Free Astronomy Magazine September-October 2025 ARABIC VERSION

nificant survey with a sufficiently large sample size. To overcomethese limitations, the research team turned to super-resolution imaging with sparse modeling. Inradioastronomy,imagesarecom- monly restored based on a specific assumptiontocompensateformiss- ing observation data. The imaging method employed this time recon- structsbasedonamoreaccurateas- sumption than the conventional approach,producinghigher-resolu- tion images even though the same observation data is used. PRIISM (Python module for Radio Interfer- ometryImagingwithSparseModel- ing),thepublicsoftwaredeveloped byaJapaneseteamwasusedinthis study. Theresearchteamutilizedthisnew imaging technique on ALMA archi- valdata,targeting78disksinthe Ophiuchus star-forming region, lo- cated460lightyearsfromtheSolar System. Asaresult,morethanhalfoftheim- agesproducedinthisstudyachieved aresolutionoverthreetimeshigher thanthatoftheconventionalmeth- od, which is comparable to that of the DSHARP and eDisk projects. Moreover,thetotalnumberofsam- plesinthisstudyisnearlyfourtimes largerthanthatoftheprevioustwo projects, significantly improving the robustnessofourstatisticalanalysis. Among the analyzed 78 disks, 27 diskswererevealedtohaveringor spiral structures, 15 of which were identified for the first time in this study. The team combined the Ophiuchus samplewiththoseoftheeDiskproj- ecttoconductastatisticalanalysis. Asaresult,theyfoundthatthechar- acteristic disk substructures emerge in disks with radii larger than 30 as- tronomical units (au) during theearly stage of star formation, just a few hundred thousand years after a star was born. This suggests that planets begin to form at a much ear- lier stage than previously believed, when the disk still possesses abun- dant gas and dust. In other words, planets grow together with theirvery young host stars. Ayumu Shoshi says, “These findings, bridging the gap between the eDisk and DSHARP projects, were enabled by the inno- vative imaging that allows for both achieving high resolution and alarge number of samples. While these findings only pertain to the disks in the constellation Ophiuchus, future studies of other star-forming regions will reveal whether this ten- dency isuniversal.”  ﻣﺠﻠﺔ FreeAstronomy ﺎﻟﻌﺮ ﺔ 33 ﻟﻠﺘﻐﻠﺐ ﻋﲆ ﻫﺬه اﻟﻘﻴﻮد ﻟﺠﺄ ﻓﺮﻳﻖ اﻟﺒﺤـﺚ إﱃ اﻟﺘﺼﻮﻳﺮ ﻓـﺎﺋﻖ اﻟﺪﻗـﺔ ﺑﺎﺳـﺘﺨﺪام اﻟﻨﻤﺬﺟـﺔ ا ﺘﻔﺮﻗﺔ ﻓ ﻌﺎدة ﻣﺎ ﻳ ﻌﺎد ﺑﻨﺎء اﻟﺼـﻮر ﰲ ﻋﻠـﻢ اﻟﻔﻠﻚ اﻟﺮادﻳـﻮي ﺑﻨـﺎء ﻋـﲆ اﻓـﱰاضﻣﺤـﺪد ﻟﺘﻌﻮﻳﺾ ﺑﻴﺎﻧﺎت اﻟﺮﺻﺪ ا ﻔ . ﻘﻮدة ﺗﻌﺘﻤﺪ ﻃﺮﻳﻘﺔ اﻟﺘﺼﻮﻳﺮ ا ُﺴﺘﺨﺪﻣﺔ ﻫﺬه ا ﺮة ﻋﲆ اﻓﱰاض أﻛﺜﺮ د ﻗﺔ ﻣﻦ اﻟـﻨﻬﺞ اﻟﺘﻘﻠﻴـﺪي ُﻣﻤﺎ ﻳﻨـﺘﺞ ﺻـﻮر ا ﻋﺎﻟﻴـﺔ اﻟﺪﻗـﺔ ﺣﺘـﻰ ﻣـﻊ اﺳﺘﺨﺪام ﺑﻴﺎﻧﺎت اﻟﺮﺻﺪ ﻧﻔﺴﻬﺎ . ﺗـﻢ ﰲ ﻫـﺬه اﻟﺪراﺳﺔ اﺳﺘ اﺨﺪ م ﺑﺮﻧـﺎﻣﺞ ﺑـﺮزم ) اﻟﻮﺣـﺪة اﻟﱪﻣﺠﻴـﺔ ﺑﻠﻐـﺔ ﺑـﺎﻳﺜﻮن ﻟﺘﺼـﻮﻳﺮ اﻟﺘـﺪاﺧﻞ اﻟﺮادﻳﻮي ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪام اﻟﻨﻤﺬﺟﺔ ا ﺘﻔﺮﻗﺔ ( وﻫـﻮ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﺞ ﻋﺎم ﻃﻮره ﻓﺮﻳﻖ ﻳﺎﺑﺎﻧﻲ . اﺳﺘﺨﺪم ﻓﺮﻳﻖ اﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﻫﺬه اﻟﺘﻘﻨﻴﺔ اﻟﺠﺪﻳـﺪة ﻟﻠﺘ ﺼﻮﻳﺮ ﻋﲆ ﺑﻴﺎﻧﺎت أرﺷﻴﻔﻴﺔ ﻣﻦ ﻣﺮﺻﺪ أ ﺎ ﻣﺴﺘﻬﺪﻓًﺎ 78 ﻗﺮﺻﺎ ﰲ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﺔ ﺗﻜﻮن اﻟﻨﺠﻮم ﰲ ﻛﻮﻛﺒﺔ اﻟﺤﻮاء اﻟﻮاﻗﻌﺔ ﻋﲆ ﺑُﻌﺪ 460 ﺳـﻨﺔ ﺿﻮﺋﻴﺔ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻨﻈﺎم اﻟ ـ ﺸﻤﴘ وﻧﺘﻴﺠـﺔً ﻟـﺬﻟﻚ ﻧﺘﺞ ﻋﻦ ﻫﺬه اﻟﺪراﺳﺔ ﺣﻠﻮلٌ ﺗﺘﺠـﺎوز ﺑﺜﻼﺛـﺔ أﺿﻌﺎف ﺣﻠـﻮل اﻟﻄﺮﻳﻘـﺔ اﻟﺘﻘﻠﻴﺪﻳـﺔ، وﻫـﻲ أ ﺿﻌﺎف ﺣ ﻠﻮل اﻟﻄﺮﻳﻘﺔ اﻟﺘﻘﻠﻴﺪﻳﺔ وﻫﻲ ﺣﻠﻮلٌ ﺗﻀﺎﻫﻲ ﺣﻠﻮل ﻣﴩوﻋﻲ ) دي ﺷـﺎرب إي )و ( و ( دﺳﻚ ﻋﻼوةً ﻋﲆ ذﻟﻚ ﻓﺈن اﻟﻌـﺪد اﻹﺟﻤـﺎﱄ ﻟﻠﻌﻴﻨﺎت ﰲ ﻫﺬه اﻟﺪراﺳﺔ أﻛﱪ ﺑﺄرﺑﻌﺔ أﺿﻌﺎف ﺗﻘﺮﻳﺒ ـ ﺎً ﻣــﻦ ﻋــﺪ د اﻟﻌﻴﻨ ـﺎت ﰲ ا ﴩــوﻋ اﻟﺴﺎﺑﻘ ﻣﻤﺎ ﻳﺤﺴ ﻦ ﺑﺸﻜﻞ ﻛﺒ ﻣﻦ ﻣﺘﺎﻧـﺔ ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻠﻨـﺎ اﻹﺣﺼــﺎﺋﻲ و ﻣـﻦ ﺑ ـ 78 ﻗﺮﺻـﺎً ﺧﻀـﻌ ﺖ ﻟﻠﺘﺤﻠﻴـﻞ ﺗﺒــ أن 27 ﺎُ ﻗﺮﺻـ ﻟﻬـﺎ ﻫﻴﺎﻛﻞ ﻟﻮﻟﺒﻴﺔ أو ﺣﻠﺰوﻧﻴﺔ و 15 ﺪدت ﺣـ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ ﻷول ﻣﺮة ﰲ ﻫﺬه اﻟﺪراﺳﺔ . ﺟﻤﻊ اﻟﻔﺮﻳﻖ ﻋﻴﻨﺔ ﻛﻮﻛﺒﺔ اﻟﺤﻮاء ﻣﻊ ﻋﻴﻨـﺎت ـﻣ ﴩوع اﻟﻘﺮص ﻹﺟـﺮاء ﺗﺤﻠﻴـﻞ إﺣﺼـﺎﺋﻲ وﻧﺘﻴﺠﺔ ﻟﺬﻟﻚ وﺟﺪوا أن اﻟﺒﻨﻰ اﻟﻔﺮﻋﻴﺔ ا ﻤﻴﺰة ﻟﻠﻘﺮص ﺗﻈﻬﺮ ﰲ اﻷﻗﺮاص اﻟﺘﻲ ﻳﺰﻳـﺪ ﻧﺼـﻒ ﻗﻄﺮﻫﺎ ﻋﻦ 30 وﺣﺪة ﻓﻠﻜﻴﺔ ﺧـﻼل ا ﺮﺣﻠـ ﺔ ا ﺒﻜﺮة ﻣﻦ ﺗﻜﻮﻳﻦ اﻟﻨﺠﻮم أي ﺑﻌﺪ ﺑﻀﻊ ﻣﺌﺎت اﻵﻻف ﻣﻦ اﻟﺴﻨ ﻓﻘـﻂ ﻣـﻦ وﻻدة اﻟـﻨﺠﻢ . ﻳﺸ ﻫﺬا إﱃ أن اﻟﻜﻮاﻛﺐ ﺗﺒـﺪأ ﰲ اﻟﺘﺸـﻜﻞ ﰲ ﻣﺮﺣﻠﺔ أ ﺑﻜﺮ ﺑﻜﺜ ﻣﻤﺎ ﻛـﺎن ﻳﻌﺘﻘـﺪ ﺳـﺎﺑﻘﺎً ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ ﻻ ﻳﺰال اﻟﻘﺮص ﻳﺤﺘﻮي ﻋﲆ وﻓﺮة ﻣـﻦ ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ ﻻ ﻳﺰال اﻟﻘﺮص ﻳﺤﺘﻮي ﻋﲆ وﻓ ﺮة ﻣـﻦ اﻟﻐﺎز واﻟﻐﺒﺎر ﺑﻤﻌﻨﻰ آﺧﺮ ﺗﻨﻤﻮ اﻟﻜﻮاﻛﺐ ﻣـﻊ ﻧﺠﻮﻣﻬــﺎ ا ﻀ ـﻴﻔﺔ ﺣﺪﻳﺜ ـﺔ اﻟ ـﻮﻻدة . ﻫــﺬا اﻻﻛﺘﺸﺎف ﻳﺆﻛﺪ اﻟﻨﻈﺮﻳﺎت ا ﺘﻌﻠﻘـﺔ ﺑﺘﺸـﻜﻞ اﻟﻜﻮاﻛﺐ داﺧﻞ اﻷﻗـﺮاص اﻟﻜﻮﻛﺒﻴـﺔ اﻷوﻟﻴـﺔ . ﻓﺎﻟﺘﻘﻨﻴﺎت ا ﻟﺘﺼﻮﻳﺮﻳﺔ ا ﺒﺘﻜـﺮة اﻟﺘـﻲ ﺗـﻮﻓﺮ ﺗﻔﺎﺻﻴﻞ ﻏ ﻣﺴﺒﻮﻗﺔ . ﴐورﻳﺔ ﻟﻬﺬا اﻟﺒﺤﺚ إﻧﻬﺎ ﺗﻤﻜـﻦ اﻟﻌﻠﻤـﺎء ﻣـﻦ ﻣﺮاﻗﺒـﺔ ﻋﻤﻠﻴـﺎت اﻟﱰاﻛﻢ واﻻ ﻧﻬﻴﺎر اﻟﺠﺎذﺑﻲ ﰲ اﻟﻮﻗﺖ اﻟﺤﻘﻴﻘﻲ وﺗﻘﺪم ﺻﻮرة أ وﺿﺢ ﻟﻜﻴﻔﻴﺔ ﻧﺸﺄة اﻷﻧﻈﻤـﺔ اﻟﺸﻤﺴﻴﺔ ﺑﻤﺎ ﰲ ذﻟﻚ ﻧﻈﺎﻣﻨﺎ . ﻳﻘﻮل أﻳﻮﻣﻮ ﺷﻮﳾ " : ﻫﺬه اﻟﻨﺘﺎﺋﺞ اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﺴﺪ اﻟﻔﺠﻮة ﺑ ـﻣـ ) ﴩوﻋﻲ دي ﺷـﺎرب إي )و ( ﻣ( دﺳﻚ ﻤﻜﻨﺔ ﺑﻔﻀﻞ اﻟﺘﺼﻮﻳﺮ ا ﺒﺘﻜـﺮ اﻟـﺬي ﻳﺴﻤﺢ ﺑﺘﺤﻘﻴﻖ دﻗﺔ ﻋﺎﻟﻴﺔ وﻋـﺪد ﻛﺒـ ﻣـﻦ اﻟﻌﻴﻨﺎت وﺑﻴﻨﻤﺎ ﺗﻘ ـ ﺘﴫ ﻫـﺬه اﻟﻨﺘـ ﺎﺋﺞ ﻋـﲆ اﻷﻗﺮاص ﰲ ﻛﻮﻛﺒﺔ اﻟﺤـﻮاء ﻓـﺈن اﻟﺪراﺳـﺎت ا ﺴﺘﻘﺒﻠﻴﺔ ﻨﺎﻃﻖ ﺗﻜـﻮﻳﻦ اﻟﻨﺠـﻮم اﻷﺧـﺮى ﺳﺘﻜﺸﻒ ﻣﺎ إذا ﻛﺎن ﻫﺬا اﻟﺘﻮﺟﻪ ".ﺎً ﻋﺎ ﻴ