count of background starsimpliesitisadense area just beginning its star-formation process. A couple of visible and still-veiledstarsarescat- tered throughout this region, which are con- tributing to the illumi- nationofthematerialin the middle. Some still- enveloped stars leave hintsoftheirpresence, like a bow shock at the bottomleft,whichindi- catesanenergeticejec- tionofgasanddust beitinanobscuredman- fromabrightsource.   42 ﻣﺠﻠﺔ FreeAstronomy ﺎﻟﻌﺮ ﺔ اﺑـﺪأ ﺑـﻨﺠﻢ اﻟﺘـﻮأم " " ﰲ أﻋـﲆ ا ﺮﻛﺰ، واﻟـﺬي ﻳ ﻠﻘـﺐ ﺑــ دار " اﻷوﺑــﺮا " ﻟﺒﻨﻴﺘــﻪ اﻟﺪاﺋﺮﻳـــﺔ ا ﺘﺪرﺟ ـﺔ ﺮﺟﻳ ـ . ﺢ أن ﺗﻜــﻮن اﻟﻌﻮاﻣﻞ اﻟﺮﺋﻴﺴﻴﺔ وراء اﻟﺘﻮﻫﺞ اﻷزرق اﻟﻐﺎﺋﻢ ﰲ ا ﻨﻄﻘﺔ ﻧﺤـﻮ أﺳـﻔﻠﻬﺎ : إﻣـﺎ ﺿـﻮء اﻟﻨﺠـﻮم اﻟﺼﻔﺮاء اﻟﺴـﺎﻃﻌ ﺔ أو ﺿـﻮء ﻣﺼﺪر ﻗﺮﻳﺐ ﻻ ﻳﺰال ﻣﺨ ﺎً ﻔﻴـ ﺘ ﺧﻠـﻒ اﻟﻐﺒـﺎر اﻟﺒﻨـﻲ اﻟـﺪاﻛﻦ اﻟﻜﺜﻴﻒ . أﺳﻔﻞ ﻃﺒﻘﺎت ا ﻟﻐﺒﺎر اﻟﱪﺗﻘﺎﻟﻴﺔ اﻟﺒﻨﻴﺔ ﻣﺒﺎﴍةً ﺟﺪ ﻳﻮ ﻧﺠﻢ أﺻﻔﺮ ﺳﺎﻃﻊ ذو ﻧﺘﻮءات ﺣﻴﻮد وﺑﻴﻨﻤﺎ ﻧﺤ ﺖ ﻫﺬا اﻟـﻨﺠﻢ اﻟﻀﺨﻢ ﻣﺤﻴﻄﻪ ا ﺒﺎﴍ إﻻ أﻧﻪ ﻟـﻢ ﻳـﺘﻤﻜﻦ ﻣـﻦ دﻓـﻊ اﻟ ﻐـﺎز واﻟﻐﺒﺎر ﺑﻌﻴﺪاً ﺴـﺎﻓﺎت أﻛـﱪ ﻣﻤــﺎ أدى إﱃ ﺗﻜــﻮﻳﻦ ﻏــﻼف ﻛﺜﻴﻒ ﻣﻦ ا ﻮاد ا ﺤﻴﻄﺔ . اﻧﻈﺮ ﻋــﻦ ﻛﺜــﺐ ﻼﺣﻈــﺔ ﺑﻘــﻊ اﻧﻈﺮ ﻋﻦ ﻛﺜﺐ ﻟﺘﻼﺣﻆ ﺎً ﺑ ﻌ ﺻـﻐ ة ﻣﺜـﻞ ا ﻨﻄﻘﺔ اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﺸﺒﻪ اﻟﺸﻮﻛﺔ اﻟﺮﻧﺎﻧﺔ ﻋﲆ ﻳﺴﺎر دار اﻷوﺑﺮا ﻣ ﺒﺎﴍة واﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﺤﺘـﻮي ﻋـﲆ ﻋـﺪد أﻗﻞ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻨﺠﻮم . ﻮم ﺗﺸ ﻫﺬه ا ﻨﺎﻃﻖ اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﺒﺪو . ﺗﺸـ ﻫـﺬه ا ﻨﺎﻃﻖ اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﺒـﺪو ﺧﺎﻟﻴـﺔ إﱃ وﺟﻮد ﺧﻴﻮط ﻏﺒـﺎر ﻛﺜﻴﻔـﺔ ﰲ ا ﻘﺪﻣﺔ وﻫﻲ ﻣﻮ ﻃﻦ ﻟﻨﺠﻮم ﻻ ﺗﺰال ﰲ ﻃﻮر اﻟﺘﻜﻮﻳﻦ وﺗﺤﺠﺐ ﺿﻮء اﻟﻨﺠﻮم ﰲ اﻟﺨﻠﻔﻴﺔ . ﻳﻮﺟﺪ ﰲ ﻣﺮﻛﺰ اﻟﺼـﻮرة ﻛﺘـﻞ ﺣﻤﺮاء ﻧﺎرﻳﺔ ﺻﻐ ة ﻣﺘﻨـﺎﺛﺮ ة ﺑ اﻟﻐﺒﺎر اﻟﺒﻨﻲ ﺗ. ﺸـ ﻫـﺬه ا ﺼﺎدر اﻟﺤﻤﺮاء ا ﺘﻮﻫﺠـﺔ إﱃ ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ ﺗﻜﻮّن ﻧﺠـﻮم ﺿـﺨﻤﺔ وإن ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﻏ واﺿﺤ . ﺔ ﺗﺒﺪو ﺑﻌـﺾ اﻟﻨﺠـﻮم اﻟﺰرﻗـﺎء اﻟﺒﻴﻀﺎء اﻟﻀﺨﻤﺔ ﻣﺜﻞ اﻟـﻨﺠﻢ ا ﻮﺟﻮد ﰲ ﺣﺒـﺔ اﻟﻔﺎﺻـﻮﻟﻴﺎء اﻟﺴــﻔﻠﻴﺔ اﻟﻴــ ـ ﴪى أﻛﺜــﺮ وﺿﻮﺣﺎً ﻣـﻦ ﻏ ﻫـﺎ وﻳﺮﺟـﻊ ذﻟﻚ إﱃ أن أي ﻣﺎدة ﻓﺎﺻﻠﺔ ﺑ اﻟﻨﺠﻢ وا ﻟﺘﻠﺴﻜﻮب ﻗﺪ ﺗﺒـﺪدت ﺑﻔﻌــﻞ اﻹﺷــﻌﺎع اﻟﻨﺠﻤــﻲ . ﺑﺎﻟﻘﺮب ﻣـﻦ أﺳـﻔﻞ ﻣﻨﻄﻘـﺔ ﺣﺒﺔ اﻟﻔﺎﺻﻮﻟﻴﺎء، ﺗﻮﺟﺪ ﺧﻴﻮط ﻏﺒـﺎر ﺻـﻐ ة ﻛﺜﻴﻔـﺔ . وﻗـﺪ ﺣﺒﺔ اﻟﻔﺎﺻﻮﻟﻴﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﺪ ﺧﻴﻮط ﻏﺒـﺎر ﺻـﻐ ة ﻛﺜﻴﻔﺔ وﻗﺪ ﺗﻤﻜﻨﺖ ﻫﺬه اﻟﻜﺘﻞ اﻟﺼـﻐ ة ﻣـﻦ اﻟﻐﺒﺎر ﻣﻦ اﻟﺒﻘﺎء ﻋـﲆ اﻟـﺮﻏﻢ ﻣـﻦ اﻹﺷـﻌﺎع اﻟﻜﺜﻴـﻒ ﻣﻤـﺎ ﻳﺸـ إﱃ أﻧﻬـﺎ ﺜﻴﻔــﺔ ﺑ ﻛ ﻤـﺎ ﻳﻜﻔـﻲ ﻟﺘﻜـﻮﻳﻦ ﻧﺠﻮم أوﻟﻴﺔ ﻳ. ﺸ ﺟﺰء ﺻﻐ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻠﻮن اﻷﺻﻔﺮ ﻋﲆ اﻟﻴﻤـ إﱃ ﻣﻮﻗﻊ ﻧﺠﻢ ﺿـﺨﻢ ﻻ ﻳـﺰال ﺎً ﻣﺤﺠﻮﺑ وﻗﺪ ﺗﻤﻜﻦ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺘﺄﻟﻖ ﻋﱪ ا ﻮاد ا ﺘﺪاﺧﻠﺔ . ﻳﻈﻬﺮ ﰲ ﻫﺬا ا ﺸـﻬﺪ ﺑﺄﻛﻤﻠـﻪ اﻟﻌﺪﻳﺪ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻨﺠـﻮم اﻟﺼـﻔﺮاء اﻟﺼـــﻐ ة ذات اﻟ ﻄﻔـــﺮات ا ﺸـﺘﺘﺔ ﻛﻤـﺎ ﺗﻈﻬــﺮ ﻧﺠـﻮم ﺑﻴﻀــﺎء ﻣﺰرﻗــﺔ ﻃﻌﺔ ﰲ ﺳــﺎ ا ﻘﺪﻣﺔ ﺻﻮرة ﺗﻠﺴﻜﻮب وﻳﺐ و ﻗﺪ ﻳﻜﻮن ﺑﻌﻀﻬﺎ ﺟـﺰء اً ﻣـﻦ ﻣﻨ ﻄﻘﺔ ﺳﺪﻳﻢ ﻣﺨﻠـﺐ اﻟﻘـﻂ اﻷﻛﺜﺮ اﺗﺴﺎﻋ و ﺎً ﻣـﻦ اﻟﺠﻮاﻧـﺐ اﻟﻼﻓﺘــﺔ ﻟﻠﻨﻈــﺮ ﰲ ﺻــﻮرة ﺗﻠﺴﻜﻮب وﻳـﺐ ﻫـﺬه اﻟﺸـﻜﻞ اﻟﺒﻴﻀﺎوي اﻟﺴﺎﻃﻊ ذي اﻟﻠـﻮن اﻷﺣﻤﺮ اﻟﱪﺗﻘﺎﱄ أﻋﲆ اﻟﻴﻤـ . اﻷﺣﻤﺮ اﻟﱪﺗﻘﺎﱄ اﻋﲆ اﻟﻴﻤ . ﻳﺸ ﻗﻠﺔ ﻋـﺪد اﻟﻨﺠﻮم ا ﻟﺨﻠﻔﻴﺔ إﱃ أن ﻫﺬه ا ﻨﻄﻘـﺔ ﻛﺜﻴﻔـﺔ وﻗﺪ ﺑﺪأت ﻟﻠﺘﻮ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺗ ﻜﻮ ﻳﻦ اﻟﻨﺠﻮم ﴩ ـﻳﻨﺘ . ن ﻻ ﻳﺰاﻻن ﻣﺤﺠﻮﺑ ﻧﺠﻤــﺎن ﺮﺋﻴــﺎ ن ﻻ ﻳــﺰاﻻن ﻣﺤﺠﻮﺑ ﰲ ﺟﻤﻴﻊ أﻧﺤﺎء ﻫﺬه ا ﻨﻄﻘﺔ ﻣﻤﺎ ﻳ ﺴﻬﻢ ﰲ إﺿـﺎءة ا ــﺎدة ﰲ ا ﻨﺘﺼــﻒ . ﺑﻌــﺾ اﻟﻨﺠﻮم اﻟﺘـﻲ ﻻ ﺗـﺰ ال ﻣﻐﻠﻔـﺔ ﺗﱰك ﺗﻠﻤﻴﺤﺎت ﻋـﻦ وﺟﻮدﻫـﺎ ﻣﺜﻞ ﺻﺪﻣﺔ ﻗﻮﺳﻴﺔ ﰲ أﺳـﻔﻞ اﻟﻴﺴﺎر ﻣﻤـﺎ ﻳـﺪل ﻋـﲆ ﻃـﺮد ﻃﺎﻗ ﺔ اﻟﻐﺎز واﻟﻐﺒﺎر ﻣﻦ ﻣﺼﺪر ﺳﺎﻃﻊ ﺗ وﻫﻜﺬا ﻘﺪم ﻟﻨﺎ ﻫـﺬه اﻟﺼﻮرة اﻟﻔﻠﻜﻴﺔ ﺤـﺔ راﺋﻌـﺔ ﻋ ـﻦ اﻟ ـﻮﻻدة اﻟﻨﺠﻤﻴ ـﺔ وﻣــﺎ ﻳﺼﺎﺣﺒﻬﺎ ﻣﻦ أﺣﺪاث در اﻣﻴـﺔ . إﻧﻬ ـﺎ ﻟﻴﺴـﺖ ﻣﺠــﺮد ﺻـﻮرة ﺑ ـﻞ ﺟﻤﻴﻠـﺔ ﺳــﺠﻞ ﺗـﺎرﻳﺨﻲ ﻟﻌﻤﻠﻴــﺎت ﻓﻴﺰﻳﺎﺋﻴــﺔ ﻣﻌ ﻘــﺪة ﺗﺤﺪث ﰲ اﻟﻜﻮن ﻫﻲ و ﺑﻤﺜﺎﺑـﺔ ﺣﺠﺮ اﻟﺰاوﻳـﺔ ﰲ ﻋﻠـﻢ اﻟﻔﻠـﻚ ﺣﻴﺚ ﺗﻜﺸﻒ ﻟ ﻨﺎ ﻋـﻦ اﻷﴎ ار اﻟﻌﻤﻴﻘﺔ اﻟﺘـﻲ ﺗُﺸـﻜ ﻞ ﻧﺴـﻴﺞ اﻟﻮﺟﻮد . ﻣﻦ ﺣﻮﻟﻨﺎ ﺴﺘﻜﺸﻒ ـﺔ ﻣـﻦ اﻟ ﻫﺬا اﻟﺘﺼـﻮر ﻣ ﻤﻮﻋـﺔ ﻓﺮﻋ ـﻞ ﻬ ﺎ ـﺔ اﻟﻔﺎﺻـﻮﻟ ﺎء ﺗﺸـ ﮫ ﺣ اﻟـ ــﺔ ﺿــ ﻤﺔ ﺿــﻤﻦ ﻣﻘﻄـﻊ ﻣــﻦﺳــﺪ ﻢ ﻣﺨﻠــﺐ اﻟﻘــﻂوﻫــﻲﻣﻨﻄﻘــﺔ ﻣﺤﻠ ــﻮ ﻟﺘ ﻳﻦ اﻟﻨﺠــﻮم ﺗﻘﻊ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺴﺎﻓﺔ ﺣﻮاﻟﻲ 4000 ﺳﻨﺔ ﺿﻮﺋ ﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻮﻛ ﺔ اﻟﻌﻘﺮ ﺸ ﻞ ﻣﺪﻫﺶ . [Greg Bacon (STScI), Frank Summers (STScI) − Joseph DePasquale (STScI) − Ralf Crawford (STScI), Leah Hustak (STScI), Christian Nieves (STScI), Alyssa Pagan (STScI) − NASA, ESA, CSA, STScI, VISTA] ﻈﻬــﺮ ـــﺪﻳﻮ ﻣﻮﻗــﻊﺳـــﺪ ﻢ ﻣﺨﻠـــﺐ اﻟﻘــﻂﻓـــﻲ اﻟﺴـــﻤﺎء ﻫـــﺬا اﻟﻔ . ــﺪأ ﺼـــﻮرة ﻳ أرﺿـــ ﺔ اﻟﺘﻘﻄﻬــﺎ اﻟﻤﺼــﻮرأﻛـــ ا ﻓــﻮﺟﻲ ﺛـــﻢ ﻈﻬــﺮﻣ ﺸــﺎﻫﺪ ﻣـــﻦ ﻣﺴــﺢ اﻟﺴـــﻤﺎء اﻟﺮﻗﻤــﻲ . ﺛـــﻢ ــﺪﻳﻮ ﻋﻠــﻰﺟــﺰء ﻣ ﻳﺮﻛــﺰ اﻟﻔ ﺤــﺪد ﻣــﻦ اﻟﺴــﻤﺎء ﻟ ﻜﺸــﻒﻋــﻦ ﺻــﻮرة ﻟﺴــﺪ ﻢ ﻣﺨﻠــﺐ اﻟﻘــﻂ ﻓــﻲ اﻟﻀـﻮء اﻟﻤﺮــﻲ ﻣــﻦ اﻟﻤﺮﺻــﺪ اﻷوروﺑــﻲ اﻟــ ـ . ﺠﻨﻮﺑﻲ ــﺪﻳﻮ ﺴــﺘﻤﺮ اﻟﻔ ﻓــﻲ ﺗﻜﺒــ ﺟــﺰء ﻣــــﻦﺳــــﺪ ﻢ ﻣﺨﻠــــﺐ اﻟﻘـــــﻂ ﺛــــﻢ ﻨﺘﻘــــﻞ ﺗــــﺪر ﺠ ﺎُ اﻟﺘﻘﻄﻬـــــﺎ إﻟـــــﻰ اﻟﺼــــﻮرة اﻟﻤﺬﻫﻠــــﺔ اﻟــــ ﺗﻠﺴ ﻮبﺟ ﻤﺲو ﺐ اﻟﻔﻀﺎﺋﻲ اﻟﺘﺎﺑﻊ ﻟﻨﺎﺳﺎ ﻓﻲﺿﻮء اﻷﺷﻌﺔ ﺗﺤﺖ اﻟ ـ ﻤﺮاء اﻟﻘﺮﺐ . [NASA, ESA, CSA, STScI, Danielle Kirshenblat (STScI)] ﺳﺒﺘﻤﺒﺮ - ﺃﻛﺘﻮﺑﺮ 2 0 2 5