Free Astronomy Magazine September-October 2025 ARABIC VERSION

40 Webb scratches beyond surface of Cat’s Paw byNASA/ESA/CSA AbigailMajor5HannahBraun t’sthecat’smeow!Tocelebrateitsthird year of revealing stunning scenes of the cosmosininfraredlight,NASA’sJames WebbSpaceTele-scope has “clawed” back the thick, dusty layers of a section within theCat’sPawNebula(NGC6334).Focusing Webb’sNIRCam(Near-InfraredCamera)ona single“toebean”withinthisactivestar- formingregionrevealedasubsetofminitoe beans, which appear to contain young stars shaping the surrounding gas and dust. Webb’s look at this particular area of the Cat’sPawNebulajustscratchesthesurface ofthetelescope’sthreeyearsofground- breaking science. “Threeyearsintoitsmission,Webbcontin- uestodeliveronitsdesign–revealingprevi- ously hidden aspects of the universe, from the star formation process to some of the earliest galaxies,” said Shawn Domagal- Goldman, acting director of the Astrophysics Division at NASA Headquarters in Washing- ton. “Asitrepeatedlybreaksitsownrecords, Webb is also uncovering unknowns for new generations of flagship missions to tackle. Whetherit’sfollowinguponthemysteries of dark matter with NASA’s nearly complete NancyGraceRomanSpaceTelescope,ornar- rowing our search for life to Earth-like planiththeHabitableWorldsObservatory, thequestionsWebbhasraisedarejustasex- citi as the answers it’s giving us.” The progression from a large molecular cloud to massive stars entails multiple steps, someofwhicharestillnotwellunderstood by astronomers. Located approximately 4,000 light-years away in the constellation Scorpius,theCat’sPawNebulaoffersscien- tiststheopportunitytostudytheturbulent cloud-to-starprocessingreatdetail.Webb’s observation of the nebula in near-infrared lightbuildsuponpreviousstudiesbyNASA’s HubbleandretiredSpitzerSpaceTelescope in visible- and infrared-light, respectively. Withitssharpresolution,Webbshowsnever- before-seenstructuraldetailsandfeatures: Massive young stars are carving away at nearby gas and dust, while their bright starlightisproducingabrightnebulousglow representedinblue.It’satemporaryscene wherethedisruptiveyoungstars,withtheir relativelyshortlivesandluminosity,havea brief but important role in the region’s " و ﺐ" أ ﻜﺸﻒ ﻋﻤﺎق ﺳﺪ ﻢﻣﺨﻠﺐ اﻟﻘﻂ : ﻘﻠﻢ أﺑﻴﺠﻴﻞ ﻣﻴﺠﻮر و ﻫﺎﻧﺎ ﺑﺮاون و ﺎﻟﺔ ﻧﺎﺳﺎ / و ﺎﻟﺔ اﻟﻔﻀﺎء اﻷوروﺑ ﺔ / و ﺎﻟﺔ اﻟﻔﻀﺎء اﻟﻜﻨﺪ ﺔ اﺣﺘﻔـﺎﻻً ﺑﻌﺎﻣﻪ اﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ ﻋﲆ اﻟﺘـﻮاﱄ ﰲ ﺗﻘـﺪﻳﻢ ﻣﺸـﺎﻫﺪ ﻜﻮن ﺧﻼﺑﺔ ﻟﻠ ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪام اﻷﺷﻌﺔ ﺗﺤـﺖ اﻟﺤﻤـﺮاء ﻧﺠـﺢ ﺗﻠﺴـﻜﻮب ﺟـﻴﻤﺲ وﻳـ ﺐ اﻟﻔﻀـﺎﺋﻲ اﻟﺘـﺎﺑﻊ ﻟﻨﺎﺳـﺎ ﰲ إز " اﺣﺔ " ﻃﺒﻘﺎت اﻟﻐﺒﺎر اﻟﺴﻤﻴﻜﺔ اﻟﺘـﻲ ﺗﻐﻄـﻲ ﺟـﺰءا داﺧﻞ ﺳﺪﻳﻢ ﻣﺨﻠـﺐ اﻟﻘـﻂ ) NGC6334 وﺑ ( ﺎﺳـﺘﺨﺪام ﻛﺎﻣ ا ﺗﻠﺴـﻜﻮب وﻳـﺐ اﻟﻘﺮﻳﺒـﺔ ﻣـﻦ اﻷﺷـﻌﺔ ﺗﺤـﺖ اﻟﺤﻤﺮاء ﻧ ﻛﺎم ) ( وﺗﻮﺟﻴﻬﻬﺎ ﻧﺤﻮ " " ﺣﺒﺔ ﺗﻮت واﺣـﺪة ﺬه ا ﻨ ﺿﻤﻦ ﻫ ﻄﻘﺔ اﻟﻨﺸﻄﺔ ﻟﺘﻜﻮﻳﻦ اﻟﻨﺠﻮم اﻟ ﺗﻢ ﻜﺸﻒ ﻋﻦ ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ ﻓﺮﻋﻴﺔ ﻣﻦ " " ﺣﺒﺎت اﻟﺘﻮت اﻟﺼﻐ ة اﻟ ﺘـﻲ ﻳﺒﺪو أﻧﻬﺎ ﺗﺤﺘﻮي ﻋﲆ ﻧﺠﻮم ﺣﺪﻳﺜﺔ اﻟﺘﻜـﻮﻳﻦ ﻣﺤﺎﻃـﺔ ﺑﺴﺤﺐ اﻟﻐﺎز واﻟﻐﺒﺎر . إن ﻧﻈﺮة ﺗﻠﺴﻜﻮب وﻳﺐ إﱃ ﻫﺬه ا ﻨﻄﻘـﺔ ﺗﺤﺪﻳـﺪ اً ﻣـﻦ ﺳﺪﻳﻢ ﻣﺨﻠﺐ اﻟﻘﻂ ﺗﻤﺜﻞ ﺤﺔ ﺑﺴﻴﻄﺔً ﻋﻦ ﺛﻼث ﺳﻨﻮات ﻣﻦ اﻹﻧﺠﺎزات اﻟﻌﻠﻤﻴ ﺔ اﻟﺮاﺋﺪة ﻟ ﻬﺬا ﻟﺘﻠﺴﻜﻮب . ﻗﺎل ﺷﻮن دوﻣﺎﺟﺎل ﻏﻮﻟﺪﻣﺎن اﻟﻘﺎﺋﻢ ﺑﺄﻋﻤﺎل ﻣﺪﻳﺮ ﻗﺴﻢ اﻟﻔﻴﺰﻳﺎء اﻟﻔﻠﻜﻴﺔ ﰲ ﻣﻘﺮ ﻧﺎﺳﺎ ﺑﻮ اﺷـﻨﻄﻦ " : ﺑﻌـﺪ ﺛـﻼث ﺳﻨﻮات ﻣﻦ ﻣﻬﻤﺘﻪ ﻳﻮاﺻﻞ ﺗﻠﺴﻜﻮب وﻳﺐ اﻟﻜﺸﻒ ﻋﻦ ﺟﻮاﻧﺐ ﺧﻔﻴﺔ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻜﻮن ﺑﺪء اً ﻣﻦ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺗﻜﻮﻳﻦ اﻟﻨﺠﻮم ووﺻﻮﻻً إﱃ ﺑﻌﺾ أﻗﺪم ا ﺠﺮات ." أﺿﺎف " : ﺗﺤﻄﻴ ﻣﻊ ﻤﻪ ا ﺘﻜﺮر ﻷرﻗﺎﻣﻪ اﻟﻘﻴﺎﺳﻴﺔ ﻳﻜﺸﻒ ﺗﻠﺴﻜﻮب وﻳﺐ أﻳﻀ ﺎً ﻋﻦ ﺟﻮاﻧﺐ ﻣﺠﻬﻮﻟﺔ ﻷﺟﻴﺎل ﺟﺪﻳ ﺪة ﻣﻦ اﻟﺒﻌﺜﺎت اﻟﺮاﺋﺪة ﻌﺎﻟﺠﺘﻬﺎ ﺳﻮاء ﻛﺎن ذﻟـﻚ ﻣﺘﺎﺑﻌـﺔً ﻷﴎار ا ﺎدة ا ﻈﻠﻤﺔ ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪام ﺗﻠﺴﻜﻮب ﻧﺎﻧﴘ ﺮﻳﺲ ﻏ روﻣﺎن اﻟﻔﻀﺎﺋﻲ ﺷﺒﻪ ا ﻜﺘﻤﻞ اﻟﺘﺎﺑﻊ ﻟ ﻨﺎﺳﺎ أو ﺗﻀـﻴﻴﻖ ﻧﻄﺎق ﺑﺤﺜﻨﺎ ﻋﻦ اﻟﺤﻴـﺎة إﱃ ﻛﻮاﻛـﺐ ﺷـﺒﻴﻬﺔ ﺑـﺎﻷرض ﺑﺎﺳﺘ ﺨﺪام ﻣﺮﺻﺪ اﻟﻌﻮاﻟﻢ اﻟﺼﺎﻟﺤﺔ ﻟﻠﺴﻜﻦ ﻓﺈن اﻷﺳﺌﻠﺔ اﻟﺘﻲ ﻳ ﻄﺮﺣﻬﺎ ﺗﻠﺴﻜﻮب وﻳﺐ ﻟﻴﺴﺖ ﺳﻮى ﺑﺪاﻳﺔ ﻟﺮﺣﻠﺔ ﻳُﺴﺘﺸﻬﺪ ﺑﻬﺎ ﻛﺈﺟﺎﺑﺎت ﻳﻘﺪﻣﻬﺎ ﻟﻨﺎ ." ﻳﺘﻄﻠﺐ اﻟﺘﻄﻮر ﻣﻦ ﻌـﺪ ﻋﺎﻣـﮫ اﻟﺜﺎﻟــﺚ ﻣــﻦ اﻹ ﻧﺠـﺎزات ــ اﻟﻌﻠﻤ اﻟ ﺔ ﻐﺰ ـﺮة اﺳـﺘﺨﺪم ﻋﻠﻤﺎء اﻟﻔﻠﻚ ﺗﻠﺴ ﻮب و ﺐ ﻻﺳﺘﻜﺸﺎف اﻟ ﻨ ﺔ اﻟﺪاﺧﻠ ﺔ ﻓـﻲ ﺳــــﺪ ﻢ ﻣﺨﻠــــﺐ اﻟﻘــــﻂ ) NGC6334 ﻲوﻫــــ ( ﻣﻨﻄﻘــــﺔ ـــــﺔ ﻣﺤﻠ ــﻮﻳﻦ اﻟﻨﺠــﻮم ﺿـ ﻤﺔ ﻟﺘ ﺗ. ﻜﺸــﻒ ﻫـﺬﻩ اﻟﺼـﻮرة ﺎﻷﺷــﻌﺔ ﺗﺤــ ﺖ ـاﻟ ﺗ ﻤﺮاء اﻟﻘﺮ ﺔ واﻟ اً ﻈﻬﺮﺟﺰء "ﻣﻦ وﺳﺎدة إﺻﺒﻊ ﺻﻐ ة ﻋﻦ " واﺣﺪة ﻣ ﻤﻮﻋﺔ ﻓﺮﻋ ﺔ ﻣﻦ ـﺔ ـﻞ ﺗُﺸـ ﮫ ﺣ ﻫ ﺎ ﻓﺎﺻـﻮﻟ ﺎ ﺻﻐ ة ﺗﺘ ﻮن ﻣ ﻦ اﻟﻐﺎزواﻟﻐ ﺎروﻧﺠﻮم ﺣﺪ ﺜﺔ اﻟﺘ ﻮﻳﻦ . [NASA, ESA, CSA, STScI] اﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﻋﻦ اﻹ اﻟﺘﻲ ﺟﺎﺑﺎت ﻳﻘﺪﻣﻬﺎ ﻟﻨﺎ ." ﻳﺘﻄﻠﺐ اﻟﺘﻄـﻮر ﻣﻦ ﺳﺤﺎﺑﺔ ﺟﺰﻳﺌﻴﺔ ﻛ ﺒ ة إﱃ ﻧﺠﻮم ﺿـﺨﻤﺔ ﺧﻄـﻮات ﻣﺘﻌﺪدة ﺑﻌﻀﻬﺎ ﻻ ﻳﺰال ﻏ ﻣﻔﻬﻮم ﺟﻴﺪ ﻟ اً ﻌﻠﻤﺎء اﻟﻔﻠﻚ . ﻳﻘﻊ ﺳﺪﻳﻢ ﻣﺨﻠﺐ اﻟﻘﻂ ﻋـﲆ ﺑُﻌـﺪ ﺣـﻮاﱄ 4000 ﺳـﻨﺔ ﺿﻮﺋﻴﺔ ﰲ ﻛﻮﻛﺒﺔ اﻟﻌﻘﺮب وﻳﻮﻓﺮ ﻟﻠﻌﻠﻤﺎء ﻓﺮﺻﺔ دراﺳﺔ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺗﺤﻮﻳﻞ اﻟﺴﺤﺎﺑﺔ ا ﻀـﻄﺮﺑﺔ إﱃ ﻧﺠـﻢ ﺑﺘﻔﺎﺻـﻴﻞ راﺋﻌﺔ وﻳﻌﺘﻤﺪ رﺻﺪ ﺗﻠﺴـﻜﻮب وﻳـﺐ ﻟﻠﺴـ ﺪﻳﻢ ﰲ ﺿـﻮء اﻷﺷﻌﺔ ﺗﺤﺖ اﻟﺤﻤﺮاء اﻟﻘﺮﻳﺒﺔ ﻋـﲆ دراﺳـﺎت ﺳـﺎﺑﻘﺔ أﺟﺮاﻫﺎ ﺗﻠﺴﻜﻮب ﻫﺎﺑﻞ اﻟﺘﺎﺑﻊ ﻟﻨﺎﺳﺎ وﺗﻠﺴﻜﻮب ﺳﺒﻴﺘﺰر اﻟﻔﻀﺎﺋﻲ ا ﺘﻘﺎﻋـﺪ ﰲ اﻟﻀـﻮء ا ﺮﺋـﻲ واﻷﺷـﻌﺔ ﺗﺤـﺖ اﻟﺤﻤﺮاء ﻋﲆ اﻟﺘﻮاﱄ . ﺑﻔﻀﻞ دﻗﺘﻪ اﻟﺤﺎدة ﻳ ﻈﻬﺮ ﺗﻠﺴﻜﻮب وﻳﺐ ﺗﻔﺎﺻﻴﻞ وﺧﺼﺎﺋﺺ ﻫﻴﻜﻠﻴﺔ ﻟﻢ ﻳﺴﺒﻖ ﻟﻬـﺎ ﻣﺜﻴـﻞ ﺣﻴﺚ ﺗﻘﻮم اﻟﻨﺠﻮم ا ﻟﺸﺎﺑﺔ اﻟﻨﺎﺷـﺌﺔ اﻟﻀـ ﺨﻤﺔ ﺑﻨﺤـﺖ اﻟﻐﺎز واﻟﻐﺒﺎر اﻟﻘﺮﻳﺒ ﺑﻴﻨﻤﺎ ﻳ ﻨـﺘﺞ ﺿـﻮ ءﻫﺎ اﻟﺴـﺎﻃﻊ ﺎً ﺗﻮﻫﺠ ﺎً ﺳﺤﺎﺑﻴ ﺎً ﺳﺎﻃﻌ ﻳﻤﺜﻞ ﺑﺎﻟﻠﻮن اﻷزرق . إﻧﻪ ﻣﺸﻬﺪ ﻋﺎﺑﺮ ﺆدي ﺣﻴﺚ ﺗ اﻟﻨﺠـﻮم اﻟﻨﺎﺷـﺌﺔ ﺑﻌﻤﺮﻫـﺎ اﻟﻘﺼ ﻧﺴﺒﻴ ﺎً وﺳـﻄﻮﻋﻬﺎ دور اً ﻟ وﺟﻴـﺰاً ﻜﻨـﻪ ﻣﻬـﻢ ﰲ اﻟﻘﺼﺔ اﻷﻛﱪ ﻟﻠﻤﻨﻄﻘﺔ و اﻟ ﺑﺴﺒﺐ ﻨﺸـﻂ ﺴﻠﻮك اﻟ ﻟﻬـﺬه اﻟﻨ ﺠﻮم اﻟﻀﺨﻤﺔ ﺳﻴﺘﻮﻗﻒ ﺗﻜﻮﻳﻦ اﻟﻨﺠﻮم ﰲ ا ﻨﻄﻘﺔ . ﰲ ﺑﺪاﻳﺔ ﺗﺸﻜﻠﻪ ." 40