Free Astronomy Magazine September-October 2025 ARABIC VERSION

T 6 of these crystalline minerals. With their new discovery, astronomers have found evidence of these hot minerals beginning to condense in the disc around HOPS-315. TheirresultsshowthatSiOispresent around the baby star in its gaseous state, as well as within these crys- tallineminerals,suggestingitison- ly just beginning to solidify. “This processhasneverbeenseenbefore in a protoplanetary disc — or any- whereoutsideourSolarSystem,” says co-author Edwin Bergin, a pro- fessor at the University of Michigan, USA. These minerals were first iden- tified using the James Webb Space Telescope,ajointprojectoftheUS, European and Canadian space agen- cies. To find out where exactly the signals were coming from, the team observed the system with ALMA, the AtacamaLargeMillimeter/submil- limeterArray,whichisoperatedby ESO together with international partnersinChile’sAtacamaDesert. With these data, the team deter- mined that the chemical signals werecomingfromasmallregionof thediscaroundthestarequivalent to the orbit of the asteroid belt around the Sun. “We’re really see- ingthesemineralsatthesameloca- tion in this extrasolar system as where we see them in asteroids in the Solar System, ” says co-author Logan Francis, a postdoctoral re- searcher at Leiden University . Becauseofthis,thediscofHOPS-315 provides a wonderful analogue for studyingourowncosmichistory.As van‘tHoffsays, “thissystemisone ofthebestthatweknowtoactually probe some of the processes that happened in our Solar System.” Italsoprovidesastronomerswith a new opportunity to study early planet formation, by standing in as a substitute for newborn solar sys- tems across the galaxy. ESO astronomer and European AL-MA Programme Manager Elizabeth Humphreys,whodidnottakepart in the study, says: “I was really im- pressed by this study, which reveals a very early stage of planet forma- tion. It suggests that HOPS-315 can be used to understand how our own Solar System formed. This result highlights the combined strength of JWST and ALMA for exploring pro- toplanetarydiscs.”    ﺑﺎﻛﺘﺸﺎﻓﻬﻢ اﻟﺠﺪﻳﺪ وﺟﺪ ﻋﻠﻤـﺎء اﻟﻔﻠـﻚ أدﻟـﺔ ﻋﲆ أن ﻫﺬه ا ﻌﺎدن اﻟﺴﺎﺧﻨﺔ ﺑﺪأت ﺑـﺎﻟﺘﻜﺜﻒ ﰲ اﻟﻘـﺮص ا ﺤـﻴﻂ ﺑـ ﺎﻟ ﻨﺠﻢ HOPS-315. ﺗ ﻈﻬﺮ ﻧﺘﺎﺋﺠﻬﻢ أن أﻛﺴﻴﺪ اﻟﺴﻴﻠﻜﻮن ﻣﻮﺟـﻮد ﺣﻮل اﻟﻨﺠﻢ ﺣﺪﻳﺚ اﻟﺘﻜﻮﻳﻦ ﰲ ﺣﺎﻟﺘﻪ اﻟﻐﺎزﻳﺔ وﻛﺬﻟﻚ داﺧﻞ ﻫﺬه ا ﻌﺎدن اﻟﺒﻠﻮرﻳﺔ ﻣﻤﺎ ﻳﺸ إﱃ أﻧﻪ ﺑﺪأ ﻟﻠﺘﻮ ﺑﺎﻟﺘﺼﻠﺐ . ﻳﻘﻮل إدوﻳﻦ ﺑ ﺟ ا ﺆﻟﻒ ا ﺸﺎرك واﻷﺳﺘﺎذ ﰲ ﺟﺎﻣﻌــﺔ ﻣﻴﺸــﻴﻐﺎن ﺑﺎﻟ ﻮﻻﻳــﺎت ا ﺘﺤــﺪة اﻷﻣﺮﻳﻜﻴﺔ " : ﻟﻢ ﺗ ﺸﺎﻫﺪ ﻫﺬه اﻟ ﻌﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﻣﻦ ﻗﺒـﻞ ﰲ ﻗﺮص ﻛﻮﻛﺒﻲ أوﱄ أو ﰲ أي ﻣﻜـﺎن ﺧـﺎرج ﻧﻈﺎﻣﻨﺎ اﻟﺸﻤﴘ ." ﺗﻢ ﺗﺤﺪﻳـﺪ ﻫـﺬه ا ﻌـﺎدن ﻷول ﻣﺮة ﺑ ﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪ ام ﺗﻠﺴﻜﻮب ﺟـﻴﻤﺲ وﻳـﺐ اﻟﻔﻀﺎﺋﻲ وﻫﻮ ﻣﴩوع ﻣﺸﱰك ﺑ وﻛـﺎﻻت اﻟﻔﻀـﺎء اﻷﻣﺮﻳﻜﻴــﺔ واﻷوروﺑﻴـﺔ واﻟﻜﻨﺪﻳـﺔ . اﻟﻔﻀـﺎء اﻷﻣﺮﻳﻜﻴــﺔ واﻷوروﺑﻴـﺔ واﻟﻜ ﻨﺪﻳـﺔ . ﻌﺮﻓﺔ ﻣﺼﺪر اﻹﺷﺎرات ﺑﺪﻗﺔ رﺻـﺪ اﻟﻔﺮﻳـﻖ اﻟﻨﻈﺎم ﺑﺎﺳـﺘﺨﺪام ﻣﺮﺻـﺪ أﺗﺎﻛﺎﻣـﺎ اﻟﻜﺒـ ا ﻠﻴﻤﱰي / دون ا ﻠﻴﻤﱰي ( أ ﺎ) اﻟـﺬي ﻳﺸـﻐ ﻠﻪ ا ﺮﺻﺪ اﻷوروﺑﻲ اﻟﺠﻨﻮﺑﻲ (ESO) ﺑﺎﻟﺘﻌـﺎون ا ﺮﺻـﺪ اﻷوروﺑـﻲ اﻟﺠﻨـﻮﺑﻲ ﺑﺎﻟﺘﻌـﺎون ﻣـﻊ ﴍﻛﺎء دوﻟﻴ ﰲ ﺻـﺤﺮاء أﺗﺎﻛﺎﻣـ ﺎ ﺑﺘﺸـﻴﲇ . ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪام ﻫـﺬه اﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧـﺎت ﺣـﺪد اﻟﻔﺮﻳـﻖ أن اﻹﺷﺎرات اﻟﻜﻴﻤﻴﺎﺋﻴـﺔ ﻗﺎدﻣـﺔ ﻣـﻦ ﻣﻨﻄﻘـﺔ ﺻﻐ ة ﻣﻦ اﻟﻘﺮص ا ﺤـﻴﻂ ﺑـﺎﻟﻨﺠﻢ ﺗ ﻌـﺎدل ﻣﺪار ﺣﺰام اﻟﻜﻮﻳﻜﺒﺎت ﺣﻮل اﻟﺸﻤﺲ . ﻳﻘﻮل ﻟﻮﻏﺎن ﻓﺮاﻧﺴﻴﺲ اﻟﺒﺎﺣـﺚ ا ﺸـﺎرك ﰲ اﻟﺪراﺳﺔ وﺑﺎﺣﺚ ﻣﺎ ﺑﻌﺪ اﻟﺪﻛﺘﻮراه ﰲ ﺟﺎﻣﻌـﺔ : " ﻻﻳﺪن ﻧﺮى ا ﻌﺎدن ﰲ ﻧﻔﺲ ا ﻮﻗـﻊ ﰲ ﻫـﺬا اﻟﻨﻈﺎم ﺧﺎرج ا ﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ اﻟﺸﻤﺴﻴﺔ ﻛﻤﺎ ﻧﺮاﻫﺎ ﰲ اﻟﻜﻮﻳﻜﺒـﺎت ﰲ اﻟﻨﻈـﺎم اﻟﺸـ ﺬا ﻟﻬـو ﻤﴘـ اﻟﺴﺒﺐ ﻳـﻮﻓﺮ ﻗـﺮص HOPS-315 ﻧﻤﻮذﺟـ ﺎً ﺎً راﺋﻌ ﻟﺪراﺳﺔ ﺗﺎرﻳﺨﻨﺎ اﻟﻜﻮﻧﻲ . و ﻛﻤﺎ ﻳﻘﻮل ﻓﺎﻧﺖ ﻫﻮف ﻳ : " ﻌﺪ ﻫـﺬا اﻟﻨﻈـﺎم ﻣﻦ أﻓﻀﻞ اﻷﻧﻈﻤـﺔ اﻟﺘـﻲ ﻧﻌﺮﻓﻬـﺎ ﻟﺪراﺳـﺔ ﺑﻌـﺾ اﻟﻌﻤﻠﻴـﺎت اﻟﺘـ ﻲ ﺣـﺪﺛﺖ ﰲ ﻧﻈﺎﻣﻨـﺎ اﻟﺸﻤﴘ ﻛﻤـﺎ ﺗ ﺘـﻴﺢ ﻟﻌﻠﻤـﺎء اﻟ ﻔﻠـﻚ ﻓﺮﺻـﺔ ﺟﺪﻳﺪة ﻟﺪراﺳﺔ ﻣﺮاﺣﻞ ﺗﻜﻮن اﻟﻜﻮاﻛﺐ ا ﺒﻜﺮة ﻣـﻦ ﺧ ـﻼل اﺳـﺘﺨ ﺪاﻣﻬﺎ ﻛﺒ ـﺪﻳﻞ ﻟﻸﻧ ﻈﻤ ـﺔ اﻟﺸﻤﺴﻴﺔ ﺣﺪﻳﺜﺔ اﻟﻨﺸﺄة ﰲ أﻧﺤﺎء ا ﺠﺮة . ﺗﻘﻮل إﻟﻴﺰاﺑﻴﺚ ﻫﻤﻔﺮﻳﺰ ﻋﺎ ﺔ اﻟﻔﻠﻚ ﰲ ا ﺮﺻﺪ اﻷوروﺑ ـﻲ اﻟﺠﻨ ـﻮﺑﻲ وﻣ ـﺪﻳﺮة ﺑﺮﻧ ـﺎﻣﺞ أ ـﺎ اﻷوروﺑﻲ واﻟﺘﻲ ﻟﻢ ﺗﺸﺎ رك ﰲ اﻟﺪراﺳﺔ " : ﻟﻘـﺪ أُﻋﺠﺒﺖ ﺑﻬـﺬه اﻟﺪراﺳـﺔ اﻟﺘـﻲ ﺗﻜﺸـﻒ ﻋـﻦ ﻣﺮﺣﻠﺔ ﻣﺒﻜﺮة ﺟﺪ اً ﻣﻦ ﺗﻜﻮن اﻟﻜﻮاﻛﺐ وﺗﺸ إﱃ إ ﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴـﺔ اﺳـﺘﺨﺪام اﻟـﻨﺠﻢ HOPS-315 ﻟﻔﻬﻢ ﻛﻴﻔﻴﺔ ﺗﺸﻜ ﻞ ﻧﻈﺎﻣ ﻨﺎ اﻟﺸﻤﴘ . ﺗ ﱪز ﻫﺬه اﻟﻨﺘﻴﺠﺔ اﻟﻘﻮة ا ﺸﱰﻛﺔ ﻟﺘﻠﺴـﻜﻮب ﺟـﻴﻤﺲ وﻳ ـﺐ اﻟﻔﻀـﺎﺋﻲ وﻣﺮﺻـﺪ أ ـﺎ ﰲ اﺳ ﺘﻜﺸﺎف اﻷﻗﺮاص اﻟﻜﻮﻛﺒﻴﺔ اﻷوﻟﻴﺔ ." 36 ﺳﺒﺘﻤﺒﺮ - ﺃﻛﺘﻮﺑﺮ 2 0 2 5 ﺗﻮﺿــﺢ ــﺪ ـــﻒ ﺘﻜﺜــﻒ اﻟﻐــﺎز اﻟﺴــﺎﺧﻦ ﻣﺘﺤـــﻮﻻً إﻟــﻰﻣﻌــﺎدن ﺻــﻠ ﺔ ﺣـــﻮل اﻟــﻨ ﻢ اﻟﻮﻟ ﻫــﺬﻩ اﻟﺼــﻮرﻛ HOPS-315 . اﻟﺘُﻘﻄـــﺖ اﻟﺼﻮرة ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟ ﻤ ﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪام ﻣﺼﻔﻮﻓﺔ أﺗﺎ ﺎﻣﺎ اﻟﻤﻠ ﻤ ﺔ اﻟﻜﺒ ة / دون اﻟﻤﻠ ﻤ ﺔ أﻟﻤـﺎ ) ( ﻌـﺪ اﻟـ اﻟ ﻤﺮﺻـﺪ اﻷوروﺑـﻲ اﻟــــﺠﻨﻮﺑﻲ ﺗ. ﺷـــﺮ ﺎً ﻓﻴﻬـــﺎ ﻈﻬـــﺮﻣ ﻤﻮﻋﺘـــﺎن ﻣـــﻦ اﻟﺼـــﻮر اﻟﺘﺨ ﻠ ﻠـــﺔ ﻋـــﻦ ﺟﺰ ﺌـــﺎت أول أﻛﺴـــ ﺪ اﻟﺴـــ ﻠﻴ ﻮن وﻫـــﻲ ﺗﺘﻜﺜـــﻒ إﻟـــﻰ ﺳ ﻠﻴ ﺎتﺻﻠ ﺔ . [ESO/L. Calçada/ALMA(ESO/NAOJ/ NRAO)/M. McClure et al.] ﺗﻈﻬﺮ ﻫﺬﻩ اﻟﺼﻮرة ﻧﻔﺜﺎت ﻣـﻦ أول أﻛﺴـ ﺪ اﻟﺴـ ﻠ ﻮن ـﺪاُ ﺗﻨﻄﻠـﻖ ﻌ ﻋـﻦ اﻟـﻨ ﻢ ـﻮﻳﻦ ﺣـﺪ ﺚ اﻟﺘ اﻟﻤﺴـﻤﻰ HOPS-315 . اﻟﺘﻘﻄﺖ اﻟﺼﻮرة ﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪام ﻣﺼﻔﻮﻓﺔ أﺗﺎ ﺎﻣﺎ اﻟﻜﺒ ة اﻟﻤﻠ ﻤ ﺔ دو/ ن اﻟﻤﻠ ﻤ ﺔ أﻟﻤﺎ ) ( اﻟـ ﻌــﺪ اﻟﻤﺮﺻــﺪ اﻷوروﺑــﻲ اﻟــ ـ ﺠﻨﻮﺑﻲﺷــﺮ ﺎً . ﻓﻴﻬــﺎ ﺗﺘﺤـــﺮك اﻟﻨﻔﺜــﺔ اﻟﺰرﻗــﺎء ﻧﺤﻮﻧــﺎ ﺑ ﻨﻤــﺎ ﺗﺘﺤــﺮك اﻷﺧــﺮى ﻣ ﺘﻌـــﺪة . ﺗﻈﻬﺮ اﻷ رﺻﺎد ـﺐ اﻟﻔﻀـﺎﺋﻲ ﺼـﻤﺎتﺣﺮﻛـﺔ أول أﻛﺴـ ﺪ اﻟﻤﻠﺘﻘﻄﺔ ﺎﺳـﺘﺨﺪام ﺗﻠﺴـ ﻮبﺟـ ﻤﺲو اﻟﺴـ ﻠ ﻮن ﺴﺮﻋﺔ ﺣﻮاﻟﻲ 10 ﺛﺎﻧ ﺔ /ﻢ ﻣﻊ ذﻟـﻚ ﺗﺘﺤـﺮك ﻧﻔﺜـﺎت أول أﻛﺴـ ﺪ اﻟﺴـ ﻠ ﻮن اﻟﻈـﺎﻫﺮة ﻓـﻲﺻـﻮرة ﻣﺮﺻـﺪ أﻟﻤـﺎ ــﺎً ﻫــﺬﻩ أﺳــﺮع ﻌﺸـﺮﻣــﺮات ﺗﻘﺮ . أن ﺛــﺎﻧﻲ أﻛﺴــ ﺪ ﻫــﺬا ﻌــ اﻟﺴــ ﻠ ﻮن اﻟ ﻄـﻲء اﻟــ ـ ﺤﺮﻛﺔ ﻘــﻊ ﻓــﻲﻣﻨﻄﻘــﺔ ـﺎت اﻟﻤﺤـ ﻂ ـﻢ ﺣـﺰام اﻟ ﻮ ﻜ ﺻـﻐ ة ﺣـﻮل اﻟـﻨ ﻢ ﺑﺤ ﺎﻟ ـﺎً ﺸـﻤﺲ ﺗﻘﺮ وﻫـﻮ ﺻـﻐ ﺟـﺪاً ـﺚ ﻻ ﻤﻜـﻦ رؤ ﺘــﮫ ﺑﺤ ﻓــﻲﻫـــﺬﻩ اﻟﺼـــﻮرة . ﻛـــﺬﻟﻚ ﻓـــﺈن وﻓـــﺮة ﺛـــﺎﻧﻲ أﻛﺴـــ ﺪ ا ﻟﺴـــ ﻠ ﻮن اﻟﻐـــﺎزي اﻟﻤﻘﺎﺳـــﺔ ﻓـــﻲ اﻟﻨﻔ ﺜـــﺔ اﻟﻤﺸـــﺎﻫﺪة ﺎ ﺳﺘﺨﺪام ﻣﺮﺻﺪ أﻟﻤﺎ أﻗﻞ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﺘﻮﻗﻊ و ﻤﺎ أن ﺗﺮﻛ ﺐ اﻟﻨﻔ ـﻮن ﻣﺸـﺎﺑﻬﺎً ﺜﺔ ﻳﺠﺐ أن ﻳ ﻟ ـﺐ اﻟﻘـﺮص اﻟـﺬ ﻛ ﺗﻨ ﺜﻖ ﻣﻨﮫ أن ﻌﺾ ﺛﺎﻧﻲ أﻛﺴ ﺪ ﻓﻬﺬا ﻌ اﻟﺴ ﻠ ﻮن اﻟﻐﺎزيﻓﻲ اﻟﻘﺮص ﺘﻜﺜﻒ إﻟﻰﻣﺎدة ﺻﻠ ﺔ . [ESO/L. Calçada/ALMA(ESO/NAOJ/NRAO)/M. McClure et al.]