Free Astronomy Magazine September-October 2025 ARABIC VERSION

The most energetic explosions since the Big Bang byKeckObservatory Meagan O’Shea stronomers using data from theW.M.KeckObservatory onMaunakea,Hawai ‘ iIsland discoveredthemostenergeticcos- mic explosions discovered to date, naming the new class of events “ex- treme nuclear transients” (ENTs). Theseextraordinaryphenomenaoc- cur when massive stars—at least three times heavier than our Sun— are torn apart after wandering too closetoasupermassiveblackhole. Their disruption releases vast amounts of energy visible across enormous distances. “We’ve ob- servedstarsgettingrippedapartas tidal disruption events for over a decade,buttheseENTsaredifferent beasts,reachingbrightnessesnearly ten times more than what we typi- callysee,” saidJasonHinkle,wholed thestudyasthefinalpieceofhis doctoral research at the Universityof Hawai ‘ i’s Institute for Astronomy (IfA). “NotonlyareENTsfarbrighter than normal tidal disruption events, buttheyremainluminousforyears, farsurpassingtheenergyoutputof even the brightest known super- nova explosions.” Theimmensetotalenergyoutputof أﻋﻨﻒ اﻹ ﻧﻔﺠﺎرات اﻟ ﻮﻧ ﺔ ﻣﻨﺬ اﻹ ﻧﻔﺠﺎراﻟﻌﻈ ﻢ : ﻘﻠﻢ ﻣﻴﺠﺎن أوﺷ ﺎ ﻣﺮﺻﺪ ﻛ ﻚ ﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪام ﺑﻴﺎﻧﺎت أرﺷﻴﻔﻴﺔ ﻣﻦ ﻣﺮﺻﺪ ﻛﻴﻚ ﰲ ﻣﻮﻧﺎ ﻛﻴﺎ ﺑ ﺠﺰﻳﺮة ﻫـﺎواي اﻛﺘﺸـﻒ ﻋﻠﻤـﺎء اﻟﻔﻠﻚ اﻹ ﻧﻔﺠﺎرا ت اﻟﻜﻮﻧﻴﺔ اﻷﻛﺜﺮ ﻃﺎﻗﺔً ﺣﺘـﻰ اﻵن وأﻃﻠﻘﻮا ﻋﲆ ﻫـﺬه اﻟﻔﺌـﺔ اﻟﺠﺪﻳـﺪة ﻣـﻦ اﻷﺣﺪاث اﺳـﻢ " اﻟﻈـﻮاﻫﺮ اﻟﻨﻮوﻳـﺔ اﻟﻌـﺎﺑﺮة ا ﺘﻄﺮﻓﺔ ." ﺗﺤﺪث ﻫﺬه اﻟﻈﻮاﻫﺮ اﻻﺳـﺘﺜﻨﺎﺋﻴﺔ ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ ﺗﺘﻤﺰق اﻟﻨﺠﻮم اﻟﻀﺨﻤﺔ - اﻟﺸـ ﻤﴘ ـ ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ ﻛﺎن ﰲ ﺑﺪاﻳﺔ ﺗﺸﻜﻠﻪ ." ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ ﺗﺘﻤﺰق اﻟﻨﺠﻮم اﻟﻀـﺨﻤﺔ اﻟﺘـﻲ ﻳﺰﻳـﺪ وزﻧﻬﺎ ﻋﻦ ﺛﻼﺛﺔ أﺿﻌﺎف وزن اﻟﺸـﻤﺲ ﻋـﲆ اﻷﻗﻞ ﺑﻌﺪ اﻗﱰاﺑﻬﺎ اﻟ ﺸﺪﻳﺪ ﻣـﻦ ﺛﻘـﺐ أﺳـﻮد ﻓﺎﺋﻖ اﻟﻜﺘﻠﺔ ﻳ ﺣﻴﺚ ﻄﻠﻖ اﺿـﻄﺮاﺑﻬﺎ ﻛﻤﻴـﺎت ﻫﺎﺋﻠﺔ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ ا ﺮﺋﻴﺔ ﻋﱪ ﻣﺴﺎﻓﺎت ﻫﺎﺋﻠﺔ . ﻳﻘﻮل ﺟﻴﺴﻮن ﻫﻴﻨﻜﻞ اﻟـﺬي ﻗـﺎد اﻟﺪراﺳـﺎت وﻫﻲ ا ﺮﺣﻠﺔ اﻷﺧ ة ﻣـﻦ ﺑﺤـﺚ اﻟـﺪﻛﺘﻮراه اﻟﺨﺎص ﺑـﻪ ﰲ ﻣﻌﻬـﺪ ﻋﻠـﻢ اﻟﻔﻠـ ﻚ ﺑﺠﺎﻣﻌـﺔ : " ﻫﺎواي ﻟﻘﺪ رﺻﺪﻧﺎ ﻧﺠﻮﻣـ ﺎً ﺗﺘﻤـﺰ ق ﻧﺘﻴﺠـﺔ أﺣﺪاث اﺿﻄﺮاب ﻣﺪ ي ﻷﻛﺜﺮ ﻣـﻦ ﻋﻘـﺪ ﻣـﻦ اﻟﺰﻣﺎن، ﻟﻜﻦ ﻫﺬه اﻻﻧﻔﺠﺎرات اﻟﻨﺠﻤﻴﺔ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ وﺣﻮﺷًﺎ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ، ﺣﻴﺚ وﺻﻞ ﺳﻄﻮﻋﻬﺎ إﱃ ﻣﺎ اﻟﺰﻣﺎن ﻟﻜﻦ ﻫﺬه اﻹ ﻧﻔﺠﺎرا ت اﻟﻨﺠﻤﻴﺔ ﻛﺎﻧـﺖ ﻫﺎﺋﻠﺔ ﺣﻴﺚ وﺻﻞ ﺳﻄﻮﻋﻬﺎ إﱃ ﻣﺎ ﻳﻘﺮ ب ﻣﻦ ﻋﴩة أﺿﻌﺎف ﻣﺎ ﻧﺮاه ﻋـﺎدة ﻣﻤـﺎ ﻳﺸـ إﱃ ﻃﺒﻴﻌﺔ ﻓﺮﻳﺪة ﻟﻬـﺬه اﻷﺣـﺪاث اﻟﻜﻮﻧﻴـﺔ ﻏـ ا ﺄﻟﻮﻓﺔ ." وﻳﻀﻴﻒ " : إن اﻹ ﻧﻔﺠـﺎرا ت اﻟﻨﺠﻤﻴـﺔ ﻟﻴﺴـﺖ أﻛﺜﺮ ﺳﻄﻮﻋ ﺎً ﻣﻦ أﺣﺪاث اﺿﻄﺮاب ا ﺪ واﻟﺠﺰر اﻟﻌﺎدﻳـﺔ ﺑـﻞ إﻧﻬـﺎ ﺗﻈـﻞ ﻣﻀـﻴﺌﺔ ﻟﺴـﻨﻮات ﻣﺘﺠﺎوزة ﺑﻜﺜ ﻧﺎﺗﺞ اﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ ﺣﺘﻰ ﻣـﻦ أ ـﻊ إ ﻧﻔﺠﺎرات ا ﺴﺘﻌﺮات اﻟﻌﻈﻤﻰ ا ﻌﺮوﻓﺔ ." ﺳﺒﺘﻤﺒﺮ - ﺃﻛﺘﻮﺑﺮ 2 0 2 5