Free Astronomy Magazine September-October 2025 ARABIC VERSION

SEPTEMBER-OCTOBER2025 Thisreflectioncreatesabrightpock- et of light amongst the otherwise opaqueclouds. Belowthepairofreflectionnebulae is the orange-tinted Chamaeleon Infrared Nebula. Resembling the wingsofanetherealcosmicaviator, thisnebulaistheproductofstreams of fast-moving gas that are being ejectedfromanewlyformedlow- mass star at the core of the nebula. These streams have carved a tunnel through the interstellar cloud where the young star was born. Theinfraredandvisiblelightemit- ted by the nascent star escapes alongthistunnelandscattersoffits walls,givingrisetothewispyreflec- tion nebula. Embedded throughout ChamaeleonI,astronomershave also found numerous Herbig-Haro objects—brightpatchesofnebulos- ity that form when ionized jets of gas ejected from newly born stars collide with slow-moving gas in the surroundingcloud.Oneoftheseob- jectscanbespottedasatiny,faint red patch lying in the dusty realm betweenCederblad111andCeder- blad110 .   ﺻﻮرة اﻟـﺤﺮ ﺎء ﺳﺤﺎ ﺔ اﻟﻤﻈﻠﻤﺔ أﻗ ﺮ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﺔ ﻟﺘﺸ ﻞ اﻟﻨﺠﻮم إﻟﻰ اﻷرض ﺗﻈﻬﺮ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺬﻩ اﻟﺼﻮرة اﻟﻤﻠﺘﻘﻄﺔ ﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪام ﺎﻣ ا اﻟ اﻟ ﻄﺎﻗﺔ ﻤﻈﻠﻤﺔ ﺪﻗﺔ 570 ﻣﻴﺠﺎ ﻜﺴﻞ ﻣﻦﺻﻨﻊوزارة اﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ اﻷﻣﺮ ﻜ ﺔ ــﻮ ﻣُﺜ ﺘــﺔ ﻋﻠــﻰ ﺗﻠﺴــ ﻮب ﻓ ﻜﺘـﻮر ﻼﻧ ﻘﻄـﺮ 4 أﻣﺘــﺎر ﻓـﻲﻣﺮﺻــﺪ ﺳــ و ﺗﻮﻟﻮﻟــﻮ اﻟﺘــﺎﺑﻊ ﻟﻤﺆﺳﺴــﺔ ا ﻟﻌﻠــﻮم اﻟﻮﻃ ــﺔ ــﺔ اﻷﻣﺮ ﻜ ﻨ وﻫــﻮ ﺟــﺰء ﻣــﻦ ﺑﺮــﺎﻣﺞ ﻣﺨﺘــ أﺑﺤــﺎث ﻧــﻮرﻻب اﻟﺘــﺎﺑﻊ ﻟﻤﺆ ــﺔ ﺳﺴــﺔ اﻟﻌﻠـﻮم اﻟﻮﻃﻨ اﻷﻣﺮ ﻜ ﺔ ﺗ. ﻤﺜﻞﺳﺤﺎ ﺔ اﻟـﺤﺮ ﺎء اً ﺟﺰء ﺗ ﻤﻊ ﻣﻦ اﻟـﺤﺮ ﺎء اﻷﻛ وﻫﻲ ﺗﺆوي ﺛﻼثﺳﺪ ﺔ م اﻧﻌ ﺎﺳ وﺗﺘﻮﻫﺞ ﻀﻮء اﻟﻨﺠﻮم ﺣﺪ ﺜﺔ اﻟﺘ ﻮﻳﻦ اﻟﻘﺮ ﺔ . .[CTIO/NOIRLab/DOE/NSF/AURA−Image Processing:T.A.Rector( UniversityofAlaskaAn- chorage/NSF NOIRLab), M. Zamani & D. de Martin (NSF NOIRLab)] ﻳ ﻨﺸﺊ ﻫﺬا اﻻﻧﻌﻜ ﺎسﺟﻴﺒﺎً ﺎً ﺳﺎﻃﻌ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻀﻮء وﺳﻂ اﻟﺴﺤﺐ ا . ﻌﺘﻤـﺔ ﺗﺤـﺖ زوج اﻟﺴـﺪم اﻻﻧﻌﻜﺎﺳﻴﺔ ﻳﻘـﻊ ﺳـﺪﻳﻢ اﻟﺤﺮﺑـﺎء ﺑﺎﻷﺷـﻌﺔ ﺗﺤﺖ اﻟﺤﻤﺮاء ذو اﻟﻠﻮن اﻟﱪﺗﻘﺎﱄ . ﻳﺸﺒﻪ ﻫـ ﺬا اﻟﺴﺪﻳﻢ أﺟﻨﺤﺔ ﻃﺎﺋﺮ ﻛﻮﻧﻲ ج وﻫﻮ ﻧﺘﺎ ﺗﻴﺎرات ﻣﻦ اﻟﻐﺎز ﴎﻳﻊ اﻟﺤﺮﻛـﺔ ﺗ ﻘـﺬف ﻣـﻦ ﻧﺠـﻢ ﺣـﺪﻳﺚ اﻟﺘﻜـﻮﻳﻦ ﻣـﻨﺨﻔﺾ اﻟﻜﺘﻠـﺔ ﰲ ﻗﻠـﺐ اﻟﺴﺪﻳﻢ . ﺣﻔﺮت ﻫـﺬه اﻟﺘﻴـﺎرات ﻧﻔﻘـ ﺎً ﻋـﱪ اﻟﺴﺤﺎﺑﺔ اﻟﺒﻴﻨﺠﻤﻴﺔ ﺣﻴﺚ وﻟﺪ اﻟﻨﺠﻢ . ﻳﻨﺒﻌـﺚ اﻟﻀﻮء ا ﺮﺋﻲ واﻷﺷﻌﺔ ﺗﺤـﺖ اﻟﺤﻤـﺮاء ﻣـﻦ اﻟﻀﻮء ا ﺮﺋﻲ واﻷﺷﻌﺔ ﺗﺤـﺖ اﻟﺤﻤـﺮاء ﻣـﻦ اﻟﻨﺠﻢ اﻟﻨﺎﺷﺊ ﻋﲆ ﻃﻮل ﻫﺬا اﻟﻨﻔـﻖ وﻳﺘﻨـﺎﺛﺮ ﻋﲆ ﺟﺪراﻧـﻪ ﻣﻤـﺎ ﻳـ ﺆدي إﱃ ﻇﻬـﻮر ﺳـﺪﻳﻢ اﻻﻧﻌﻜﺎ اﻛﺘ . س اﻟﺨﺎﻓﺖ ﺸﻒ ﻋﻠﻤﺎء اﻟﻔﻠﻚ أﻳﻀ ﺎً اﻟﻌﺪﻳﺪ ﻣﻦ أﺟﺮام ﻫ ﺑﻴﺞ ﻫﺎرو - ا ﻮﺟـﻮدة ﰲ ﺟﻤﻴﻊ أﻧﺤﺎء اﻟﺤﺮﺑﺎء 1 وﻫﻲ ﺑﻘـﻊ ﺳـﺎﻃﻌﺔ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺴﺪﻳﻢ ﺗﺘﺸﻜﻞ ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ ﺗﺼـﻄﺪم ﻧﻔﺎﺛـﺎت اﻟﻐﺎز ا ﺆﻳﻨـﺔ ا ﻨﺒﻌﺜـﺔ ﻣـﻦ اﻟﻨﺠـﻮم ﺣﺪﻳﺜـﺔ ﺣﺪﻳﺜـﺔ اﻟـﻮﻻدة ﺑﺎﻟﻐـﺎز ﺑﻄـﻲء اﻟﺤﺮﻛـﺔ ﰲ اﻟﺴﺤﺎﺑﺔ ا ﺤﻴﻄﺔ . ﻳﻤﻜـﻦ رﺻـﺪ أﺣـﺪ ﻫـﺬه اﻟﺘﻜﻮﻳﻦ ﺑﺎﻟﻐﺎز ﺑﻄﻲء اﻟﺤﺮﻛـﺔ ﰲ اﻟﺴـﺤﺎﺑﺔ ا ﺤﻴﻄﺔ وﺗﻨﺘﺞ ﻫـﺬة اﻟﺘﺼـﺎدﻣﺎت ﺻـﺪﻣﺎت ﺿﻮﺋﻴﺔ ﻣﺬﻫﻠﺔ ﺗ ـ ﴤء ا ﻨﺎﻃﻖ ا ﻈﻠﻤﺔ ﻣـﻦ اﻟﺴﺪﻳﻢ ﻣﻤﺎ ﻳﻤﻨﺤﻨﺎ ﺤﺔ ﻋﻦ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎت ﺗﻜﻮﻳﻦ اﻟ ﻨﺠﻮم ﰲ ﺑﺪاﻳﺎﺗﻬﺎ . ﻳﻤﻜﻦ أﺣﺪ رﺻﺪ ﻫﺬه اﻷﺟﺮام ﻋﲆ ﺷﻜﻞ ﺑﻘﻌﺔ و ﺧﺎﻓﺘﺔ ﺣﻤﺮاء ﻻﻣﻌﺔ ﺗﻘﻊ ﰲ ﻋﺎﻟﻢ اﻟﻐﺒﺎر ﺑ ﺳﻴﺪرﺑﻼد 111 وﺳﻴﺪرﺑﻼد 110 . ﺮ ﺳﺒﺘﻤﺒ - ﺃﻛﺘﻮﺑﺮ 2 0 2 5